CN115104475A - Green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method, wherein a net room is established to separate an external disease source and an insect source, and separate dangerous diseases and pests outside the net, a grass growing method is adopted, so that a good ecological system established artificially is achieved, and a benign ecological system on trees and in the ground can be artificially established; meanwhile, the planting period of the lemons can be prolonged to the maximum extent; the invention realizes premature delivery and production in different seasons, releases fruit growers to the maximum extent and greatly shortens labor input. The fertilizer, water and pesticide are reasonably and efficiently utilized, the fertilizing time and the fertilizing method are controlled, the time points can be selected for fertilizing, supplying water and using pesticide according to the season of the lemon, diseases and pests are prevented in advance and controlled within an economic threshold value in time, and the biological control of the diseases and the pests in the garden can be well realized. Finally, the fruit with beautiful, high quality, green, safe and high yield is produced.

Description

Green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of lemon garden cultivation, and particularly relates to a green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method.

Background

Lemon (A)C. limon (L.)Burm.f.) (ii) of RutaceaeRutaceae) Citrus (A) of genus CitrusCitrus) The fruit tree can be eaten fresh, the fruit pulp can be used for making fruit pulp, fruity food and beverage, and can also be used for deep processing, such as concentrated juice, lemon oil, freeze-dried slices and the like, wherein the lemon oil is a raw and auxiliary material additive of various foods, cosmetics, medicaments and health care products. At present, the lemon can emit special faint scent, and has the characteristics of tender hair for 4-12 times in one year under the condition of sufficient fat and water and flower formation in four seasons. The lemon diseases and pests associated with such excellent characteristics are much more numerous than other crops, and the production of "elegant" fruits inevitably results in increased input of pesticides, fertilizers, water, labor, and the like.

According to the conventional management at present, the management investment cost of the lemon garden reaches 2 ten thousand yuan/mu every year before the lemon garden is put into production, and the average cost is reduced by 1 ten thousand yuan/mu slightly after the lemon garden is put into production. The 3 rd year after the lemon is planted begins to bear fruits, and the 5 th year reaches the high yield period. The light dose is about 25-40 times per year before fruiting, and the annual dose is 800 yuan/mu. After the administration, the medicine is taken 28 times in the whole year, and the administration cost is 3500 Yuan/mu; the fertilizer is applied once every 15 days when the fruits are not bearing, namely the fertilizer is applied frequently in the young tree period, wherein each plant is averagely 10 g/time, and each plant is averagely 240 g in 1 year, after the fertilizer is put into production, the fertilizer is mainly applied according to the citrus season, the fertilizer demand and the variety in different climatic periods are inconsistent, and the average fertilizer is applied 1200 g per plant per year; the watering is mostly in a flood irrigation mode, 10 mu of water can be irrigated by each person every day, and 480 liters of water is used for each plant every year on average. Most of the water is lost through ditches, surface runoff and other ways. When the lemon reaches the high yield period, the yield per mu is 2 tons, and the high-quality fruit rate is 60-75 percent. Dangerous diseases can be found in most orchards from the 6 th year, and plants are weakened for almost 10 years and need to be updated.

At present, compared with the lemon garden managed by the method, the traditional lemon garden in production management has the problems of high long-term production investment, short fruit tree service life, low yield, low output value, soil salinization, serious water and soil loss, serious water and fertilizer waste, worsening ecological environment, enhanced drug resistance of pests and the like, and is more and more developed, so that the labor-saving, green and economical management is needed if the production input cost of the lemons is reduced and fruits with beautiful fruits, high quality, green and high yield are produced.

Disclosure of Invention

This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

As one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method which comprises the following steps,

preparing land: deeply ploughing and ridging the land mass, and putting decomposed organic fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into the land mass during deep ploughing;

(II) building a net room: setting steel pipes around the prepared land according to the distance of 6m, transversely placing the steel pipes at the top, and laying a gauze; a shading net is arranged at the joint of the gauze and the steel pipe;

(III) planting and laying drip irrigation tapes:

planting: carrying out whole-net room insecticidal sterilization treatment on net rooms by using a medicament before field planting, carrying out whole-net room insecticidal sterilization treatment on the net rooms by using the medicament before field planting, selecting detoxified seedlings with strong expansion potential as seedlings for field planting 30-45 days after medicament application, carrying out concentrated insecticidal sterilization treatment on the seedlings on the day of field planting after the seedlings are planted in a net, immediately transplanting the seedlings into the net rooms after medicinal liquor on the plants is dried, planting the seedlings in the middle of ridges during field planting, and timely watering enough root fixing water after planting;

laying a drip irrigation tape: carrying out drip irrigation by adopting double pipelines;

