CN108887106B - Cultivation method for planting fine netted melons in sunlight greenhouse - Google Patents

Cultivation method for planting fine netted melons in sunlight greenhouse Download PDF

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CN108887106B
CN108887106B CN201810824063.7A CN201810824063A CN108887106B CN 108887106 B CN108887106 B CN 108887106B CN 201810824063 A CN201810824063 A CN 201810824063A CN 108887106 B CN108887106 B CN 108887106B
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pollination
melon
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CN108887106A (en
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李婷
曾剑波
李云飞
朱莉
马超
陈艳利
攸学松
张莹
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BEIJING AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION STATION
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/05Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers

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Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for planting fine netted melons in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the optimum growth temperature of the Japanese netted melons is 18-28 ℃, and the cultivation method comprises 7 steps of variety selection, sowing, preparation before greenhouse field planting, pruning, pollination and fruit development stage management. The cultivation method is particularly suitable for cultivation of the Japanese netted melons in greenhouses in Beijing areas, is mainly used for cultivating the Japanese netted melons in a coarse mesh type, and is high in operability, wherein quantifiable environmental control conditions are quantized, the commodity rate of newly planted melons can reach over 60 percent, the commodity rate of carefully managed melons can reach over 90 percent, the economic value of commercial fruits of the Japanese netted melons is 60-80 yuan/fruit, and the economic benefit of farmers can be greatly improved.

Description

Cultivation method for planting fine netted melons in sunlight greenhouse
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation methods of netted melons, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for planting fine netted melons in a sunlight greenhouse.
Background
The Japanese netted melon is a high-end fruit which is well sold in the international market at present, the netted melon has been developed into a high-benefit industry from production to sale in Japan, is rich in nutrition, and exquisite and glutinous in taste, and has the advantages of wild and natural netted texture, and the Japanese netted melon is introduced from 80 years in China, but the cases of successful introduction are few. The netted melon has fine cultivation management technology and great planting difficulty, and with the increasing demand of people on high-quality fruits, the netted melon is planted nationwide at present and can be continuously supplied all the year round from the south to the north. At present, more Japanese cantaloupe is planted in the prior art, and the Japanese cantaloupe is also a shallow net type such as Andes series varieties, such as the rose on the market. However, the technical bottleneck of planting the coarse mesh type netted melon is not broken through so far, growers are used to apply the thin-skin melon or Hami melon planting method to the Japanese netted melon, and the large water and fertilizer management, early ventilation in the netted forming period, melon setting mode, topping time and the like of the Japanese melon are greatly different from the Chinese melon planting technology. In addition, the detailed description of the netted melon planting technology in the prior art is not detailed enough, and the data content is less.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cultivation method for planting fine netted melons in a sunlight greenhouse, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the cultivation method for planting the exquisite netted melon in the sunlight greenhouse has the following specific steps that:
(1) variety selection:
the Japanese netted melon has rich varieties, and the cultivation method selects the most representative soft meat and three-dimensional thick netted variety Allium;
(2) sowing:
the vine is cultivated in a sunlight greenhouse, the sowing time in the northern area is 1 ten days, the seedling stage is 35 days, and the sowing amount is 1200 seeds per mu;
(3) preparing before field planting in a greenhouse:
when the growth vigor of the arves is surplus and the fertility cannot be too large, and the soil fertility is 0, 6.7Kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, the ridges are over 30cm in height, 50cm in width and about 70cm in space, and the areca melon is planted in a single row in a high ridge;
(4) planting:
the row spacing is 1-1.3 meters, the plant spacing is 40-45 cm, the ground temperature needs to be stabilized above 18 ℃ during planting, the temperature is kept at 28 ℃ in the daytime and is not lower than 15 ℃ at night after planting;
(5) pruning:
15d after planting, leading 7-8 true leaves of the plants to stem, ensuring that the growing points are level, differentiating 12-14 joint female flowers at the moment, and not lowering the temperature and humidity;
determining fruit-bearing nodes (usually 12-14 nodes) when 15 leaves grow out of the plant at 28 days after planting, reserving melons, reserving 3 fruit-bearing branches before blooming, and wiping off upper and lower lateral branches;
picking cores of main branches is usually carried out 30 days after field planting, the plant height is 1m, 3-4 days before flowering, when 16-17 leaves are unfolded, 20 leaves are reserved for picking cores, and at least 7-8 true leaves are guaranteed above fruit setting nodes;
