CN111567304A - Method for effectively improving survival rate of blueberry in waterlogged water - Google Patents
Method for effectively improving survival rate of blueberry in waterlogged water Download PDFInfo
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- CN111567304A CN111567304A CN202010455662.3A CN202010455662A CN111567304A CN 111567304 A CN111567304 A CN 111567304A CN 202010455662 A CN202010455662 A CN 202010455662A CN 111567304 A CN111567304 A CN 111567304A
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- 235000017537 Vaccinium myrtillus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 235000003095 Vaccinium corymbosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000021014 blueberries Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 240000000851 Vaccinium corymbosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract 15
- 241000993411 Myoporum insulare Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000005068 transpiration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000078534 Vaccinium myrtillus Species 0.000 description 26
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208422 Rhododendron Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000012511 Vaccinium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000736767 Vaccinium Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004099 anaerobic respiration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930002877 anthocyanin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000010208 anthocyanin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004410 anthocyanin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004636 anthocyanins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
- A01G13/20—Protective coverings for plants
- A01G13/21—Protective coverings for plants providing overhead protection, i.e. canopies
- A01G13/22—Protective coverings for plants providing overhead protection, i.e. canopies for individual plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及蓝莓种植技术领域，具体涉及一种有效提高蓝莓渍水后成活率的方法。The invention relates to the technical field of blueberry planting, in particular to a method for effectively improving the survival rate of blueberries after waterlogging.
背景技术Background technique
蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)为杜鹃花科越橘属的落叶灌木，果实中富含花色素苷和维生素等，具有较高的营养和保健价值。长江中下游地区在6-7月经常暴雨，导致土壤相对含水率过高、通气量降低、氧气严重不足，迫使蓝莓根系进行无氧呼吸从而产生大量的酒精，抑制根系生长，严重时会致使根系严重受损。而且梅雨季节过后气温急剧上升，引起蓝莓叶片的蒸腾加剧，但脆弱受损的根系吸水能力下降，不能满足叶片蒸腾的需求，导致叶片及植株萎蔫，进而引发蓝莓整株死亡。Blueberry (Vaccinium spp.) is a deciduous shrub of the genus bilberry in the Rhododendron family. The fruit is rich in anthocyanins and vitamins, and has high nutritional and health value. In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, there are frequent heavy rains from June to July, resulting in high relative soil moisture content, reduced ventilation, and serious lack of oxygen, forcing blueberry roots to perform anaerobic respiration, resulting in a large amount of alcohol, inhibiting root growth, and in severe cases. severely damaged. Moreover, after the rainy season, the temperature rises sharply, causing the transpiration of blueberry leaves to intensify, but the weak and damaged root system has a reduced water absorption capacity, which cannot meet the needs of leaf transpiration, resulting in wilting of leaves and plants, which in turn leads to the death of the entire blueberry plant.
目前，对于长期水淹的蓝莓树，生产中常采取的措施为排水降湿、叶面喷肥、防治根腐、换树等，这些措施操作繁琐、成本高昂，还极可能影响当年产量，达不到良好的效果。At present, for blueberry trees that have been flooded for a long time, the measures often taken in production are drainage and dehumidification, foliar spraying, root rot prevention, tree replacement, etc. These measures are cumbersome and expensive, and may also affect the output of the year. to good effect.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种有效提高蓝莓渍水后成活率的方法，应用于受过涝害的蓝莓园，可以通过简单的措施促使蓝莓树势恢复，提高蓝莓成活率。In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a method for effectively improving the survival rate of blueberries after waterlogging, which can be applied to blueberry gardens that have been damaged by waterlogging, and can promote the recovery of blueberry tree vigor and improve the survival rate of blueberries through simple measures.
