CN113016454A - Method for preventing and treating black spot of kiwi fruit - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating black spot of kiwi fruit Download PDFInfo
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- CN113016454A CN113016454A CN202110236436.0A CN202110236436A CN113016454A CN 113016454 A CN113016454 A CN 113016454A CN 202110236436 A CN202110236436 A CN 202110236436A CN 113016454 A CN113016454 A CN 113016454A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pest control, and particularly discloses a method for controlling black spot of kiwi fruit, which mainly comprises the steps of regulating a calcium fertilizer, applying an organic fertilizer, spraying a chemical agent and a protective agent to control the black spot of the kiwi fruit, wherein the chemical agent and the protective agent are 7000 times of diluent of difenoconazole and 1000 times of diluent of mancozeb, and are sprayed on the fruit surface and the leaf surface in the young fruit period for 4-5 times at intervals of 15 days. The invention has obvious effect of preventing black spot of kiwi fruit by matching calcium fertilizer regulation, additional organic fertilizer application, chemical agent spraying and protective agent spraying, and the relative prevention efficiency is up to 91.65%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pest control, and particularly relates to a method for controlling black spot of kiwi fruits.
Background
The kiwi fruit (Actinidia chinensis) is a fruit industry which has unique characteristics and international market competitive advantages after apples are planted in Shaanxi, is also a Shaanxi characteristic superior industry, a Fumin sunrise industry and an internationalized large industry, the planting area reaches 100 ten thousand mu by 2017 years, the yield reaches 138.97 ten thousand tons, and the kiwi fruit accounts for 32% and 55% of the whole country respectively. With the implementation of the scale expansion and quality improvement project of the east-south-shift of kiwi fruits, the planting area of kiwi fruits in the northern foot of Qinling mountain and the shallow mountain area of Qinba reaches 160 ten thousand mu, the industrial position is further improved, and the method plays an important role in increasing the income of farmers in mobile areas and promoting the development of agricultural economy.
In recent years, the planting area of the kiwi fruits is continuously enlarged, particularly, the planting proportion of high-quality emerald green fragrance, slow fragrance and the like is gradually increased, a new disease of the kiwi fruits, namely fruit black spot (commonly called blackhead disease), is caused to be a disaster, the damage is increased year by year, and the effect on the updating of new varieties is great. According to the investigation of the kiwi fruit orchards of Yi, Zhou Zhi Xiang, Xuxiang and the like in Guanzhong Shanxi province in 2017-2018, the average garden disease rate is 85.8%, the fruit disease rate is more than 48.5%, and the early fruit drop rate is 33%. In addition, the infected fruits are easy to rot during low-temperature storage in the later period, the commodity rate is reduced, the shelf life is shortened, and the sales and the economic income of fruit growers are influenced. Therefore, the fruit black spot has become an important biological disaster in the current kiwi fruit production, and the sustainable development of the Shaanxi kiwi fruit industry is seriously influenced. At present, a timely and effective prevention measure for a new disease of black spot of kiwi fruit is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the black spot disease of the kiwi fruit, comprehensive measures such as calcium fertilizer regulation, additional application of organic fertilizer, spraying of chemical agent and protective agent are adopted, and the black spot disease control effect of the kiwi fruit is remarkable.
The first purpose of the invention is a method for preventing and treating black spot of kiwi fruit, which comprises the steps of regulating calcium fertilizer, applying organic fertilizer additionally, spraying chemical agent and protective agent to prevent and treat black spot of kiwi fruit;
the calcium fertilizer is regulated by the following steps: the calcium fertilizer is sugar alcohol chelated calcium, and is sprayed for the first time 1 month before the flowering phase of the kiwi fruits, sprayed for the second time after 20 days, and sprayed for the third time in the young fruit phase;
the organic fertilizer application method comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for fertilization in autumn every year;
the steps of spraying the chemical agent and the protective agent are as follows: the chemical agent and the protective agent are diluent 7000 times of difenoconazole and diluent 1000 times of mancozeb, are sprayed on the surfaces of fruits and leaves in the young fruit period, and are continuously sprayed for 4-5 times at intervals of 15 days each time.
Further, the organic fertilizer is prepared by thoroughly decomposing after mixing farmyard cattle manure, chicken manure, straws and rapeseed oil residues according to the mass ratio of 3:3:1: 1.
Further, the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000-4000 kg/mu.
Further, the fertilization mode of the organic fertilizer is ground broadcasting application or shallow furrow application.
Further, the ground spreading mode is to directly spread the organic fertilizer on the ground surrounding the trees.
The shallow trench planting method specifically comprises the following steps: digging a ditch with the depth of 10-15cm at the periphery of the tree, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and the positive soil, scattering the organic fertilizer and the positive soil into the ditch, and covering the dug negative soil on the ditch, wherein the ditch application method is adopted to avoid damaging the root system as much as possible.
