CN113366985A - Cutting device and method for promoting fallen leaves to loosen flowers and fruit - Google Patents

Cutting device and method for promoting fallen leaves to loosen flowers and fruit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113366985A
CN113366985A CN202110644684.9A CN202110644684A CN113366985A CN 113366985 A CN113366985 A CN 113366985A CN 202110644684 A CN202110644684 A CN 202110644684A CN 113366985 A CN113366985 A CN 113366985A
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China
Prior art keywords
girdling
shaped soft
belt
cutting
soft belt
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Inventor
张鸿景
刘建婷
党磊
代剑峰
张宝祥
张二亮
陈永军
周立峰
刘帅
程诗惠
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Hebei Academy Of Forestry And Grassland Sciences
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Hebei Academy Of Forestry And Grassland Sciences
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Priority to CN202110644684.9A priority Critical patent/CN113366985A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G3/00Cutting implements specially adapted for horticultural purposes; Delimbing standing trees
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding, and provides a cutting device, which comprises: one end of the strip-shaped soft belt is provided with a limiting device, the limiting device is used for fixing the strip-shaped soft belt on a trunk, the other end of the strip-shaped soft belt is used for being connected with the limiting device, and a tension sensor is arranged on the strip-shaped soft belt; the cutter holder is arranged on the belt-shaped soft belt in a sliding manner; and the cutting knife sets up on the blade holder, solved among the prior art that the pine trunk of fallen leaves is mostly irregular form, and the difficult easy cutting knife contact in position needs to carry out the problem of secondary cutting a bit.

Description

Cutting device and method for promoting fallen leaves to loosen flowers and fruit
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant breeding, in particular to a cutting device and a method for promoting defoliation, loosening and flower setting.
Background
In recent years, China highly pays attention to environmental protection work, returning to forest and grass and other beneficial measures to play an important role in protecting the environment; the larch is a common greening tree species, is relatively simple to plant and has higher survival rate, but needs more seeds for planting, but the amount of the naturally flowering and fruiting seeds in the production and development process of the existing larch is less, the cultivated seedlings are not enough to meet the requirement of planting, ring cutting is a flower and fruit promoting and protecting technology which is quite common in the production of economic forests, particularly fruit trees, and the ring cutting can effectively inhibit vegetative growth, promote reproductive growth and improve fruit setting rate and fruit yield; the principle is that organic matters produced by photosynthesis of leaves are temporarily hindered from being transported to roots through cortex, so that nutrition is accumulated on branches and buds, flower bud formation is promoted, flower quantity is increased, flower and fruit dropping is reduced, or the vegetative growth period of young trees is shortened, fruiting is advanced, and yield of trees growing vigorously and in vain is increased; and the girdling sword of adoption is mostly arc structure scissors, presss from both sides tight back rotation handle of a knife with the trunk and cuts, but the trunk is mostly irregular form, and the difficult cutting knife contact in position needs to carry out the secondary cutting a bit.
Therefore, at present, those skilled in the art need to design a cutting device and a method for promoting the loosening and the fructification of fallen leaves, so that the fallen leaves are cut and formed at one time during the ring cutting, the secondary cutting is avoided, and the loosening and the fructification of the fallen leaves are promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for promoting leaf fall to loosen and flower to be firm, and solves the problems that in the prior art, the trunk of a larch is mostly irregular, and parts are not easy to be contacted by a cutting knife and need to be cut for the second time.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a cutting device, comprising:
the strip-shaped soft belt is wound on the trunk;
the limiting device is arranged at one end of the strip-shaped soft belt and is used for being arranged on the trunk;
the connecting piece is arranged at the other end of the strip-shaped soft belt and is used for being connected with the limiting device;
the cutter holder is arranged on the belt-shaped soft belt in a sliding manner; and
and the cutting knife is arranged on the knife holder.
The blade holder includes:
the strip-shaped soft belt penetrates through the guide hole;
one end of the cutting knife is arranged in the mounting groove, and the bottom surface of the mounting groove is parallel to the strip-shaped soft belt; and
the knife adjusting units are located on two sides of the mounting groove and used for adjusting an included angle between the knife face of the cutting knife and the trunk.
The cutting knife has erection column one and erection column two, the equal symmetry of erection column one and erection column two is provided with the group, the knife adjustment unit includes:
at least one positioning hole is arranged, the positioning holes are symmetrically arranged at two ends in the groove of the mounting groove, and the positioning holes are used for mounting the first mounting column and the second mounting column
And the adjusting holes are used for installing the second mounting columns, and the distance between the adjusting holes and the positioning holes is equal to the distance between the first mounting columns and the second mounting columns.