(IV) planting grass: broadcasting herba Agastaches, herba Medicaginis, flos Tagetis Erectae and herba astragali Melilotoidis between rows and plants of lemon;

and (V) fertilizer and water management:

and (3) fertilizer and water management in the sapling period: drip irrigation is carried out by adopting double pipelines, and water and fertilizer are supplied simultaneously in the sapling period;

and (3) carrying out fertilizer and water management on fruit trees: applying boron fertilizer before blossom promotion, in a bud period and in a young fruit period to fruits of each season, wherein the boron fertilizer is obtained according to the following formula: drip irrigation once boron fertilizer with the weight ratio of 1:1000, and averagely, 6 g of boron fertilizer is fed to each plant every year; supplementing calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizers in the fruit expansion period, wherein the calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizers: drip irrigation with water in the weight ratio of 1:1000, and 6 g of calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizers are fed to each plant per year on average;

applying a compound fertilizer: 16 g of balance fertilizer, 28 g of high-nitrogen fertilizer and 22 g of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizer are applied to each plant all the year round;

watering the fruiting trees: double-pipeline burette is adopted for water supply;

and (VI) pest and disease damage management: and (3) pest control and management of the lemon in the net room: and (5) performing drug control. Laying a medicine tube, and installing an atomizing nozzle on the medicine tube for atomizing and feeding; physical prevention and control mainly release natural enemies.

The preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method is as follows: the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by weight before the spring flowers of the lemons germinate: 2 times of drip irrigation with high nitrogen fertilizer for 2 times with the water weight ratio of 2:100, and the interval of the drip irrigation for 2 times is 5 days; and in summer, after the second physiological fruit drop of the lemon spring flowers and fruits is finished, according to the high nitrogen fertilizer: 2 times of drip irrigation of the high nitrogen fertilizer is carried out at the water ratio of 2:100, and the interval of the 2 times of drip irrigation is 7 days; when 5-8 new leaves grow on the branch tips, the fertilizer is used as follows: 2 times of drip irrigation of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizers with water in a ratio of 2:100, wherein the interval of 2 times of drip irrigation is 3 days; after the spring flowers and fruits in autumn are picked, the fertilizer is quickly added: 2 times of drip irrigation of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizers with water in a ratio of 2:100, wherein the interval of 2 times of drip irrigation is 3 days; and when the second physiological fruit drop of the autumn flowers and fruits is finished, according to the fertilizer: 2 times of drip irrigation of the high nitrogen fertilizer is carried out at the water ratio of 1:100, and the interval of the 2 times of drip irrigation is 7 days; fertilizer is added after winter and before flower bud differentiation: water is 1:100, drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time to balance fertilizer, and when blooming, fertilizer: 1-time drip irrigation balance fertilizer with water in a ratio of 1:100, and the balance fertilizer is added in the expansion period of the spring flower fruits, the autumn flowers and the winter flowers according to the weight ratio of the fertilizer: the water is 1:1000 in proportion, 5 days and 1 time drip irrigation balance fertilizer are 39 times, 16 g of balance fertilizer, 28 g of high nitrogen fertilizer and 22 g of high phosphorus and high potassium fertilizer are applied to each plant all the year round.

The preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method is as follows: the balance fertilizer is 18:18:18+ ET fertilizer; the high nitrogen fertilizer is 34:10:10+ ET fertilizer; the high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer is a 6:30:24+ ET fertilizer.

The preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method is as follows: the raw grass planting method comprises the steps of planting marigold and astragalus sinicus in a lemon garden at 5-10 months per year, planting the marigold and the astragalus sinicus in a staggered mode in rows, cutting the astragalus sinicus twice, cutting the marigold and the astragalus sinicus seeds to collect seeds when the marigold and the astragalus sinicus seeds are ripe for 11 months, then planting ageratum thistle and alfalfa, planting the ageratum thistle and alfalfa in a staggered mode in rows, cutting the ageratum thistle and alfalfa seeds for 1 time every month in 12 months, 1 month and 2 months, collecting the seeds after the ageratum thistle and alfalfa seeds are ripe for 4 months, and storing the seeds for 12 months for broadcasting.

The preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method is as follows: preparing soil, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 80cm, thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are placed during deep ploughing, the thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are mixed uniformly with soil according to the weight ratio of 20:0.1, then ridging is carried out, the ridge height is 20cm, the ridge bottom width is 2m, and the ridge spacing is 2 m.

As a preferred scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method, the method comprises the following steps: the medicine is applied in a lemon garden in a atomizing mode, 100 times of Xicui liquid, 100 times of Luoyang liquid, 800 times of Bordeaux liquid, 800 times of ethylicin liquid and 500 times of ivermectin liquid are sprayed, the medicine is applied 8 times a year, and the medicine is applied for 1 liter per mu each time.

The preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method is as follows: the physical prevention and control is to trim according to the occurrence and reproduction habits of main pests and diseases of the lemon trees, so that the lemon trees are ventilated and transparent, and the branches and tips are not penetrated or covered.

The preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method is as follows: the natural enemy is to release the drug-resistant small neoseiulus persimilis at the density of 50 heads per 2-plant when the mouth density of each leaf worm of the red spider is 2 heads; 50 niclosid any-small bees are put on every 2 plants in the garden just before the emergence of the plants, 20 orius microphyllus or 50 thrips tayahou are put on every 2 plants in the flowering period and the young shoot period of the citrus, and the thrips are controlled.

The preferable scheme of the green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method is as follows: the management of fertilizer and water in the sapling period is that double-pipeline drip irrigation is adopted to supply water once every 2 days on average, and the fertilizer is supplied according to the following water: the fertilizer is 1000:1 and a water band to dip the balance fertilizer.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, a net room is established to block external sources of diseases and insect pests, dangerous diseases and pests are blocked outside the net, a grass growing method is adopted, a good ecological system which is artificially established is achieved, and a good ecological system on trees and in the ground can be artificially established; meanwhile, the planting period of the lemons can be prolonged to the maximum extent; the invention realizes premature delivery and production in different seasons, releases fruit growers to the maximum extent and greatly shortens labor input. The fertilizer, water and pesticide are reasonably and efficiently utilized, the fertilizing time and the fertilizing method are controlled, the time points can be selected for fertilizing, supplying water and using pesticide according to the season of the lemon, diseases and pests are prevented in advance and controlled within an economic threshold value in time, and the biological control of the diseases and the pests in the garden can be well realized. Finally, the fruit with beautiful, high quality, green, safe and high yield is produced.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with examples are described in detail below.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

The invention relates to a green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method, which comprises the following steps,

taking the example of screening and cultivating a good lemon variety 'Yun lemon No. 1' by research institute of tropical and subtropical economic crops in the rural institute of Yunnan province, the lemon can blossom and fruit in four seasons under the natural environment of great superiority in Yunnan province. Under the conventional planting, the yield of spring flowers, fruits and flowers is greater than autumn flowers, fruits and flowers are greater than winter flowers and fruits; quality and smoothness of fruit surface spring flower and fruit > autumn flower and fruit > winter flower and fruit > summer flower and fruit. The Yunnan lemon can realize the characteristics of fresh fruits in four seasons, and the prices of autumn flowers and fruits of the Yunnan lemon are greatly higher than those of winter flowers and fruits, winter flowers and fruits are obviously higher than those of spring flowers and fruits, spring flowers and fruits are greatly higher than those of summer flowers and fruits for many years, and the prices of the spring flowers and fruits in the highest year are 5 times higher than those of spring flowers and fruits. In order to improve the yield and the quality and fully utilize the natural resources which are extremely thick in Yunnan to realize the high mu yield value, the invention realizes the artificial regulation and control to improve the yield and the quality of autumn flowers and winter flowers:

preparing land: and deeply plowing and ridging the land mass, wherein the deep plowing depth is 80cm, putting decomposed organic fertilizer and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) during deep plowing, mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi each plant uniformly with soil according to the weight ratio of 20:0.1, and ridging, wherein the ridge height is 20cm, the ridge bottom width is 2m, and the ridge spacing is 2 m.

(II) building network room

Planting steel pipes with the diameter of 5.0cm and the height of 7m at the distance of 6m around the prepared land, and transversely placing steel pipes with the diameter of 4.0cm and the length of 6m at the top; planting 4.0cm steel pipes in the middle at a distance of 6m, and transversely placing 4.0cm steel pipes at the top; the steel pipes are connected by welded triangular pipes. The steel pipe is inserted into the ground to be deep into 40cm, 20cm steel bars are welded at the foot part of the steel pipe in three directions, wherein 10cm steel bars are welded with the steel pipe, 10cm splayed feet are inserted into the soil and then are fixed by cement. Welding clamping grooves on the vertical peripheral steel pipes and the steel pipes with the transverse tops to fix the gauze; and heat-insulating glue is arranged on the clamping grooves to prevent the clamping grooves from being heated and contacting the gauze or accelerating the ageing of the gauze, so that the service time is finally shortened.

2. Covering net

The specification of the screen is selected to be 40 meshes, and the screen is covered after the net rack is built. The gauze is fixed on the clamping groove while covering. A shading net is arranged between the gauze and the clamping strip. A layer of shading net is also arranged at the contact position of the gauze net and the steel pipe and is used for preventing the steel pipe from scalding the gauze net due to high temperature of sunlight irradiation. Finally, the pests are blocked, and the service life of the gauze is prolonged.

(III) planting and laying drip irrigation tape

1. Planting

The method comprises the steps of carrying out full-net-room insecticidal sterilization treatment on net rooms by using medicaments before field planting, selecting detoxified seedlings with strong expansion as seedlings for field planting 30-45 days after the medicaments are used, carrying out insecticidal sterilization treatment on the seedlings in the day of net entering and field planting in a centralized manner, transplanting the seedlings into the net rooms immediately after medicinal liquid on the plants is dried, planting the seedlings in the middle of ridges during field planting, and timely watering enough root fixing water after the seedlings are planted.

