CN111316829A - Kiwi fruit moderate girdling method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a kiwi fruit moderate girdling method, which belongs to the technical field of kiwi fruit planting. The invention adjusts the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of trees by proper girdling technology: the growth of the vigorous branches is controlled, the trees are promoted to be strong and strong, the aims of resisting diseases and insect pests, improving the yield and quality and increasing the production benefit are fulfilled; the technology is implemented to achieve the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of trees, and can improve the yield by 4 percent; the fruit quality is improved, and the economic benefit is increased by 40-50%; because the tree vigor is strong and strong in growth, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the prevention and control cost of the plant diseases and the insect pests and the freezing injury is reduced by 30 percent; the pruning cost is reduced by more than 30 percent, and the aim of annual high and stable yield is fulfilled.

Description

Kiwi fruit moderate girdling method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of kiwi fruit planting.

Background

The contradiction between vegetative growth and reproductive growth often occurs in the traditional operation technology of kiwi fruits, the vegetative growth is over-vigorous, the tree growth is vigorous, the yield is low, the overgrowth flower bud differentiation is poor, the vegetative growth is larger than the reproductive growth, the flowering and fruit setting are poor, the reproductive failure of fruit germination, flower dropping and fruit dropping occur, and the flower but not fruit yield is low. Kiwi fruits, also known as kiwifruits, are generally oval in shape, green-brown in early appearance and red-brown in color after ripening, and are edible with dense villi covered on the surface, and inside are bright green pulp and a row of black or red seeds. Because the Chinese gooseberry likes food, the Chinese gooseberry is named; the fruit is also named as a Chinese gooseberry because the peel is coated with the hair, and is fresh and tender in quality, rich in nutrition and delicious in flavor. The kiwi fruits have different requirements on illumination in different growth and development stages. The seedlings are pleased with shade and cool, and are forbidden to be directly irradiated by sunlight, and the adult trees are pleased with sufficient illumination, and belong to plants which are pleased with light and cannot tolerate yin. Under the condition of shading, the kiwi fruits grow badly and can not bear normal fruits, and in the fruit generation stage, if the light is too strong, the sun burn can be caused.

The prior art patent publication No. CN108243830A discloses a new kiwi fruit planting technology, which can solve the problems of poor fruit quality, poor benefit, poor tree disease resistance, serious pest and disease damage, and large material and financial resources investment in management in the existing planting method.

Therefore, the invention of the kiwi fruit moderate girdling method is very necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

The kiwi fruit moderate girdling technical method provided by the invention can solve the problems of poor quality, poor benefit, poor tree disease resistance, serious pest and disease damage and large consumption of material resources and financial resources of the existing planting method, and specifically comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: selecting kiwi fruit seedlings, and selecting kiwi fruit varieties which have good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests, high transplanting survival rate and strong viability for seedling;

step two: selecting a planting field, selecting a zone with sufficient illumination, water source dependence, moderate rainfall and slightly large humidity, loose sandy loam or sandy soil with good ventilation or loose soil rich in humus to construct a garden, planning roads, a drainage and irrigation system, a fertilizer management room and the like after the field is determined, planning ventilation blind ditches of the planting field, selecting a planting field section, carrying out severe pruning in winter, carrying out timely renewal and rejuvenation, repeatedly applying base fertilizer, carrying out timely irrigation, and avoiding dry and wet fruits to prevent fruit cracking;

step three: planting, preparing for building frames for seedling, adopting a flat-top greenhouse frame, and using concrete piles as frame materials to be erected on site;

step four: reasonable fertilizer and water management, wherein the fertilizing amount is determined according to the variety of the kiwi fruits, the planned yield and the soil fertility condition, the 1 st top dressing is applied before germination, and 2kg-2.5kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each plant to enrich spring shoots and fruit bearing trees; 2, applying fruit tree fertilizer or compound fertilizer before the vigorous growth period, digging a shallow trench slightly away from the root to apply the fertilizer and sealing soil because the root of the kiwi fruit is fleshy, so as to avoid burning the root, and watering after applying the fertilizer;

step five: the plant treatment comprises the following specific operations:

the first step is as follows: performing primary girdling, performing girdling on the trunk for more than 60cm from late 4 months to middle 6 months (bud period, fruit setting period and fruit growing period), and performing girdling for 1-2 times by using double-sided scissors to promote fruit bearing and fruit expansion;