(6) pollination:
selecting morning pollination in a fine day, reserving 2 leaves above bearing branches after pollination, picking cores, marking the pollination date by using a color rope, removing 6 leaves at the lower end of the plant one by one, ventilating and dehumidifying, and selecting a fine day, and removing at most two old leaves each time; when the fruits grow to the size of the table tennis, selecting and keeping young melons with good fruit types, and beating the rest melons;
(7) management of fruit development stage:
watering is started 3-4 days after pollination, a small amount of water is watered, the watering amount is 1L, the fertilizer is promoted by water, and the time is controlled according to the soil moisture content of the greenhouse;
pollinating for 7-10 days, and starting fruit selection and fruit setting when the color of the fruits changes from dark green to light green;
pollinating for 12-15 days, hardening fruits, enabling the umbilical region to have transverse ring lines, keeping the temperature at 25-27 ℃ in the daytime, controlling water, reducing humidity, starting fruit hanging, hanging a melon hanging hook between melon handles on lateral vines, vertically hanging, enabling the height of the melon hanging to be as high as possible to lift or keep the melon to be horizontal, and staggering leaves;
pollinating for 16-22 days, controlling water when hardening reaches a peak, and forming vertical reticulate patterns, wherein the daily temperature is kept at 25-32 ℃ and the night temperature is kept at 18-20 ℃.
23 days after pollination, the first reticulate pattern formation is finished, the temperature is increased to 30 ℃, the humidity in the greenhouse is increased, the fruit softening is promoted, then the cross striation appears, the fruit enters the expansion peak period, and the fruit skin turns white;
30 days after pollination, basically finishing the formation of the second reticulate pattern, managing the high temperature and high humidity in the morning, ensuring the humidity to be more than 75 percent and the lasting time to be not less than 4 hours, promoting the bulging of the reticulate pattern, and starting bagging in order to increase the marketability;
and after pollination for 45 days, the netted melon enters a sugar conversion period, the temperature difference between day and night is increased to promote the accumulation of sugar, the temperature is reduced to 28 ℃ in the day, and the temperature is kept at 18-20 ℃ at night until the netted melon is harvested.
In the seeding process of the step (2): the proper temperature for sprouting is 30-32 ℃, the temperature is gradually reduced to 28 ℃ after the tender shoots are ejected, the ground temperature of 25 ℃ is ensured before the main leaves are unfolded, the ground temperature is ensured to be 20-22 ℃ when 1.5-2 leaves are unfolded, the seedlings are poured, the ground temperature is kept at 18 ℃ when 2.5 main leaves are unfolded, the temperature is gradually reduced, and the hardening and planting are prepared.
The fruit selection and fruit fixing steps of the fruit development stage management in the step (7) are as follows: selecting young fruits with long oval shapes and no scars on the surfaces, removing female flowers and lateral branches as soon as possible after fruit setting, and keeping the temperature at 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night.
And (3) irrigating water 23 days after pollination at the early reticulate pattern formation stage managed in the fruit development stage in the step (7) when the transverse reticulate pattern appears, wherein the fruits can be slightly softened by taking the condition that juice does not appear in cracks and proper high temperature is adopted, the air humidity is kept at 75-80%, the fruits are not too dry, the temperature ranges from 25 ℃ to 35 ℃ in the morning, 26-30 ℃ in the noon and 18-19 ℃ in the night.
The cultivation method also comprises a pest control step, pest and disease damage is easy to occur in the pollination period and the reticulate forming period of the Japanese netted melon, and the control time, namely 4 key time of medicine application, is as follows: 1-2 days before flowering pollination, after pollination of the netted melon, at the initial stage of reticulate pattern formation and after the reticulate pattern is completely formed. The cultivation method of the invention is also applicable to the Japanese netted melon varieties as follows: second woman, anders, armors, cusin and rose long.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the cultivation method is particularly suitable for cultivation of the Japanese netted melons in greenhouses in Beijing areas, and mainly aims at the Japanese netted melons of a coarse net type, technical details in the cultivation process are explained in more detail from sowing to harvesting, the cultivation method is high in operability, quantifiable environmental control conditions are quantized, and the technical points of cultivation technologies such as irrigation, fertilization, butt vine adjustment, melon hanging, cap wearing, netted promotion in a sauna shed are explained in detail.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example (b): the optimum growth temperature of the Japanese netted melon is 18-28 ℃, and the specific cultivation steps and technical details of the Japanese netted melon are elaborated by taking a greenhouse in Beijing area as an example:
1. variety selection:
the Japanese netted melon has rich varieties, such as Allus causing love, female, Andes, Amos, Kunjin and the like, and the cultivation technology of the invention selects the most representative soft meat and the three-dimensional thick netted variety Allus causing love, called Allus for short.
