CN112470836B - Tool assembly-combined field data management method for netted melon development process - Google Patents
Tool assembly-combined field data management method for netted melon development process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a field data management method for a netted melon development process by combining a tool assembly, wherein the tool assembly applied by the method comprises a data management standard ruler and a leaf color ratio comparison card; the pollination days correspond to the fruit expansion size and the fruit epidermis color, and a data standard is established, wherein the standard content of the development process of the netted melon fruit in each period is reflected on the front side of a caliper of a data management standard ruler; taking a pollination period as a starting point, determining field management key points and disease and insect pest early warning in five key periods according to the expanded diameter of the netted melon and fruit, wherein the main content is reflected on the back surface of the caliper of a data management standard ruler; a leaf color comparison card is obtained through collection of a large amount of data and field statistics, and production is guided through the leaf color comparison card. The fruit weight is judged according to the diameter of fruit development in the postpartum grading, so that the proportion of fruits with different grades can be counted, the quantity of the fruits with different grades can be predicted in advance, and the pricing and pre-selling are carried out in advance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of field management methods of netted melons, and particularly relates to a field data management method for a netted melon development process by combining tool components.
Background
The netted melon is a high-end fruit which is well sold in the international market at present, the netted melon has been developed into a high-benefit industry from production to sale, is rich in nutrition, is exquisite in netted texture and glutinous in taste, and is introduced from 80 years in China, but the cases of successful introduction are few. The netted melon has fine cultivation management technology and great planting difficulty, and with the increasing demand of people on high-quality fruits, the netted melon is planted nationwide at present and can be continuously supplied all the year round from the south to the north.
The growth period of the netted melon is mainly divided into: 1. and (3) germination period: from sowing to emergence of the first true leaves, about 10-15 days; 2. and (3) seedling stage: the seedling stage is from the first true leaf to the fifth true leaf, about 25 days; 3. in the vine extending period: about 20-25 days from the appearance of the fifth true leaf to the opening of the first female flower; 4. and (4) a result period: from the first female flower blooming to fruit ripening. Melons with different growth periods mainly have different fruiting periods. There are significant differences between early, middle and late maturing varieties. The general fruiting period of the netted muskmelon is 45-55 days, and the general fruiting period of the netted muskmelon is 50-60 days.
1. In the early stage of fruiting, 3-10 days after pollination, the fruit is rapidly enlarged, and the plant is in a transition period from vegetative growth mainly to reproductive growth mainly.
2. The medium stage of the result is a key growth period of the netted melon, the environmental management of the period determines the quality of the netted texture formation, and the divided stages of the netted texture formation are as follows:
the first stage is as follows: in the hardening period of the fruit peel (about 11-14 days after pollination), the fruit begins to harden, and radial crack reticulate patterns are formed in the umbilical region;
and a second stage: in the formation period of the longitudinal net (about 15-20 days after pollination), longitudinal cracks are formed in the middle of the fruit;
and a third stage: in the period of forming the transverse net (21-30 days after pollination), transverse cracks begin to form along with the great increase of longitudinal cracks, and meanwhile secretions at the cracks begin to be lignified;
a fourth stage: in the full period of reticulate pattern (about 31-45 days after pollination), a large amount of transverse nets appear, the fruits are enlarged for the second time, reticulate patterns basically spread over the surfaces of the fruits, and a shallower, green, undried reticulate pattern tissue slightly protruding out of the surfaces of the fruits is formed;
3. in the later stage of fruiting, after 45 days after pollination, mature reticulate tissue is formed, and reticulate is completely embolised, dry and white and protrudes out of the surface of the fruit. The growth of roots, stems and leaves of plants tends to stop in the period, the main change is the transformation of substances stored in fruits, and the key for improving the quality is proper temperature, illumination and water management.
The cucumis melo planted in the prior art has a plurality of technical bottlenecks which are not broken through till now, if the problems of excessive hardening and poor reticulate pattern occur, fruits may be excessively hardened in spring, or high temperature, high humidity and rapid change can cause abnormal coarse reticulate pattern like fruit cracking, and the reason for hardening the fruits is that the management temperature is too low, or the soil fertility is too high, the nitrogen content is high, the stem leaves grow too hard and the like. Growers are used to apply the thin-skin melon or Hami melon planting method to the netted melon, but the netted melon is different from the common melon planting technology in terms of large water and fertilizer management, early ventilation in the netted melon forming period, melon setting mode, topping time and the like. In addition, the detailed description of the netted melon planting technology in the prior art is not detailed enough, and the data content is less.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a field data management method for a netted melon development process by combining a tool assembly in order to overcome the defects in the prior art.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention discloses a field data management method for a netted melon development process by combining a tool assembly, wherein the tool assembly applied by the method comprises a data management standard ruler and a leaf color ratio comparison card; the standard contents of the development process of the netted melon fruits at each period are reflected on the front side of a caliper of a data management standard ruler, and the specific marked contents on the front side of the caliper are as follows:
on the 5 th day after blooming, the diameter of the fruit is 3.5cm, and the fruit epidermis is light green;
on day 7 after flowering, the fruit diameter was 5 cm;
on the 10 th day after blooming, the fruit diameter is 6cm, and the fruit epidermis becomes milky white;
on day 13 after blooming, the diameter of the fruit is 7cm, and the surface of the fruit becomes a lead color;
on the 15 th day after blooming, the diameter of the fruit is 9cm, the surface of the fruit is still near the lead color, and longitudinal reticulate patterns on the surface begin to occur;
on the 20 th day after blooming, the diameter of the fruit is 10.5cm, and longitudinal reticulate patterns on the surface continuously occur;
from 21 days to 29 days after flowering, the diameter of the fruit is 11cm to 12cm, a large amount of longitudinal reticulate patterns on the surface occur, and meanwhile, transverse reticulate patterns on the surface also continuously occur;
the diameter of the fruit is 12cm to 13cm from 30 days to 35 days after flowering, and the surface reticulate pattern is in the later period;
and the fruit diameter is 13cm to 14cm and the surface reticulate pattern is basically formed from 36 days to 45 days after flowering.