the second step is that: performing secondary girdling, namely selecting proper parts on the main tendrils, fruiting mother branches and nutritive branches from the middle ten days of 7 months to the late ten days of 8 months, performing girdling for 1-4 times, winding a circle on the branches by using double-sided scissors, performing 2-3 times according to the growth potential of the branches, and automatically healing and surviving the girdling parts of the branches after 7 days;

the third step: checking the wound healing condition, and performing gauze dressing according to the actual condition, wherein the number of dressing turns can be 3-5 turns;

step six: the planting management comprises the following specific operations:

the first step is as follows: the saplings planted in the current year are firstly cut into plump buds at the base of the plants, then the thickest branches are selected and kept as main stems, and the method of light shearing is implemented, so that the crowns of the saplings can be rapidly expanded in the next year;

the second step is that: after growing for 1 year, the trees enter the juvenile period, and branches and tendrils are uniformly distributed on the frame as much as possible when the trees are cut in winter;

the third step: the pruning of the adult trees is light, short pruning is carried out on fruiting tendrils, 4-5 buds are reserved at the cut, and 4-5 buds are reserved on overgrown tendrils to ensure that the overgrown tendrils germinate new shoots; cutting off 1/3 or 1/2 of the whole length of healthy and strong common nutritional vines to convert the healthy and strong common nutritional vines into fruit mother vines; for long medium fruit vines and overlapped crossed vines, buds are kept for short, 5-6 buds are kept for medium-sized fruit mother vines, and 3-4 buds are kept for weaker mother vines;

step seven: and (3) pest control management: diseases are more serious than prevention, and insects can be treated at the same time; in production management, kiwi fruit disease, such as canker, leaf spot and root rot, which always troubles fruit growers, other diseases occur occasionally, if the tree bodies are strong and the loss caused is not very large, but the diseases must be brought into prevention and treatment measures, insect pests should be prevented and treated synchronously while the tree diseases are prevented and treated, in recent years, the occurrence of small salamanders is reduced, but red spiders, cotton spiders, two spotted spider mites, executive clothes cicadas, stinkbugs, cotton bollworms and scale insects are rampant, and the production of high-quality fruits is greatly influenced.

Preferably, in the second step, the planting area can be planted in hills and mountains with an altitude of 400-1200 m, preferably, gardens are built in hills and mountains with slopes of 10-15 ℃, and preferably, greenhouse frames are used.

Preferably, in the third step, the in-situ raising method is set to raise 1.8-2.0 m, and 10-12 # iron wires are crossed in a crisscross mode to form a # -shaped network, and the distance between the iron wires is 60-62 cm.

Preferably, in the fourth step, the fertilizing amount is set to be 2.5kg-3.0kg of fruit tree fertilizer per plant in the pit slot before planting, a small amount of multiple fertilizing methods are adopted for young trees, then the trees are generally fertilized 3 times-4 times per year, 2 times-3 times of top dressing, the base fertilizer, namely the winter fertilizer, is fertilized after fruit harvesting, 20kg-22kg of organic fertilizer is fertilized for each plant, and 1.5kg-2.0kg of phosphate fertilizer is mixed and fertilized.

Preferably, in the sixth step, the number of the cut plump buds remained in the first step is set to be 3-4.

Preferably, in the sixth step, the number of young shoots in the third step is set to 2-4.

Preferably, in the sixth step, the number of the shoot truncations remaining in the third step is set to be 8-10.

Preferably, in step seven, the number of spraying is set to 2-3.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the kiwi fruit moderate girdling method is widely applied to the technical field of kiwi fruit planting. The invention adjusts the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of trees by proper girdling technology: the growth of the vigorous branches is controlled, the trees are promoted to be strong and strong, the aims of resisting diseases and insect pests, improving the yield and quality and increasing the production benefit are fulfilled, the technology is implemented to achieve the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the trees, and the yield can be improved by 4%; the fruit quality is improved, and the economic benefit is increased by 40-50%; because the tree vigor is strong and strong in growth, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the prevention and control cost of the plant diseases and the insect pests and the freezing injury is reduced by 30 percent; the pruning cost is reduced by more than 30 percent, and the aim of annual high and stable yield is fulfilled.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a kiwi fruit moderate girdling method.