Further, the application amount of the calcium fertilizer sugar alcohol chelated calcium is 190mL of stock solution prepared by diluting 170-fold sugar alcohol chelated calcium per mu of land by 900 times and spraying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. aiming at the black spot of the kiwi fruit, the comprehensive measures of calcium fertilizer regulation, organic fertilizer application, chemical agent spraying, protective agent spraying and the like are adopted, so that the black spot of the kiwi fruit is remarkably prevented, and the method has important significance for inhibiting the spread of the novel disease as early as possible;
2. according to the invention, the difenoconazole 7000 times diluent is compounded with the mancozeb 1000 times diluent for spraying, so that the incidence rate of black spot of kiwi fruit is greatly reduced, the control effect on the black spot of kiwi fruit is improved, and the relative control efficiency is as high as 91.65%.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for preventing and treating black spot of kiwi fruits, which is mainly used for preventing and treating the black spot of kiwi fruits by regulating and applying an organic fertilizer through a calcium fertilizer, spraying a chemical agent and a protective agent;
(1) the calcium fertilizer is regulated specifically as follows: spraying a calcium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of 1 month before the flowering phase of the kiwi fruits, spraying the calcium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the second time after 20 days, and spraying the calcium fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the third time in the young fruit phase (generally, 6 months per year);
the calcium fertilizer is sugar alcohol chelated calcium, and 180mL of stock solution of sugar alcohol chelated calcium is sprayed per mu of land after being diluted by 900 times;
(2) the additional application of the organic fertilizer is specifically as follows: fertilizing organic fertilizer as base fertilizer in autumn every year (generally 9-10 months per year), performing shallow furrow application, namely digging 10-15cm deep inwards at the periphery of a tree, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and the positive soil, scattering the organic fertilizer into a furrow, covering the dug negative soil on the organic fertilizer, adopting a furrow application method to avoid damaging root systems as much as possible, effectively improving soil, increasing nutrients, and improving fruit tree yield and fruit quality by applying the organic fertilizer, not only replacing the effective measure of chemical fertilizer, but also being an important way for improving the utilization rate of soil nutrients;
the organic fertilizer is prepared by thoroughly decomposing after mixing farmyard cow dung, chicken manure, straws and rapeseed oil residues according to the mass ratio of 3:3:1:1, and the application amount is 3500 kg/mu;
(3) spraying a chemical agent and a protective agent: avoiding the time periods of high temperature, strong sunshine and rain, spraying the pesticide on the surfaces of fruits and leaves in the young fruit period (generally 6 months per year), and continuously spraying for 5 times at intervals of 15 days;
the chemical agent and the protective agent are as follows: 7000 times of diluent of difenoconazole is compounded with 1000 times of diluent of mancozeb; the low-toxicity chemical agent is beneficial to emergency and rapid prevention and control of the new disease of the black spot of the kiwi fruit, and effectively prevents the spread of the disease.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for preventing and treating black spot of kiwi fruit, which is basically the same as the embodiment 1, except that:
170mL of stock solution of calcium fertilizer (sugar alcohol chelated calcium) is used per mu of land;
the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 3000 kg/mu, the application method is direct ground broadcasting application, and labor force is saved;
chemical agent and protective agent are continuously sprayed for 4 times.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for preventing and treating black spot of kiwi fruit, which is basically the same as the embodiment 1, except that:
190mL of stock solution of calcium fertilizer (sugar alcohol chelated calcium) is used per mu of land;
the application amount of the organic fertilizer is 4000 kg/mu;
continuously spraying chemical agent and protective agent for 5 times.
Comparative example 1
The method for preventing and controlling the black spot of the kiwi fruit is basically the same as the embodiment, and is characterized in that:
the chemical agent and the protective agent are as follows: the azoxystrobin diluent 1000 times is compounded with mancozeb diluent 1000 times.
Comparative example 2
The method for preventing and controlling the black spot of the kiwi fruit is basically the same as the embodiment, and is characterized in that:
the chemical agent and the protective agent are as follows: 3000 times of diluent of the azolether and the flutolanil is compounded with 1000 times of diluent of the mancozeb.
Comparative example 3
The method for preventing and controlling the black spot of the kiwi fruit is basically the same as the embodiment, and is characterized in that:
the chemical agent and the protective agent are as follows: 0.3% KH2PO4+ 1000-fold diluent of brassin and 1500-fold diluent of pyraclostrobin。
Comparative example 4
The method for preventing and controlling the black spot of the kiwi fruit is basically the same as the embodiment, and is characterized in that:
the chemical agent and the protective agent are as follows: 0.3% KH2PO4+ 1500 times of amino-oligosaccharin diluent and 1500 times of pyraclostrobin diluent to compound 1000 times of mancozeb diluent.