2. Sowing:
the Beijing sunlight greenhouse adopts vine hanging cultivation, the sowing time in the Beijing area is about 1 month and 5 days, the seedling period is 35 days, and the sowing quantity is more suitable to be 1200 grains per mu. The proper temperature for sprouting is 30-32 ℃, the temperature is gradually reduced to 28 ℃ after the tender shoots are ejected, the ground temperature of 25 ℃ is ensured before the main leaves are unfolded, the ground temperature is ensured to be 20-22 ℃ when 1.5-2 leaves are unfolded, the seedlings are poured, the ground temperature is kept at 18 ℃ when 2.5 main leaves are unfolded, the temperature is gradually reduced, and the hardening and planting are prepared.
3. Preparing before field planting in a greenhouse:
when the melon of the Arues variety is vigorous in growth and not too large in fertility and the soil fertility is 0, 6.7Kg of ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 7: 7) is applied to each mu, single-row high-ridge field planting is carried out, the ridges are over 30cm in height, 50cm in width and about 70cm in space, and single-row field planting is carried out.
4. Planting:
the row spacing is about 1-1.3 meters, the plant spacing is 40-45 cm, the ground temperature needs to be stabilized above 18 ℃ during planting, the temperature is kept at 28 ℃ in the daytime and is not lower than 15 ℃ at night after planting.
5. Pruning:
and (3) 15d after field planting, leading 7-8 true leaves of the plants to begin to stem, ensuring that growth points are flush, differentiating 12-14 joint female flowers at the moment, and not excessively lowering the temperature and humidity.
And (3) determining fruit setting positions when 15 leaves grow out of the plants 28 days after field planting, wherein the fruit setting positions are generally 12-14, the melons are left on the surface of the ridge about 60cm, 3 fruit setting branches are reserved before blooming, and the lateral branches above and below the fruit setting branches are all wiped off, so that the nutrient loss is reduced.
The tendrils are wound around the post, consuming a lot of energy and being removed as early as possible.
Picking cores of main branches is usually carried out 30 days or so after field planting, the plant height is about 1m, 3-4 days before flowering, when about 17 leaves are unfolded, 20 leaves are left for picking cores, and at least 7-8 true leaves are guaranteed above fruit setting nodes.
In the morning, the humidity of the greenhouse can be increased, and the air opening is performed at night to promote the growth of stems and leaves.
6. Pollination:
pollination is carried out in the morning on a fine day, 2 leaves are left above bearing branches after pollination, cores are picked, the pollination date is marked by a color rope, 6 leaves at the lower end of a plant are removed successively, ventilation and dehumidification are carried out, and at most two old leaves are removed on a fine day.
When the fruit grows to the size of table tennis or chicken egg, young melon with good fruit type is selected and left, and the rest can be removed.
7. Management of fruit development stage:
watering is started 3-4 days after pollination, a small amount of water is watered, the watering amount is about 1L, the fertilizer is promoted by water, and the time is controlled according to the soil moisture content of the greenhouse.
And (5) pollinating for 7-10 days, and selecting and fixing fruits when the fruits have the egg size and the color is changed from dark green to light green. The young fruits with long oval shape and no surface scars are preferably selected, female flowers and lateral branches are removed as soon as possible after fruit setting so as to reduce the occurrence of diseases, the temperature is kept at 28-30 ℃ in the daytime, and the temperature is kept at 16-18 ℃ at night.
And (3) pollinating for about 12-15 days, hardening fruits, enabling the umbilical part to have transverse ring lines, keeping the temperature at about 25-27 ℃ in the daytime, controlling water, reducing humidity, and avoiding poor reticulate patterns caused by rapid change of temperature and humidity. And (3) hanging the melon hooks between the melon stalks on the lateral vines at the beginning of fruit hanging, and vertically hanging the melon hooks, wherein the height of the melon hooks ensures that the melon hooks upwards or keeps horizontal as much as possible, and the leaves are staggered.