The stop device includes:
the limiting seat is arranged at one end of the strip-shaped soft belt;
the clamping needle is arranged on the limiting seat, is perpendicular to the belt surface of the belt-shaped soft belt and is used for being inserted into a trunk to be fixed;
the winding drum is rotatably arranged on the limiting seat and is connected with the other end of the strip-shaped soft belt;
the motor is used for driving the winding drum to wind or unwind; and
the tensile force sensor is arranged on the strip-shaped soft belt and converts tensile force signals into electric signals to be transmitted to the motor, and the motor rotates forwards or backwards according to the electric signals.
A method of promoting defoliation, flower set loosening, comprising the steps of:
s1, topdressing in winter, and fertilizing at the root of the larch from 12 months in winter to 1 month in the next year;
s2, selecting larch, and selecting a parent tree with vigorous growth in the period of 4-6 months, wherein the breast diameter of the parent tree is 12-15 cm;
s3, performing girdling, namely determining a girdling position on a trunk 20-100 cm away from the ground, and cutting barks by using the girdling device;
s4, protection, wherein after the girdling is finished, a barrier agent is coated on the cut surface of the bark, and a plurality of circles of plastic films are wound at the cutting position;
and S5, checking, wherein after the protection is finished, the ring-cut larch is checked every 5 days to ensure that the pine needle grows well.
Preferably, in the winter topdressing process, the adopted fertilizer comprises nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and sodium, wherein the nitrogen content accounts for 30-40%, the phosphorus content accounts for 40-55%, the potassium content accounts for 10-30%, the zinc content accounts for 3-5%, and the sodium content accounts for 1-5%.
Preferably, carry out 1 ~ 3 ring cuts in the ring cut, it is adjacent distance between the ring cut is 25 ~ 35cm, the ring cut is incomplete ring, the ring cut has the breach, and is adjacent the contained angle between breach and the trunk is more than 45.
Preferably, the blocking agent comprises lime, lime sulphur and at least two of them.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) fixing a limiting device at the girdling position of the trunk, and then connecting the other end of the strip-shaped soft belt with the limiting device to form a retractable annular belt, wherein the limiting device adjusts and controls the annular belt to be retracted and extended, so that the cutting knife is always in close contact with the trunk, the trunk is prevented from being irregularly and freely cut, incomplete girdling is formed in one step, and secondary cutting is avoided;
(2) in the processes of topdressing, larch selection, girdling, protection and inspection in winter, when the diameter of a tree is 12-15 cm, 2 times of girdling is selected, and the girdling width is 3.5cm, the flowering and fruiting quantity of female flowers is greatly increased, the annual average yield of the first four years can be increased by 298.9%, and the flowering and fruiting effects are obvious.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view of the structure of the present invention about a tree trunk;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the tool holder and the cutting blade according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a side view of the tool holder and cutting blade of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the device comprises a strip-shaped soft belt, 2, a limiting device, 3, a cutter holder, 4, a cutting knife, 5, a guide hole, 6, an installation groove, 7, a knife adjusting unit, 8, a first installation column, 9, a second installation column, 10, a positioning hole, 11, an adjusting hole, 12, a limiting seat, 13, a clamping needle, 14, a winding drum, 15, a pair roller, 16, a tension sensor, 17, a connecting piece, 18 and a motor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any inventive step, are intended to be within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a cutting apparatus includes: the belt-shaped soft belt 1 is wound on the trunk; the limiting device 2 is arranged at one end of the strip-shaped soft belt 1, and the limiting device 2 is used for being arranged on a trunk; the connecting piece 17 is arranged at the other end of the strip-shaped soft belt 1, and the connecting piece 17 is used for being connected with the limiting device 2; the cutter holder 3 is arranged on the belt-shaped soft belt 1 in a sliding manner; and a cutting knife 4 arranged on the knife holder 3.
In this embodiment, fix stop device 2 at the girdling position of trunk, then be connected the connecting piece 17 and stop device 2 of the other end of banded soft area 1, form a collapsible clitellum, wherein blade holder 3 and cutting knife 4 are located between clitellum and the trunk in proper order, blade holder 3 drives cutting knife 4 and removes along the clitellum, pulling force inductor 16 on the clitellum transmits the pulling force that the clitellum received to stop device 2, stop device 2 regulation control clitellum receive and releases, cutting knife 4 that makes is all the time with trunk in close contact with, avoid the trunk irregular and empty cutting, make incomplete girdling one shot forming, avoid the secondary cutting.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the holder 3 includes: the guide hole 5 is penetrated by the belt-shaped soft belt 1; one end of the cutting knife 4 is arranged in the mounting groove 6, and the bottom surface of the mounting groove 6 is parallel to the strip-shaped soft belt 1; and the knife adjusting units 7 are positioned on two sides of the mounting groove 6, and the knife adjusting units 7 are used for adjusting the included angle between the knife surface of the cutting knife 4 and the trunk.