2. Laying drip irrigation tape

And laying a burette belt while planting. Taking a dry and hot area loam plot and a lemon sapling as an example, each lemon tree is watered by 0.5 liter once, and is watered by drip irrigation for 2-3 days (once in spring and summer for 3 days, and once in autumn and winter for 2 days). And the orchard adopting the drip irrigation is cut once every 20 days in spring, and the grass is grown in autumn and winter almost without cutting. The growth speed of weeds in the lemon garden adopting the sprinkling irrigation mode is higher than that of the lemon garden adopting the trickle irrigation mode, the sprinkling irrigation lemon garden needs to be mowed for growing weeds in 3 days on average in spring and summer, and the mowed for 30 days on average in autumn and winter. Drip irrigation in a dry and hot loam lemon garden can save water and fertilizer (fertilizers are applied in a belt way by combining watering) and release mowing labor force. The drip irrigation double-tube watering is adopted, the watering and fertilizing time is shortened, the energy is saved, and labor force is greatly reduced.

Double-barrelled laying is driped irrigation, can shorten the time of feedwater and fertile, and the even acquisition of plant is nutritious when greatly reduced labour cost makes the healthy upright growth of lemon. The dripper is arranged at a position 30 cm away from the tree root, the dripping hole is 0.01 mm, and the dripping hole is increased along with the growth of the tree body or the watering time is prolonged.

(IV) planting grass

The method comprises the steps of sowing crops suitable for being planted in a lemon garden, and adopting 10 different treatment modes between lines and plants of the net room lemon garden, namely sowing one of ageratum thistle, alfalfa, marigold, astragalus sinicus, platycodon grandiflorum, golden pheasant, arrow-tongue pea and stevia rebaudiana between the lines and the plants of the lemon garden, and taking the crops as a control group by covering grass-prevention cloth and reserving weeds in a local garden to naturally grow. The results show that the insect population of the main pests such as red spiders, thrips and scales on lemon plants is put in the area where ageratum thistle, alfalfa, milk vetch or marigold are planted, is less than that in the area where platycodon grandiflorum, golden pheasant and snake eye chrysanthemum are planted, is less than that in the area where weeds in a local garden are reserved, and is less than that in the area where grass prevention cloth is covered. The species and the number of the natural enemy insects in the garden are as follows: the astragalus sinicus planting area, the alfalfa planting area, the ageratum thistle planting area, the marigold planting area, the arrow pea planting area, the stevia rebaudiana planting area, the golden pheasant planting area, the platycodon grandiflorum planting area, the local weed area and the mulching film planting area are arranged in the Chinese milk vetch planting area. The film covering area has almost no natural enemies, the watering frequency of the alfalfa planting area and the astragalus sinicus area is the lowest monthly, and the film covering area has a significant difference compared with other groups.

In conclusion, the ageratum thistle, the alfalfa, the marigold and the astragalus sinicus are planted in the net room lemon garden, so that the population density of main pests in the garden is reduced, the number and the types of natural enemies in the garden are increased, and the frequency and the pesticide for controlling the pests are reduced finally. Meanwhile, the water consumption frequency is reduced. Because the growth cycles of ageratum conyzoides, alfalfa, marigold and astragalus sinicus are different, the time is staggered during planting or cutting to ensure that at least one or two of the agastache rugosus, the alfalfa, the marigold and the astragalus sinicus are in the growth period so as to hope that beneficial insects have places for taking food, living and breeding. Specifically, marigold and astragalus sinicus are planted in the garden 5-10 months per year, and the two plants are planted in a staggered mode in rows, namely one row of marigold is planted, one row of astragalus sinicus is planted, and the two plants are planted in a staggered mode. And (3) cutting the milk vetch for two times in the period, and then cutting the milk vetch to flower and seed the milk vetch. And (4) cutting and collecting seeds when the seeds of the marigold and the astragalus sinicus are ripe for 11 months. And then planting ageratum thistle and alfalfa in a staggered mode in rows, namely planting ageratum thistle in a row and planting alfalfa in a staggered mode in a row. The seeds of ageratum and alfalfa can be mown for 1 time in 12 months, 1 month and 2 months, and the seeds are collected and stored for broadcasting in 12 months after the seeds of ageratum and alfalfa are ripe for 4 months, and the branches and the stems are returned to the garden.

(V) fertilizer and water management

1. And (3) fertilizer and water management in the sapling period: water and fertilizer are supplied simultaneously in the sapling period. The invention adopts the drip irrigation to supply water once every 2 days on average, and the fertilizer is supplied according to the following water: supplying balanced fertilizer with water at a ratio of 1000:1, fertilizing 150 g/plant per year, and watering 90L/plant; and the water and the fertilizer are supplied once in 15 days in the conventional production management, and the water and the fertilizer can be applied for 2 mu per day. Each plant is given 10 g of fertilizer and 20 liters of water, and each plant is given 240 g of fertilizer and 480 liters of water every year. Compared with the two modes, the invention not only reduces the using amount of the fertilizer and saves water, but also completely releases manpower.