Pollinating for about 15-22 days, hardening to the peak, controlling water, and erecting the net, wherein the daily temperature is 25-32 ℃ and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃ in the stage.
After about 23 days after pollination, the first reticulate pattern formation is finished, the temperature is raised to about 30 ℃, the humidity in the shed is increased, the fruit softening is promoted, the cross striation appears later, the fruit enters the expansion peak period, and the fruit skin turns white. Irrigation can be carried out when the transverse net appears, the fruit can be slightly softened at a proper high temperature, and the juice is not generated in the gap. The air humidity is kept at about 75-80%, the drying is not suitable, and the temperature range is as follows: 25-35 ℃ in the morning, 26-30 ℃ in the noon and 18-19 ℃ at night.
And after about 30 days after pollination, basically finishing the formation of the second reticulate pattern, managing the high temperature and the high humidity in the morning, ensuring the humidity to be more than 75 percent and ensuring the continuous time not to be less than 4 hours, promoting the bulging of the reticulate pattern, and if the land does not retain water, starting bagging for increasing the commodity.
And (4) after pollination for 45 days, the netted melon enters a sugar conversion period, the temperature difference between day and night is increased to promote the accumulation of sugar, the temperature is reduced to 28 ℃ in the day, and the temperature is kept at 18-20 ℃ at night most preferably until the netted melon is harvested.
The cultivation method also comprises the steps of pest control:
1. control time:
the prevention is mainly insisted on, and the comprehensive prevention and treatment are realized. Insect pests easily occur in the pollination period and the reticulate forming period of the Japanese netted melon, and 4 key time of medicine application is as follows: (1) 1-2 days before flowering and pollination; (2) after pollination of the netted melon is finished; (3) the initial stage of reticulation formation; (4) after the texture is completely formed.
2. The control method comprises the following steps:
powdery mildew: flusilazole or 50% kresoxim-methyl water dispersible granule. Downy mildew: pyraclostrobin, 80% dimethomorph water dispersible granules or 1.0% osthole water emulsion. Gray mold: pyrimethanil, procymidone or boscalid. Bacterial fruit blotch: firstly, removing the diseased plant, burying the diseased plant deeply, and then spraying antibiotics or copper preparations according to the recommended dosage of the instruction. Bacterial angular leaf spot: spraying agricultural streptomycin sulfate or 10 hundred million CFU/g paenibacillus polymyxa wettable powder. Anthracnose: fluopyram. Epidemic diseases: cyazofamid or propineb. Gummy stem blight: picoxystrobin or fluopyram. Black spot or leaf spot: difenoconazole (bayer high).
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned contents are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and that the simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A cultivation method for planting fine netted melons in a sunlight greenhouse is characterized by comprising the following steps: the optimum growth temperature of the Japanese netted melon is 18-28 ℃, and the cultivation method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) variety selection:
the Japanese netted melon has rich varieties, and the cultivation method selects the most representative soft meat and three-dimensional thick netted variety Allium;
(2) sowing:
the vine is cultivated in a sunlight greenhouse, the sowing time in the northern area is 1 ten days, the seedling stage is 35 days, and the sowing amount is 1200 seeds per mu;
(3) preparing before field planting in a greenhouse:
when the growth vigor of the arves is surplus and the fertility cannot be too large, and the soil fertility is 0, 6.7Kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, the ridges are over 30cm in height, 50cm in width and about 70cm in space, and the areca melon is planted in a single row in a high ridge;
(4) planting:
the row spacing is 1-1.3 meters, the plant spacing is 40-45 cm, the ground temperature needs to be stabilized above 18 ℃ during planting, the temperature is kept at 28 ℃ in the daytime and is not lower than 15 ℃ at night after planting;
(5) pruning:
15d after planting, leading 7-8 true leaves of the plants to stem, ensuring that the growing points are level, differentiating 12-14 joint female flowers at the moment, and not lowering the temperature and humidity;
determining fruit-bearing nodes (usually 12-14 nodes) when 15 leaves grow out of the plant at 28 days after planting, reserving melons, reserving 3 fruit-bearing branches before blooming, and wiping off upper and lower lateral branches;
picking cores of main branches is usually carried out 30 days after field planting, the plant height is 1m, 3-4 days before flowering, when 16-17 leaves are unfolded, 20 leaves are reserved for picking cores, and at least 7-8 true leaves are guaranteed above fruit setting nodes;