FIG. 2 is a plant treatment flow chart.

Fig. 3 is a flow chart of post-planting management.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

in the figure:

as shown in figure 1

The kiwi fruit moderate girdling method specifically comprises the following steps:

s101: selecting kiwi fruit seedlings, and selecting kiwi fruit varieties which have good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests, high transplanting survival rate and strong viability for seedling;

s102: selecting a planting field, selecting a zone with sufficient illumination, water source dependence, moderate rainfall and slightly large humidity, loose sandy loam or sandy soil with good ventilation or loose soil rich in humus to construct a garden, planning roads, a drainage and irrigation system, a fertilizer management room and the like after the field is determined, planning ventilation blind ditches of the planting field, selecting a planting field section, carrying out severe pruning in winter, carrying out timely renewal and rejuvenation, repeatedly applying base fertilizer, carrying out timely irrigation, and avoiding dry and wet fruits to prevent fruit cracking;

s103: planting, preparing for building frames for seedling, adopting a flat-top greenhouse frame, and using concrete piles as frame materials to be erected on site;

s104: reasonable fertilizer and water management, wherein the fertilizing amount is determined according to the variety of the kiwi fruits, the planned yield and the soil fertility condition, the 1 st top dressing is applied before germination, and 2kg-2.5kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each plant to enrich spring shoots and fruit bearing trees; 2, applying fruit tree fertilizer or compound fertilizer before the vigorous growth period, digging a shallow trench slightly away from the root to apply the fertilizer and sealing soil because the root of the kiwi fruit is fleshy, so as to avoid burning the root, and watering after applying the fertilizer;

s105: plant treatment, as shown in figure 2, the specific operation comprises the following steps:

s501: performing primary girdling, performing girdling on the trunk for more than 60cm from late 4 months to middle 6 months (bud period, fruit setting period and fruit growing period), and performing girdling for 1-2 times by using double-sided scissors to promote fruit bearing and fruit expansion;

s502: performing secondary girdling, namely selecting proper parts on the main tendrils, fruiting mother branches and nutritive branches from the middle ten days of 7 months to the late ten days of 8 months, performing girdling for 1-4 times, winding a circle on the branches by using double-sided scissors, performing 2-3 times according to the growth potential of the branches, and automatically healing and surviving the girdling parts of the branches after 7 days;

s503: checking the wound healing condition, and performing gauze dressing according to the actual condition, wherein the number of dressing turns can be 3-5 turns;

s106: the post-planting management, as shown in fig. 3, specifically comprises the following steps:

s601: the saplings planted in the current year are firstly cut into plump buds at the base of the plants, then the thickest branches are selected and kept as main stems, and the method of light shearing is implemented, so that the crowns of the saplings can be rapidly expanded in the next year;

s602: after growing for 1 year, the trees enter the juvenile period, and branches and tendrils are uniformly distributed on the frame as much as possible when the trees are cut in winter;

s603: the pruning of the adult trees is light, short pruning is carried out on fruiting tendrils, 4-5 buds are reserved at the cut, and 4-5 buds are reserved on overgrown tendrils to ensure that the overgrown tendrils germinate new shoots; cutting off 1/3 or 1/2 of the whole length of healthy and strong common nutritional vines to convert the healthy and strong common nutritional vines into fruit mother vines; for long medium fruit vines and overlapped crossed vines, buds are kept for short, 5-6 buds are kept for medium-sized fruit mother vines, and 3-4 buds are kept for weaker mother vines;

s107: and (3) pest control management: the disease is more important to prevent, the insect can be treated at the same time, in the production management, the kiwi fruit disease which always troubles fruit growers, such as canker, leaf spot and root rot is inferior, other diseases occur occasionally, if the tree body is strong, the caused loss is not very large, but the damage must be brought into prevention and treatment measures, the insect pest also needs to be prevented and treated simultaneously while the tree disease is prevented and treated, in recent years, the occurrence of small salamanders is reduced, but the harm of red spiders, cotton spiders, two-spotted spider mites, class clothing wax hoppers, stink bugs, cotton bollworms and scale insects is rampant, and the production of high-quality fruits is greatly influenced.