为实现上述技术目的，达到上述技术效果，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：In order to realize the above-mentioned technical purpose and achieve the above-mentioned technical effect, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
一种有效提高蓝莓渍水后成活率的方法，包括如下步骤：A method for effectively improving the survival rate of blueberries after being soaked in water, comprising the following steps:
(1)确定时间(1) Determine the time
根据天气预报及往年气象数据，并结合田间实地观察，确定长期降雨结束的时间，以及大幅度升温的时间；According to the weather forecast and meteorological data of previous years, combined with field observations, determine the time for the end of long-term rainfall and the time for the substantial temperature rise;
(2)选择遮光物(2) Choose a shade
选择遮光物，并按照蓝莓园内的蓝莓树的大小准备尺寸合适的遮光物；Choose shading objects and prepare suitable shading objects according to the size of the blueberry trees in the blueberry garden;
(3)固定遮光物(3) Fixed shade
在长期暴雨结束后，大幅度升温前，将遮光物平铺于蓝莓树顶部，并对遮光物进行固定。After the long-term rainstorm is over, and before the temperature rises significantly, the shade is laid on the top of the blueberry tree, and the shade is fixed.
进一步的，所述遮光物的遮光率大于20％并低于50％，且易于获取；Further, the shading rate of the shading object is greater than 20% and lower than 50%, and is easy to obtain;
进一步的，所述遮光物优选为报纸。Further, the shade is preferably a newspaper.
进一步的，该方法还包括步骤(4)，该步骤(4)具体为：组织人员不定期不定时对蓝莓园进行检查，以防止报纸被大风吹走或人为因素掀翻，当发现遮挡物丢失或撕毁时，及时重新加固遮挡物。Further, the method also includes step (4), and this step (4) is specifically as follows: the organization personnel checks the blueberry garden from time to time to prevent the newspaper from being blown away by strong winds or overturned by human factors. Or when torn, re-strengthen the cover in time.
进一步的，步骤(3)中的固定方式为：采用准备的木棍对遮挡物进行固定，或者利用蓝莓树的枝丫对遮挡物进行固定。Further, the fixing method in step (3) is as follows: using prepared wooden sticks to fix the blocking object, or using the branches of the blueberry tree to fix the blocking object.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
在长期淹水后，蓝莓树的根系严重受损，吸收能力大幅下降；而本发明在长期降雨后、大幅度升温前，在蓝莓树顶部设置一个遮挡阳光的遮光物；该遮光物在保证光合作用的同时，能够大幅减少蓝莓树受到的阳光直射，不仅能降低冠层温度、增加相对湿度，从而影响叶片气孔开合度，降低蒸腾速率，减少水分需求量，减轻根系吸收水分的压力，而且能削弱附近土壤蒸发、增大表层土壤含水率，有效降低根际土壤温度，改变微气候。由于蓝莓属浅根系植物，根系主要分布于0-20cm土层中，根际表层土壤含水率升高、温度降低，则能缓解蓝莓受损根系的压力，有利于蓝莓根系活力的恢复，进而恢复树势，提高蓝莓成活率。After long-term flooding, the root system of the blueberry tree is seriously damaged, and the absorption capacity is greatly reduced; and after long-term rainfall and before a large temperature rise, a shading object is set on the top of the blueberry tree to block sunlight; At the same time, it can greatly reduce the direct sunlight on the blueberry tree, which can not only reduce the canopy temperature and increase the relative humidity, thereby affecting the opening and closing of leaf stomata, reduce the transpiration rate, reduce the water demand, and reduce the pressure on the root system to absorb water. Weakening nearby soil evaporation, increasing surface soil moisture content, effectively reducing rhizosphere soil temperature, and changing microclimate. Because blueberry is a shallow root plant, the root system is mainly distributed in the 0-20cm soil layer. The increase of the water content of the rhizosphere surface soil and the decrease of the temperature can relieve the pressure of the damaged root system of the blueberry, which is conducive to the recovery of the vitality of the blueberry root system, and then restore the blueberry root system. Tree vigor, improve blueberry survival rate.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, and the protection scope of the present invention can be more clearly defined.