2. Fertile water management for fruiting trees

2.1 fruit tree fertilizing type, fertilizing amount and fertilizing time node

2.1.1 node of fertilizing amount and fertilizing time of single fertilizer

Certain boric fertilizer is applied to the fruits of each season before blossom promotion, in a bud stage and in a young fruit stage. The invention is characterized in that according to the boron fertilizer: and carrying out drip irrigation on the monomer boron fertilizer once with the water in a weight ratio of 1:1000, and averagely applying 6 g of the boron fertilizer to each plant every year (20 g of the boron fertilizer is applied to the plant before blossom, 10 g of the boron fertilizer is applied to the plant in a bud period and a young fruit period in the conventional planting management, and averagely applying 100 g of the boron fertilizer to each plant every year). Proper calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizers can be supplemented in the fruit expansion period, and the invention is characterized in that the calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizers: the weight ratio of water is 1:1000, and each plant is fertilized with 6 g of fertilizer per year on average (while the normal management is that 50g of fertilizer is applied to each plant in a hole way once in winter fertilization).

2.1.2 node of fertilizer application amount and fertilizer application time of compound fertilizer

The amount and time of the compound fertilizer applied in the invention are that before the spring flowers of the lemons germinate, the fertilizer is: the water is 2:100 in weight ratio, the high nitrogen fertilizer is supplied for 2 times, the time interval is 5 days, the quality of spring flowers can be ensured, and the spring tips can be ensured to grow healthily into fruiting mother branches of healthy autumn flowers; when the lemon spring flower and fruit is in summer, after the second physiological fruit drop of the lemon spring flower and fruit is finished, according to the fertilizer: the water is 2:100, the high nitrogen fertilizer is given for 2 times, the time interval is 7 days, firstly fruit swelling is carried out, secondly summer tip is promoted, the summer tip is a fruiting mother branch of winter flowers, and more branch tips grow enough in summer, so when the branch tips grow 5-8 new leaves, the fertilizer is used: the water is 2:100 for 2 times of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizers, and the time interval is 3 days to promote the early aging of summer tips and the promotion of autumn flowers; after the spring flowers and fruits in autumn are picked, the fertilizer is quickly added: 2 times of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizers are given with water in a ratio of 2:100, the flower promotion is carried out at the time interval of 3 days, and when the second physiological fruit drop of autumn flowers and fruits is finished, the fertilizer is as follows: the water is added for 2 times of high nitrogen fertilizer in a ratio of 1:100, the time interval is 7 days, and the autumn tip and fruit swelling are mainly carried out; fertilizer is added after winter and before flower bud differentiation: balancing fertilizer for 1 time with water in a ratio of 1:100, and adding fertilizer: the water is in a ratio of 1:100 to balance the fertilizer for 1 time. Except that enough fertilizers are given according to the lemon phenological period on time and according to the amount, fertilizers are given in the spring flower fruit, autumn flower fruit and winter flower fruit expansion period: the balance fertilizer is given for 1 time in 5 days with the water ratio of 1:1000 for 9 times. 66 g of common fertilizer is used for each plant all the year, wherein 16 g of balanced 18:18:18+ ET fertilizer is applied; 28 g of high-nitrogen 34:10:10+ ET fertilizer; 22 g of high phosphorus and potassium 6:30:24+ ET fertilizer.

The conventional management lemon garden fertilizer is mainly given according to cultivation of spring flowers and fruits, and each plant is given 1200 g of fertilizer every year. Wherein, deep digging is carried out after autumn flower and fruit are picked, and each plant is mainly deeply fertilized with 34:10:10+ ET fertilizer 500 g with high nitrogen, and each person can be fertilized with 0.5 mu of fertilizer per day; after the second physiological fruit drop of the spring flowering fruits is finished, applying 200 g of high phosphorus potassium (6: 30: 24) and ET fertilizer to each shallow root, wherein each shallow root can be applied by 1 mu per person per day; 500 g of 18:18:18+ ET balanced fertilizer is applied to the shallow roots in the fruit swelling period, and each person can apply 1 mu of fertilizer per day.

In conclusion, the invention not only realizes a small amount of supply for a plurality of times according to needs, but also greatly reduces the total annual application amount of the fertilizer, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer and saves the fertilizer. And also releases labor.