Preferably, in S102, a planting field seedling is selected, sandy loam or sandy soil which is convenient to traffic, sufficient in light, reliable in water source, loose and good in ventilation or loose soil rich in humus is selected as a garden building field, and after the field is determined, a road, a drainage and irrigation system, a fertilizer management room and the like are planned.

Preferably, in S103, the in-situ raising method is set to raise 1.8 m to 2.0 m, and 10-12 # iron wires are crossed in a crisscross manner to form a # -shaped network, and the distance between the iron wires is 60cm to 62 cm.

Preferably, in S104, the fertilizing amount is set to be 2.5kg-3.0kg of fruit tree fertilizer per plant in the pit before planting, a small amount of multiple fertilizing methods are adopted for young trees, then the trees are generally fertilized 3 times-4 times per year, 2 times-3 times of top dressing are carried out, the base fertilizer, namely the winter fertilizer, is applied after fruit harvesting, 20kg-22kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant, and 1.5kg-2.0kg of phosphate fertilizer is mixed and applied.

Preferably, in S106, the number of the plump bud truncates remained in S601 is set to be 3-4.

Preferably, in S106, the number of young shoots in S603 is set to 2-4.

Preferably, in S106, the number of the shoot truncations in S603 is set to be 8-10.

Preferably, in S107, the number of spraying is set to 2-3.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiment

1. Selecting a kiwi fruit variety which has good growth vigor, no plant diseases and insect pests, high transplanting survival rate and strong viability for seedling culture;

2. selecting a planting field, selecting a zone with sufficient illumination, water source dependence, moderate rainfall and slightly large humidity, loose sandy loam or sandy soil with good ventilation or loose soil rich in humus to construct a garden, planning roads, a drainage and irrigation system, a fertilizer management room and the like after the field is determined, planning ventilation blind ditches of the planting field, selecting a planting field section, carrying out severe pruning in winter, carrying out timely renewal and rejuvenation, repeatedly applying base fertilizer, carrying out timely irrigation, and avoiding dry and wet fruits to prevent fruit cracking;

3. planting, preparing for building frames for seedling, adopting a flat-top greenhouse frame, and using concrete piles as frame materials to be erected on site;

4. reasonable fertilizer and water management, wherein the fertilizing amount is determined according to the variety of the kiwi fruits, the planned yield and the soil fertility condition, the 1 st top dressing is applied before germination, and 2kg-2.5kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each plant to enrich spring shoots and fruit bearing trees; 2, applying fruit tree fertilizer or compound fertilizer before the vigorous growth period, digging a shallow trench slightly away from the root to apply the fertilizer and sealing soil because the root of the kiwi fruit is fleshy, so as to avoid burning the root, and watering after applying the fertilizer;

5. the plant treatment comprises the following specific operations:

the first step is as follows: performing primary girdling, performing girdling on the trunk for more than 60cm from late 4 months to middle 6 months (bud period, fruit setting period and fruit growing period), and performing girdling for 1-2 times by using double-sided scissors to promote fruit bearing and fruit expansion;

the second step is that: performing secondary girdling, namely selecting proper parts on the main tendrils, fruiting mother branches and nutritive branches from the middle ten days of 7 months to the late ten days of 8 months, performing girdling for 1-4 times, winding a circle on the branches by using double-sided scissors, performing 2-3 times according to the growth potential of the branches, and automatically healing and surviving the girdling parts of the branches after 7 days;

the third step: checking the wound healing condition, and performing gauze dressing according to the actual condition, wherein the number of dressing turns can be 3-5 turns;

6. the method comprises the following specific operations of planting management after planting:

the first step is as follows: the saplings planted in the current year are firstly cut into plump buds at the base of the plants, then the thickest branches are selected and kept as main stems, and the method of light shearing is implemented, so that the crowns of the saplings can be rapidly expanded in the next year;

the second step is that: after growing for 1 year, the trees enter the juvenile period, and branches and tendrils are uniformly distributed on the frame as much as possible when the trees are cut in winter;

the third step: the pruning of the adult trees is light, short pruning is carried out on fruiting tendrils, 4-5 buds are reserved at the cut, and 4-5 buds are reserved on overgrown tendrils to ensure that the overgrown tendrils germinate new shoots; cutting off 1/3 or 1/2 of the whole length of healthy and strong common nutritional vines to convert the healthy and strong common nutritional vines into fruit mother vines; for long medium fruit vines and overlapped crossed vines, buds are kept for short, 5-6 buds are kept for medium-sized fruit mother vines, and 3-4 buds are kept for weaker mother vines;