(6) pollination:
selecting morning pollination in a fine day, reserving 2 leaves above bearing branches after pollination, picking cores, marking the pollination date by using a color rope, removing 6 leaves at the lower end of the plant one by one, ventilating and dehumidifying, and selecting a fine day, and removing at most two old leaves each time; when the fruits grow to the size of the table tennis, selecting and keeping young melons with good fruit types, and beating the rest melons;
(7) management of fruit development stage:
watering is started 3-4 days after pollination, a small amount of water is watered, the watering amount is 1L, the fertilizer is promoted by water, and the time is controlled according to the soil moisture content of the greenhouse;
pollinating for 7-10 days, and starting fruit selection and fruit setting when the color of the fruits changes from dark green to light green;
pollinating for 12-15 days, hardening fruits, enabling the umbilical region to have transverse ring lines, keeping the temperature at 25-27 ℃ in the daytime, controlling water, reducing humidity, starting fruit hanging, hanging a melon hanging hook between melon handles on lateral vines, vertically hanging, enabling the height of the melon hanging to be as high as possible to lift or keep the melon to be horizontal, and staggering leaves;
pollinating for 16-22 days, controlling water when hardening reaches a peak, and forming a vertical reticulate pattern, wherein the daily temperature is kept at 25-32 ℃ and the night temperature is kept at 18-20 ℃ in the stage;
23 days after pollination, the first reticulate pattern formation is finished, the temperature is increased to 30 ℃, the humidity in the greenhouse is increased, the fruit softening is promoted, then the cross striation appears, the fruit enters the expansion peak period, and the fruit skin turns white;
30 days after pollination, basically finishing the formation of the second reticulate pattern, managing the high temperature and high humidity in the morning, ensuring the humidity to be more than 75 percent and the lasting time to be not less than 4 hours, promoting the bulging of the reticulate pattern, and starting bagging in order to increase the marketability;
after pollination for 45 days, enabling the netted melons to enter a sugar conversion period, increasing the temperature difference between day and night to promote sugar accumulation, reducing the temperature to 28 ℃ in the day, and keeping the temperature at 18-20 ℃ at night until the netted melons are harvested;
in the seeding process of the step (2): the proper temperature for sprouting is 30-32 ℃, the temperature is gradually reduced to 28 ℃ after the tender shoots are ejected, the ground temperature of 25 ℃ is ensured before the main leaves are unfolded, the ground temperature is ensured to be 20-22 ℃ when 1.5-2 leaves are unfolded, the seedlings are poured, the ground temperature is kept at 18 ℃ when 2.5 main leaves are unfolded, the temperature is gradually reduced, and the hardening and planting are prepared;
the fruit selection and fruit fixing steps of the fruit development stage management in the step (7) are as follows: selecting young fruits with long oval shapes and no scars on the surfaces, removing female flowers and lateral branches as early as possible after fruit setting, and keeping the temperature at 28-30 ℃ in the daytime and 16-18 ℃ at night;
and (3) irrigating water when the transverse net appears 23 days after pollination in the early reticulate pattern formation stage managed in the fruit development stage in the step (7), wherein the proper high temperature is used for ensuring that the fruit is slightly softened and the air humidity is kept at 75-80 percent, so that the fruit cannot be dried too much, the temperature ranges from 25 ℃ to 35 ℃ in the morning, 26-30 ℃ in the noon and 18-19 ℃ in the night.
2. The cultivation method for planting the boutique melon in the sunlight greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the cultivation method also comprises a pest control step, pest control is easy to occur in the pollination period and the reticulate forming period of the Japanese netted melon, and the control time, namely 4 key time of medicine application, is as follows: 1-2 days before flowering pollination, after pollination of the netted melon, at the initial stage of reticulate pattern formation and after the reticulate pattern is completely formed.
3. The cultivation method for planting the boutique melon in the sunlight greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the cultivation method is also applicable to the Japanese netted melon varieties as follows: second woman, anders, armors, cusin and rose long.
CN201810824063.7A 2018-07-24 2018-07-24 Cultivation method for planting fine netted melons in sunlight greenhouse Active CN108887106B (en)

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