In the embodiment, the strip-shaped soft belt 1 passes through the guide hole 5, so that the cutter holder 3 moves along the strip-shaped soft belt 1, the pair of rollers 15 are arranged in the guide hole 5, the pair of rollers 15 are rotatably arranged on the cutter holder 3, the pair of rollers 15 are positioned at two sides of the strip-shaped soft belt 1, and the motor drives the pair of rollers 15 to rotate oppositely, so that the cutter holder 3 relatively moves along the strip-shaped soft belt 1; the cutting edge of cutting knife 4 is towards the trunk, through the contained angle between 7 adjustment cutting edges of accent sword unit and the trunk, makes the degree of depth of cutting edge the same with the degree of depth of bark, cuts the tree heart when avoiding the cutting, produces great resistance, influences the cutting operation of cutting knife 4.
As shown in fig. 3 to 4, the cutting knife 4 has a first mounting post 8 and a second mounting post 9, the first mounting post 8 and the second mounting post 9 are symmetrically provided with 2 sets, and the knife adjustment unit 7 includes: at least 2 positioning holes 10 are formed, the positioning holes 10 are symmetrically formed in two ends of the groove of the mounting groove 6, and the positioning holes 10 are used for mounting the first mounting column 8; and the adjusting holes 11 are provided with a plurality of adjusting holes 11, the adjusting holes 11 are used for installing the second mounting columns 9, and the distance between the adjusting holes 11 and the positioning holes 10 is equal to the distance between the first mounting columns 8 and the second mounting columns 9.
In this embodiment, an erection column 8 and an erection column two 9 are used for with cutting knife 4 fixed mounting on blade holder 3, and in the positioning hole 10 was advanced in the grafting of an erection column 8, in the corresponding regulation hole 11 was advanced in the grafting of an erection column two 9, when an erection column two 9 injected the regulation hole 11 of different positions, made the contained angle between cutting edge and the trunk obtain changing, for the ease of the installation, blade holder 3 components of a whole that can function independently symmetry sets up to blade holder one and blade holder two, the installation adjustment cutting knife 4 of being convenient for.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the stopper device 2 includes: the limiting seat 12 is arranged at one end of the strip-shaped soft belt 1; the clamping needle 13 is arranged on the limiting seat 12, the clamping needle 13 is perpendicular to the belt surface of the belt-shaped soft belt 1, and the clamping needle 13 is used for being inserted into a trunk to be fixed; the winding drum 14 is rotatably arranged on the limiting seat 12 and is connected with the other end of the belt-shaped soft belt 1; a motor 18 for driving the winding drum 14 to wind or unwind; and the tension sensor 16 is arranged on the belt-shaped soft belt 1, the tension sensor 16 converts tension signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the motor 18, and the motor 18 rotates forwards or backwards according to the electric signals.
In this embodiment, one end of the clamp pin 13 is connected to the limiting seat 12, and the other end is used for being inserted into a trunk, so as to fix the limiting seat 12 on the trunk; after the card needle 13 is fixed on the trunk, connect the connecting piece 17 of the other end of banded soft area 1 in the take-up reel 14 by-pass the trunk, the pulling force that pulling force inductor 16 received the soft area is converted into the controller that signal of telecommunication transmitted for motor 18, the controller sends signal of telecommunication control motor 18 corotation or reversal, motor 18 drives take-up reel 14 and carries out the reel or put a section of thick bamboo, guarantee that the tensile force of soft area is moderate, make cutting knife 4 contact with the trunk all the time, avoid the secondary cutting to cause the damage to the trunk, the survival rate of the pine of falling leaves of using this cutting device girdling reaches 95.6%.