7. and (3) pest control management: the disease is more important to prevent, the insect can be treated at the same time, in the production management, the kiwi fruit disease which always troubles fruit growers, such as canker, leaf spot and root rot is inferior, other diseases occur occasionally, if the tree body is strong, the caused loss is not very large, but the damage must be brought into prevention and treatment measures, the insect pest also needs to be prevented and treated simultaneously while the tree disease is prevented and treated, in recent years, the occurrence of small salamanders is reduced, but the harm of red spiders, cotton spiders, two-spotted spider mites, class clothing wax hoppers, stink bugs, cotton bollworms and scale insects is rampant, and the production of high-quality fruits is greatly influenced.

The technical solutions of the present invention or similar technical solutions designed by those skilled in the art based on the teachings of the technical solutions of the present invention are all within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. The moderate girdling method of the kiwi fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: selecting kiwi fruit seedlings, and selecting kiwi fruit varieties with good growth vigor, no damage, tall and straight branches, higher transplanting survival rate and stronger survival ability for seedling;

step two: selecting planting field seedlings, selecting sandy loam or sandy soil which is convenient to traffic, sufficient in illumination, depends on a water source and is loose and good in ventilation, or loose soil rich in humus as a garden building field, and planning roads, a drainage and irrigation system, a fertilizer management room and the like after the field is determined;

step three: planting, preparing for building frames for seedling, adopting a flat-top greenhouse frame, and using concrete piles as frame materials to be erected on site;

step four: reasonable fertilizer and water management, wherein the fertilizing amount is determined according to the variety of the kiwi fruits, the planned yield and the soil fertility condition, the 1 st top dressing is applied before germination, and 2kg-2.5kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each plant to enrich spring shoots and fruit bearing trees; 2, applying fruit tree fertilizer or compound fertilizer before the vigorous growth period, digging a shallow trench slightly away from the root to apply the fertilizer and sealing soil because the root of the kiwi fruit is fleshy, so as to avoid burning the root, and watering after applying the fertilizer;

step five: the plant treatment comprises the following specific operations:

the first step is as follows: performing primary girdling, performing girdling on the trunk for more than 60cm from late 4 months to middle 6 months (bud period, fruit setting period and fruit growing period), and performing girdling for 1-2 times by using double-sided scissors to promote fruit bearing and fruit expansion;

the second step is that: performing secondary girdling, namely selecting proper parts on the main tendrils, fruiting mother branches and nutritive branches from the middle ten days of 7 months to the late ten days of 8 months, performing girdling for 1-4 times, winding a circle on the branches by using double-sided scissors, performing 2-3 times according to the growth potential of the branches, and automatically healing and surviving the girdling parts of the branches after 7 days;

the third step: checking the wound healing condition, and performing gauze dressing according to the actual condition, wherein the number of dressing turns can be 3-5 turns;

step six: the planting management comprises the following specific operations:

the first step is as follows: the saplings planted in the current year are firstly cut into plump buds at the base of the plants, then the thickest branches are selected and kept as main stems, and the method of light shearing is implemented, so that the crowns of the saplings can be rapidly expanded in the next year;

the second step is that: after growing for 1 year, the trees enter the juvenile period, and branches and tendrils are uniformly distributed on the frame as much as possible when the trees are cut in winter;

the third step: the pruning of the adult trees is light, short pruning is carried out on fruiting tendrils, 4-5 buds are reserved at the cut, and 4-5 buds are reserved on overgrown tendrils to ensure that the overgrown tendrils germinate new shoots; cutting off 1/3 or 1/2 of the whole length of healthy and strong common nutritional vines to convert the healthy and strong common nutritional vines into fruit mother vines; for long medium fruit vines and overlapped crossed vines, buds are kept for short, 5-6 buds are kept for medium-sized fruit mother vines, and 3-4 buds are kept for weaker mother vines;

step seven: and (3) pest control management: the disease is more serious than prevention, and the insects can be treated at the same time.

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