2.2 watering the fruiting trees

When the invention is used for watering lemons in the net room, water supply is generally carried out according to the soil water content and the lemon phenological period, proper water control is generally carried out when spring flowers, autumn flowers and winter flowers are promoted, water is supplied every 3 days in the rest time according to weather conditions and soil moisture, the annual water supply amount is 160 liters per year (the conventional management orchard generally has no method for supplying water according to the soil moisture and the phenological period, flood irrigation is carried out when water exists, 4 flood irrigation can be carried out per year on average, the annual water irrigation amount of each plant is 480 liters, and 10 acres can be watered per person per day). The invention adopts double-pipeline drip irrigation to supply water, the retention time of the water on the sudden surface is short, the water slowly permeates under the influence of gravity and is slowly dispersed under the surface soil, the evaporation of the surface and the absorption of surface grass are reduced, the surface runoff and a large amount of permeation loss are greatly reduced, and the water consumption of each plant is efficiently absorbed and utilized by the plants, thereby reducing the water consumption of each plant. In contrast to conventional management, because conventional management uses flood irrigation, this results in a large amount of water that will produce a large amount of surface runoff and a large amount of infiltration, as well as a large amount of surface evaporation and absorption by surface plants, resulting in a large amount of water that is essentially not utilized by the plants and wasted. Therefore, the double-pipeline drip irrigation zone can supply water quickly, greatly saves water consumption and releases manpower.

(VI) Pest and disease management

1. Disease and pest control management of lemon in net room

Through years of investigation, main pests in the net room are citrus red spider, leaf miner, lecanium amazonicum, thrips, citrus mealybug and rust tick, diseases are mainly gray mold, and a small amount of gummosis and green algae are found.

1.1, laying the medicine tube

After the lemon is fixedly planted, pesticide spraying pipelines are laid in the garden, pesticide pipes are laid according to one branch pipe in each ridge, 3 steel pipes which are 2.0 cm and 2.5 meters high are placed in each ridge, two steel pipes are arranged at the ends of each ridge, and the other steel pipe is arranged in the middle of each ridge. The steel pipes are connected through 1.0EP pipes, and the connecting positions are connected through movable bayonets, so that the steel pipes can move up and down. The medicine tube is fixed on the EP tube, and the rotary atomization three spray heads are arranged at one position of 3 meters on the medicine tube. 50 mu of atomized medicine is taken for 3 minutes.

1.2 prevention and treatment method

And (3) medicine prevention and treatment: biological source, mineral oil and plant source pesticides which are safe to natural enemy insects are mainly sprayed in gardens, and currently, 100 times of Xicui liquid, 100 times of Luoyang liquid, 800 times of Bordeaux liquid, 800 times of ethylicin liquid and 500 times of ivermectin liquid are mainly used. The medicine is applied 8 times per year on average, and 1 liter of the medicine is applied to each mu each time.

Physical control: the lemon tree is reasonably trimmed according to the occurrence and reproduction habits of main pests and diseases of lemons, the ventilation and light transmission of the tree body are ensured, the branches and the tips are not penetrated, stacked and covered, and the places where the pests hide and reproduce and the places where the pests reproduce and the diseases reproduce and spread are reduced. The reasonable pruning is also beneficial to the even attachment of the medicine on the tree body. Finally reducing the population of pests and the frequency of disease occurrence.

Releasing natural enemies: it mainly adopts the method of releasing natural enemies in the net room according to a certain rule. When the mouth density of each leaf worm of the red spider is 2 heads, 1 bag (50 heads) of pesticide-resistant neoseiulus persicae is released at the density of every 2 plants in the garden to control the citrus red spider; placing 1 bag of any Hps every 2 in the garden to prevent and control Hps when the plant begins to emerge; 20 orius minutus or 50 thrips taekengi are placed at intervals of 2 plants in the flowering period and the shoot period of the citrus to prevent and treat the thrips.

2. Control group: 2. conventionally managing lemon pest control management: conventionally managing main dangerous pests such as diaphorina citri and whitefly in the lemon garden, as well as citrus red spiders, thrips, leaf miners, ceroplastes, red round cockroaches, mealybugs, tick, dalmatian butterflies, weevils and yellow spiders; the diseases mainly include citrus greening disease, citrus yellow vein disease, citrus sooty mold, citrus scab, citrus canker, gummosis and green algae. The prevention and treatment method mainly adopts chemical prevention and treatment, the pesticide is applied for 20 times per year on average, 4 mu can be sprayed to each person every day, and the dosage per mu is 220 liters. The medicine for preventing and treating citrus red mite is used every time. The commonly used medicaments mainly comprise 200-fold liquid of Hippodamine, 3000-fold liquid of etoxazole, 3000-fold liquid of bifenazate, 1000-fold liquid of abamectin, 1500-fold liquid of ivermectin, 3000-fold liquid of abamectin and spirodiclofen, 3000-fold liquid of spirotetramat, 2000-fold liquid of perchloro-thiamethoxam, 1500-fold liquid of pyridaben and chlorpyrifos, 800-fold liquid of mancozeb, 800-fold liquid of thiophanate-methyl, 800-fold liquid of iprodione and 1000-fold liquid of difenoconazole. In conclusion, compared with the conventional management, the invention not only greatly reduces the medicine taking times, reduces the medicine taking types and the medicine taking amount, realizes the timely and real-time medicine taking, but also releases the labor.