A method of promoting defoliation, flower set loosening, comprising the steps of:
s1, topdressing in winter, and fertilizing at the root of the larch from 12 months in winter to 1 month in the next year; the larch is North China larch, and the growth condition of the larch is greatly lower than that of Japanese larch in the same age state; fertilizers adopted for topdressing in winter comprise nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and sodium, and the larch is maintained to provide sufficient nutrient substances and promote the growth and luxuriance of the larch;
s2, selecting larch, and selecting a parent tree with vigorous growth in the period of 4-6 months, wherein the breast diameter of the parent tree is 12-15 cm; the selected trees are ensured to be proper, the survival rate after girdling is ensured, the breast-height diameter of the parent tree ensures the tree age of the trees, and the death of the trees caused by mis-selection of young trees is avoided;
s3, performing girdling, namely determining a girdling position on a trunk 20-100 cm away from the ground, cutting the bark by using the girdling device, performing 1-3 girdling in the girdling, wherein the girdling is an incomplete ring, the girdling is provided with notches, and an included angle between each adjacent notch and the trunk is more than 45 degrees, so that nutrient components generated by photosynthesis are prevented from directly flowing to roots along a vertical straight line connecting notch, the nutrient components are spirally conveyed at the girdling position, the conveying width is reduced, the conveying of nutrient substances generated by photosynthesis to roots is reduced, and the nutrient substances flow to the trunks and branches and leaves, and the flowering and fruiting are promoted;
s4, protecting, namely coating a blocking agent on the cut surface of the bark after the girdling is finished, and winding a plurality of circles of plastic films at the cutting position, wherein the blocking agent comprises lime, lime and lime-sulfur mixture and at least two of the lime, the lime and the lime-sulfur mixture, the blocking agent protects the cutting surface from being damaged by insects, and the girdling part of the larch is prevented from being damaged;
and S5, checking, wherein after the protection is finished, the ring-cut larch is checked every 5 days to ensure that the pine needle grows well.
Experimental data and results:
performing girdling on larch with different tracks and different widths, manually counting the flowering amount of female flowers in each year after girdling, recording and storing to obtain data:
experimental example 1: performing the above operation steps, performing ring cutting for 1 pass, wherein the ring cutting width is 3.5 cm;
experimental example 2: performing the above operation steps, performing ring cutting for 2 times, wherein the ring cutting width is 0.5 cm;
experimental example 3: performing the above operation steps, performing ring cutting for 3 times, wherein the ring cutting width is 1.5 cm;
experimental example 4: performing the above operation steps, performing ring cutting for 1 time, wherein the ring cutting width is 2.5 cm;
experimental example 5: performing the operation steps, performing ring cutting for 2 times, wherein the ring cutting width is 1.5 cm;
experimental example 6: performing the above operation steps, performing ring cutting for 3 times, wherein the ring cutting width is 0.5 cm;
experimental example 7: performing the above operation steps, performing ring cutting for 1 time, wherein the ring cutting width is 0.5 cm;
experimental example 8: performing the operation steps, performing ring cutting for 2 times, wherein the ring cutting width is 3.5 cm;
experimental example 9: performing the above operation steps, performing ring cutting for 3 times, wherein the ring cutting width is 2.5 cm;
comparative example 1: no ring cutting;
comparative example 2: no ring cutting;
comparative example 3: no ring cutting;
the ring cutting tracks are the same in number, and the ring cutting widths are different: between examples 1, 4, 7, between examples 2, 5, 8 and between examples 3, 6, 9; the ring cutting tracks are different in number, and the ring cutting widths are the same as: between examples 1 and 8, between examples 2, 6 and 7, between examples 3 and 5, and between examples 4 and 9.
Table one: average female flower amount in each treatment in each year
Figure BDA0003108664870000071
Experimental data female flower amount of each mother tree was investigated plant by plant in the current girdling year and the first, second and third years after girdling, and range and variance analyses were performed, and the first, second and third girdling groups were replaced with arabic numerals 1, 2 and 3, respectively.
Table two: female flower quantity range analysis table after girdling
Figure BDA0003108664870000072
The level of gain in female flower volume was calculated separately for the number of girth cuts, ignoring the effect of processing time.
Table three: number of female flowers in different girdling tracks
Figure BDA0003108664870000073
Looking at table two, data analysis shows that (1) girdling has no influence on the female flower quantity of the mother tree in the current year; in the next year of girdling, the difference of the female flower quantity of each treated mother tree is not obvious.
(2) Unlike fruit trees and Japanese larch, the effect of girdling on the female flower quantity of North China larch is mainly shown not in the second year, but in the third and fourth years of girdling, and the effect is greatest in the third year.
(3) In the third year, the number and the width of girdling are the two most important influence factors, the girdling is positively correlated with the amount of female flowers, when the diameter of a tree is 12-15 cm, 2 girdling ways are selected, and the girdling width is 3.5cm, so that the flowering and fruiting amount of the female flowers is greatly increased, the annual average yield in the first four years can be increased by 298.9%, and the flowering and fruiting effects are obvious; the maximum annual gain can be increased by 1527.8 percent, the annual average gain is 366.3 percent, the commercial value is obvious, and great success is achieved.