The method of example 1 is compared with the method of examples 1 and comparative examples 1-5 in terms of incidence and relative prevention efficiency of black spot of kiwi fruit by using a blank control (ck) of applying equal amount of water plus protective agent, and the specific process is as follows:
the survey sampling and grading standard refers to pesticide field efficacy test criteria: all kiwi fruits on each tree were investigated and the number of diseased fruits at each level was recorded.
The test fruit grading method comprises the following steps:
level 0: no disease;
level 1: the area of the disease spots accounts for less than 10% of the total area of the fruits;
and 3, level: the area of the disease spots accounts for 11 to 30 percent of the total area of the fruits;
and 5, stage: the area of the disease spots accounts for 31 to 50 percent of the total area of the fruits;
and 7, stage: the area of the disease spot accounts for 51 to 70 percent of the total area of the fruit;
and 9, stage: the area of the disease spots accounts for more than 70 percent of the total area of the fruits;
the results are as follows:
TABLE 1 prevention and control of black spot of kiwi fruit by the method of example 1 of the present invention
| Group of | Incidence (%) | Relative prevention efficiency (%) |
| Example 1 | 1.67 | 91.65 |
| Comparative example 1 | 14.95 | 28.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 30 | 52 |
| Comparative example 3 | 52 | 40 |
| Comparative example 4 | 47.5 | 16 |
| ck | 56 | ― |
As can be seen from the table 1, the method has very obvious effect of preventing and treating the black spot of the kiwi fruit, and the relative prevention effect reaches 91.65%.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preventing and treating black spot of kiwi fruits is characterized by comprising the steps of regulating a calcium fertilizer, applying an organic fertilizer additionally, spraying a chemical agent and a protective agent to prevent and treat the black spot of the kiwi fruits;
the calcium fertilizer is regulated by the following steps: the calcium fertilizer is sugar alcohol chelated calcium, and is sprayed for the first time 1 month before the flowering phase of the kiwi fruits, sprayed for the second time after 20 days, and sprayed for the third time in the young fruit phase;
the organic fertilizer application method comprises the following steps: the organic fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for fertilization in autumn every year;
the steps of spraying the chemical agent and the protective agent are as follows: the chemical agent and the protective agent are diluent 7000 times of difenoconazole and diluent 1000 times of mancozeb, are sprayed on the surfaces of fruits and leaves in the young fruit period, and are continuously sprayed for 4-5 times at intervals of 15 days each time.
2. The method for preventing and treating black spot disease of kiwi fruit according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is prepared by thoroughly decomposing farmyard manure, chicken manure, straw and rapeseed oil residue after mixing according to a mass ratio of 3:3:1: 1.
3. The method for preventing and treating black spot disease of kiwi fruit according to claim 2, wherein the application amount of said organic fertilizer is 3000-4000 kg/mu.
4. The method for controlling black spot disease of kiwi fruit according to claim 3, wherein said organic fertilizer is applied by ground application or shallow furrow application.
5. The method for controlling black spot disease of kiwi fruit according to claim 4, wherein said ground application means is to directly apply organic fertilizer to the ground surrounding the tree.
6. The method for controlling black spot disease of kiwi fruit according to claim 4, wherein said shallow furrow application is specifically: digging a ditch with the depth of 10-15cm at the periphery of the tree, uniformly mixing the organic fertilizer and the positive soil, scattering the organic fertilizer and the positive soil into the ditch, and covering the dug negative soil on the ditch, wherein the ditch application method is adopted to avoid damaging the root system as much as possible.
7. The method for preventing and treating black spot of kiwi fruit according to claim 1, wherein said application amount of calcium fertilizer sugar alcohol chelated calcium is 190mL of stock solution of sugar alcohol chelated calcium 170-190mL per mu of land, and said stock solution is sprayed after diluted 900 times.
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Citations (8)
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| JP2001002502A (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2001-01-09 | Sankei Kagaku Kk | Composition controlling bacterial disease of fruit tree |
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| CN108271772A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-07-13 | 贵阳学院 | A method of using inducer Synthetical prevention Kiwi berry soft rot |
| CN109699362A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-05-03 | 刘海军 | A kind of implantation methods of red kiwifruit |
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2021
- 2021-03-03 CN CN202110236436.0A patent/CN113016454B/en active Active
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| JP2001002502A (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2001-01-09 | Sankei Kagaku Kk | Composition controlling bacterial disease of fruit tree |
| CN103798095A (en) * | 2014-03-06 | 2014-05-21 | 宫银慧 | Pruning-free cultivation method for apple trees |
| CN104145668A (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-11-19 | 塔里木大学 | Integrated control method for black spot disease in close planting jujube orchard |
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| CN109699362A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-05-03 | 刘海军 | A kind of implantation methods of red kiwifruit |
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| CN111316829A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2020-06-23 | 张晓霞 | Kiwi fruit moderate girdling method |
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