In conclusion, the invention realizes the isolation of external insect sources, indirectly isolates the entrance of dangerous diseases and prolongs the planting life of the citrus by establishing the net room. Through grass growing and cultivation in a garden, different varieties of plants are selected, pests are avoided, places for living, eating and breeding are created for natural enemies, organic matters can be provided, soil is improved, and soil probiotics are increased. By the improved fertilizer and water management and the laying of the medicine pipeline, the growth vigor of lemon plants can be artificially regulated and controlled to produce error season fruits; can realize the prevention in advance, so that the best application time of the biological pesticide can be exerted, and the best effect can be finally achieved, and the diseases and the pests are controlled within the economic threshold; can save water, fertilizer and medicine to the utmost extent, greatly save labor cost and establish excellent ecological systems on trees and in the ground in the net.

By adopting the invention, as the net room, the water and fertilizer integrated pipeline and the medicament pipeline device are built, the investment cost of the medicament is slightly higher in the first year, but the investment is greatly reduced in the following year, 3 ten thousand yuan is required to be invested in each mu in the 1 st year, and the average annual production cost is 5000 yuan/mu in the following. After the method is adopted, the yield per mu of the lemon in the second year is 1 ton, and the high yield period can be reached in the 3 rd year. Because the invention adopts the method of establishing net rooms, planting grass in gardens and atomizing pesticide application in the gardens, and artificially releases the natural enemies of main pests in the gardens, the population density of the pests is low, the self-establishment of an excellent ecological system in the gardens is realized, the biological control on the diseases and pests on the lemons in the gardens is realized, the pesticide application times and the pesticide application amount are greatly reduced, the pesticide application is carried out 6 times in the year 1 year, and the pesticide application cost in the year is 160 yuan/mu; the medicine is applied 8 times a year after the delivery, and the annual medicine application cost is 1500 yuan/mu. The invention adopts a drip irrigation mode to supply water once every 5 days on average, and the fertilizer is supplied according to the following water: the fertilizer is supplied with balanced fertilizer by water belts in a ratio of 1000:1, and by the factors of a net room, grass planting and the like, the young trees are fertilized by 150g per plant per year and watered by 90 liters per plant; applying 16 g of balanced fertilizer of 18:18:18+ ET to each plant of the fruiting tree per year on average; 28 g of high nitrogen fertilizer with 34:10:10+ ET; 22 g of high-phosphorus potassium fertilizer with 6:30:24+ ET. Annual water supply amount is 160 liters per plant per year on average. When the yield of the lemon reaches high yield, the yield per mu can reach 5 tons, and the high-quality fruit rate reaches more than 95 percent. Dangerous diseases are not found in the garden, and the lemon plants are supposed to be put into production for decades without updating.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of (1),

preparing soil: deeply turning and ridging the land mass, and putting decomposed organic fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into the land mass during deep turning;

(II) building a net room: setting steel pipes around the prepared land according to the distance of 6m, transversely placing the steel pipes at the top, and laying a gauze; a shading net is arranged at the joint of the gauze and the steel pipe;

(III) planting and laying drip irrigation tapes:

planting: carrying out whole-net room insecticidal sterilization treatment on net rooms by using a medicament before field planting, carrying out whole-net room insecticidal sterilization treatment on the net rooms by using the medicament before field planting, selecting detoxified seedlings with strong swelling potential as seedlings for field planting 30-45 days after the medicament is used, carrying out centralized insecticidal sterilization treatment on the seedlings on the day of net planting, immediately transferring the plants into the net rooms after medicinal liquor on the plants is dried, planting the seedlings in the middle of ridges during field planting, and timely watering sufficient root fixing water after planting;

laying a drip irrigation tape: carrying out drip irrigation by adopting double pipelines;

(IV) planting grass: broadcasting herba Agastaches, herba Medicaginis, flos Tagetis Erectae and herba astragali Melilotoidis between rows and plants of lemon;

and (V) fertilizer and water management:

and (3) fertilizer and water management in the sapling period: drip irrigation is carried out by adopting double pipelines, and water and fertilizer are supplied simultaneously in the sapling period;

and (3) carrying out fertilizer and water management on fruit trees: applying boron fertilizer before promoting blossom, in a flower bud stage and in a young fruit stage to fruits of each season, wherein the boron fertilizer is applied according to the following ratio: drip irrigation once boron fertilizer with the weight ratio of 1:1000, and averagely, 6 g of boron fertilizer is fed to each plant every year; replenishing calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizers in the fruit expanding period, wherein the calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizers are as follows: drip irrigation with water in the weight ratio of 1:1000, and 6 g of calcium, magnesium and zinc fertilizers are fed to each plant per year on average;

applying a compound fertilizer: applying 22 g of balance fertilizer, 13 g of high-nitrogen fertilizer and 18 g of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizer to each plant all the year round;

watering the fruiting tree;

and (VI) pest and disease management: and (3) pest control and management of the lemon in the net room: performing drug control; laying a medicine tube, and installing an atomizing nozzle on the medicine tube for atomizing and feeding; physical control: reasonably pruning and releasing natural enemies in the garden.