(4) In the fourth year, the girdling width is a main influence factor, and the girdling influence time is positively correlated with the width; presumably, after the girdling site healed, there is substantially no effect.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A cutting device, comprising:
the belt-shaped soft belt (1) is wound on the trunk;
the limiting device (2) is arranged at one end of the strip-shaped soft belt (1), and the limiting device (2) is used for being arranged on a trunk;
the connecting piece (17) is arranged at the other end of the strip-shaped soft belt (1), and the connecting piece (17) is used for being connected with the limiting device (2);
the cutter holder (3) is arranged on the belt-shaped soft belt (1) in a sliding manner; and
and the cutting knife (4) is arranged on the knife holder (3).
2. A cutting device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the seat (3) comprises:
the guide hole (5) is penetrated by the belt-shaped soft belt (1);
one end of the cutting knife (4) is arranged in the mounting groove (6), and the bottom surface of the mounting groove (6) is parallel to the strip-shaped soft belt (1); and
the knife adjusting unit (7) is located on two sides of the mounting groove (6), and the knife adjusting unit (7) is used for adjusting an included angle between the knife face of the cutting knife (4) and the trunk.
3. A cutting device according to claim 2, wherein the cutting knife (4) has a first mounting column (8) and a second mounting column (9), the first mounting column (8) and the second mounting column (9) are symmetrically provided with 2 sets, and the knife adjustment unit (7) comprises:
at least 2 positioning holes (10) are arranged, the positioning holes (10) are symmetrically arranged at two ends in the groove of the mounting groove (6), and the positioning holes (10) are used for mounting the first mounting column (8); and
the adjusting hole (11) is provided with a plurality of adjusting holes (11) used for installing the second mounting column (9), and the distance between the adjusting hole (11) and the positioning hole (10) is equal to the distance between the first mounting column (8) and the second mounting column (9).
4. A cutting device according to claim 1, characterized in that said stop means (2) comprise:
the limiting seat (12) is arranged at one end of the strip-shaped soft belt (1);
the clamping needle (13) is arranged on the limiting seat (12), the clamping needle (13) is perpendicular to the belt surface of the belt-shaped soft belt (1), and the clamping needle (13) is used for being inserted into a trunk to be fixed;
the winding drum (14) is rotatably arranged on the limiting seat (12) and is connected with the other end of the strip-shaped soft belt (1);
the motor (18) is used for driving the winding drum (14) to wind or unwind; and
the tension sensor (16) is arranged on the strip-shaped soft belt (1), the tension sensor (16) converts tension signals into electric signals and transmits the electric signals to the motor (18), and the motor (18) rotates forwards or backwards according to the electric signals.
5. A method for promoting defoliation, loosening and flower setting, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, topdressing in winter, and fertilizing at the root of the larch from 12 months in winter to 1 month in the next year;
s2, selecting larch, and selecting a parent tree with vigorous growth in the next 4-6 months, wherein the breast diameter of the parent tree is 12-15 cm;
s3, performing girdling, namely determining a girdling position on a trunk 20-100 cm away from the ground, and cutting barks by using the girdling device;
s4, protection, wherein after the girdling is finished, a barrier agent is coated on the cut surface of the bark, and a plurality of circles of plastic films are wound at the cutting position;
and S5, checking, wherein after the protection is finished, the ring-cut larch is checked every 5 days to ensure that the pine needle grows well.
6. The method for promoting defoliation, loosening and flower setting according to claim 5, wherein during the winter top dressing, fertilizers including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and sodium are used, the nitrogen content is 30% -40%, the phosphorus content is 40% -55%, the potassium content is 10% -30%, the zinc content is 3% -5%, and the sodium content is 1% -5%.
7. The method for promoting foliage loosening and flower setting according to claim 5, wherein 1-3 girdling cuts are performed in the girdling process, the width of the girdling cut is 1-4 cm, the distance between adjacent girdling cuts is 25-35 cm, the girdling cut is an incomplete ring, the girdling cut is provided with a notch, and the included angle between the adjacent notch and the vertical direction is more than 45 degrees.
8. The method of claim 5, wherein the blocking agent comprises lime, lime sulphur and at least two of lime, lime sulphur and lime sulphur.
CN202110644684.9A 2021-06-09 2021-06-09 Cutting device and method for promoting fallen leaves to loosen flowers and fruit Pending CN113366985A (en)

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王育新等: ""适时环剥对华北落叶松种子园中壮龄母树生长量及结实量的影响"", 《河北林业科技》 *

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