实施例Example
一种有效提高蓝莓渍水后成活率的方法，包括如下步骤：A method for effectively improving the survival rate of blueberries after being soaked in water, comprising the following steps:
(1)确定时间(1) Determine the time
根据天气预报及往年气象数据，并结合田间实地观察，确定长期降雨结束的时间，以及大幅度升温的时间；According to the weather forecast and meteorological data of previous years, combined with field observations, determine the time for the end of long-term rainfall and the time for the substantial temperature rise;
(2)选择遮光物(2) Choose a shade
选择遮光物，选择标准为：遮光物的遮光率大于20％并低于50％，即不影响蓝莓的光合作用，并且遮光物易于获取；按照蓝莓园内的蓝莓树的大小准备尺寸合适的遮光物；在该实施例中，遮光物选择为报纸；Choose shading objects. The selection criteria are: the shading rate of the shading objects is greater than 20% and less than 50%, that is, it does not affect the photosynthesis of blueberries, and the shading objects are easy to obtain; according to the size of the blueberry trees in the blueberry garden, prepare appropriate shading. object; in this embodiment, the shading object is selected as newspaper;
(3)固定遮光物(3) Fixed shade
在长期暴雨结束后，大幅度升温前，将遮光物平铺于蓝莓树顶部，并对遮光物进行固定；固定方式为：采用准备的木棍将报纸进行固定，或者将报纸直接固定于蓝莓树的枝丫上；After the long-term rainstorm is over and before the temperature rises substantially, place the shade on the top of the blueberry tree and fix the shade; the fixing method is: fix the newspaper with prepared wooden sticks, or fix the newspaper directly on the blueberry tree on the branches;
(4)不定期不定时检查(4) Irregular and irregular inspections
组织人员不定期不定时对蓝莓园进行检查，以防止报纸被大风吹走或人为因素掀翻，当发现遮挡物丢失或撕毁时，及时重新加固遮挡物。Organizers will inspect the blueberry garden from time to time to prevent newspapers from being blown away by strong winds or overturned by human factors.
本发明的方法适用于大规模长时间的降雨结束之后，以免将遮挡物淋湿而无法使用，并且在气温大幅升高、太阳暴晒之前，以防蓝莓根系在气候剧烈变化中受到不可逆损伤。与现有技术相比，本发明的方法简单快捷，通过在蓝莓树上增加遮挡物来减少蓝莓受到的阳光直射，在不显著影响蓝莓光合作用的前提下，有效减少植物蒸腾与根际土壤蒸发，减轻受损根系负担，恢复树势，进而提高蓝莓渍水后的成活率。The method of the present invention is suitable for the end of large-scale and long-term rainfall, so as to prevent the shelter from being wet and unable to be used, and before the temperature is greatly increased and the sun is exposed to the sun, the blueberry root system is prevented from being irreversibly damaged in the severe climate change. Compared with the prior art, the method of the present invention is simple and quick, reduces the direct sunlight that blueberries receive by adding shelters on blueberry trees, and effectively reduces plant transpiration and rhizosphere soil evaporation under the premise of not significantly affecting blueberry photosynthesis. , reduce the burden of damaged roots, restore tree vigor, and improve the survival rate of blueberries after waterlogging.
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。The above descriptions are only the embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structure or equivalent process transformation made by using the contents of the description of the present invention, or directly or indirectly applied in other related technical fields, will not limit the scope of the invention. Similarly, it is included in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
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| CN112748055A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-04 | 神华宝日希勒能源有限公司 | Method for judging water physiology and root damage condition of root damage plant |
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| CN106234128A (en) * | 2016-08-08 | 2016-12-21 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | The cultural method of alpine region Prunus avium |
| CN110063223A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-07-30 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A method of so that dragon fruit is caused weak plant rejuvenation because of waterlogging |
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Application publication date: 20200825 |