2. The green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by weight before the spring flowers of the lemons germinate: 2 times of drip irrigation with high nitrogen fertilizer for 2 times with the water weight ratio of 2:100, and the interval of the drip irrigation for 2 times is 5 days; and in summer, after the second physiological fruit drop of the lemon spring flowers and fruits is finished, according to the high nitrogen fertilizer: 2 times of drip irrigation of the high nitrogen fertilizer is carried out at the water ratio of 2:100, and the interval of the 2 times of drip irrigation is 7 days; when 5-8 new leaves grow on the branch tips, the fertilizer is used as follows: 2 times of drip irrigation of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizers with water in a ratio of 2:100, wherein the interval of 2 times of drip irrigation is 3 days; after the spring flowers and fruits in autumn are picked, the fertilizer is quickly added: 2 times of drip irrigation of high-phosphorus and high-potassium fertilizers with water in a ratio of 2:100, wherein the interval of 2 times of drip irrigation is 3 days; and when the second physiological fruit drop of the autumn flowers and fruits is finished, according to the fertilizer: 2 times of drip irrigation of the high nitrogen fertilizer is carried out at the water ratio of 1:100, and the interval of the 2 times of drip irrigation is 7 days; fertilizer is added after winter and before flower bud differentiation: drip irrigation for 1 time to balance the fertilizer according to the proportion of 1:100 of water, and then perform fertilizer: 1-time drip irrigation balance fertilizer with water in a ratio of 1:100, and the balance fertilizer is added in the expansion period of the spring flower fruits, the autumn flowers and the winter flowers according to the weight ratio of the fertilizer: the water is 1:1000 in proportion, 5 days and 1 time drip irrigation balance fertilizer are 39 times, 16 g of balance fertilizer, 28 g of high nitrogen fertilizer and 22 g of high phosphorus and high potassium fertilizer are applied to each plant all the year round.

3. The green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the balance fertilizer is 18:18:18+ ET fertilizer; the high-nitrogen fertilizer is 34:10:10+ ET fertilizer; the high-phosphorus high-potassium fertilizer is a 6:30:24+ ET fertilizer.

4. A green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the raw grass planting method comprises the steps of planting marigold and astragalus sinicus in a lemon garden at 5-10 months per year, planting the marigold and the astragalus sinicus in a staggered mode in rows, cutting the astragalus sinicus twice, cutting the marigold and the astragalus sinicus seeds to collect seeds when the marigold and the astragalus sinicus seeds are ripe for 11 months, then planting ageratum thistle and alfalfa, planting the ageratum thistle and alfalfa in a staggered mode in rows, cutting the ageratum thistle and alfalfa seeds for 1 time every month in 12 months, 1 month and 2 months, collecting the seeds after the ageratum thistle and alfalfa seeds are ripe for 4 months, and storing the seeds for 12 months for broadcasting.

5. A green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: preparing soil, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 80cm, thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are placed during deep ploughing, the thoroughly decomposed organic fertilizer and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are mixed uniformly with soil according to the weight ratio of 20:0.1, then ridging is carried out, the ridge height is 20cm, the ridge bottom width is 2m, and the ridge spacing is 2 m.

6. A green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the medicine is applied in a lemon garden in a atomizing mode, 100 times of Xicui liquid, 100 times of Luoyang liquid, 800 times of Bordeaux liquid, 800 times of ethylicin liquid and 500 times of ivermectin liquid are sprayed, the medicine is applied 8 times a year, and the medicine is applied for 1 liter per mu each time.

7. A green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the physical prevention and control is to trim according to the occurrence and reproduction habits of main pests and diseases of the lemon trees, so that the lemon trees are ventilated and transparent, and the branches and tips are not penetrated or covered.

8. A green and economical lemon garden net room cultivation method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: the natural enemies are released by releasing 50 pesticide-resistant small neoseiulus persimilis at the density of 2 red spiders per mouth, releasing 50 plutella xylostella nay apis cerana nay at the interval of 2 red spiders per mouth, releasing 20 plutella xylostella nay or 50 plutella xylostella nay apis nay at the interval of 2 red spiders in the flowering period and the young tip period of the citrus, and controlling thrips.

9. A green and economical method for cultivating lemon in a garden and a net room according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the management of fertilizer and water in the sapling period is that double-pipeline drip irrigation is adopted to supply water once every 2 days on average, and the fertilizer is supplied according to the following water: the fertilizer is 1000:1 and a water band to dip the balanced fertilizer.