The field management key points and the early warning of plant diseases and insect pests in five key periods are determined according to the expanded diameter of the netted melon and fruit by taking the pollination period as the starting point, the main content is reflected on the back surface of the caliper of the data management standard ruler, and the specific marking content on the back surface of the caliper is as follows:
the diameter of the fruit is 4cm to 5cm, if the fruit is excessively hardened, high-temperature and high-humidity management is required in the stage, and the ventilation is gradually performed in several times;
when the diameter of the fruit is 5cm to 7cm, the fruit enters a rapid expansion period, annular cracks begin to appear around the flower umbilical region, and the temperature is gradually reduced to 25 ℃ to 28 ℃;
the temperature is continuously maintained at 25-28 ℃ in the period that the fruit diameter is 7-8 cm, insufficient hardening is easily caused if the environment in the shed is low-temperature and dry, poor reticulate patterns are formed, and the defective fruit proportion is increased;
when the diameter of the fruit is 11cm to 14cm, the reticulate pattern formation is finished in the initial stage, certain high-temperature and high-humidity management is needed, meanwhile, the temperature is controlled below 35 ℃, and pest control is also needed, such as aphids, thrips or mites;
when the diameter of the fruit is 13cm to 14.5cm, the reticulate pattern is completely formed, and the fruit enters a sugar conversion stage, and is dehumidified and dried.
The leaf color comparison card is obtained by collecting a large amount of data and field statistics, the leaf color comparison card mainly arranges 8 colors, and the pantone color numbers of the 8 colors correspond to the following colors: no. 1 color 360C, No. 2 color 368C, No. 3 color 362C, No. 4 color 347C, No. 5 color 355C, No. 6 color 356C, No. 7 color 349C, No. 8 color 357C;
seedling stage-spreading stage, 30 days after planting, leaf color corresponding to leaf color ratio of No. 1-2;
in the season of stretching, before pollination and 30-45 days after planting, the leaf color is corresponding to the leaf color ratio to the No. 3-5 color of the card;
the fruiting period, 0-30 days after pollination, the leaf color is corresponding to the leaf color ratio to the No. 6-7 color card;
at fruiting stage, 30 days after pollination, the leaf color is compared with the leaf color to the No. 8 color.
The field data management method guides production through a leaf color comparison card: if the color of the leaf is heavier than the indicated range of the leaf color of the card, the sign shows that the growth vigor is excessive, and the growth conditions of the stems are combined, if the growth conditions are excessive, the greenhouse is required to be kept for 3 to 5 days at 35 to 38 ℃ for 2 hours under the premise of certain air humidity; if the leaf color is lighter than the leaf color in the indication range of the card, the sign growth vigor is weaker, and in combination with the growth condition of the stems, if the leaf color is weaker than the leaf color, the nutrients are supplemented by irrigation or fertilizer supplementing measures, so that the growth of plants is promoted.
The field data management method accurately guides post-partum grading, and comprises the following specific contents:
the diameter of the fruit is 12cm to 13cm, the average fruit weight is 1200g to 1300g, and secondary products are obtained;
the diameter of the fruit is 13.5cm to 15cm, the average weight of the fruit is 1300g to 1500g, and the first-grade product is obtained;
the diameter of the fruit is 15cm to 17.5cm, the average weight of the fruit is 1500g to 1700g, and secondary products are obtained.
The field data management method in the development process of the netted melon fruit specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) 3-10 days after flowering:
after confirming that the plants all bear fruits, fully irrigating water to promote the fruits to rapidly expand; and ensures that water and nutrients are fully absorbed, so that the leaves on the upper part and all the organs of the whole plant grow comprehensively and uniformly; the color of the fruits is light green, and when the eggs of the young melons are large, the fruits are selected and thinned, and a little more water is poured, so that the exertion of fertility is promoted, and the growth vigor of the plants is ensured;
(2) 11-14 days after flowering:
at the moment, the diameter of the fruit is 6-9cm, and the fruit enters the hardening period of the fruit, and the white color of the fruit is changed into the grey color of lead; the cultivation key point is to control irrigation to prevent excessive soil moisture and excessive air humidity, the relative air humidity is controlled to be 70-75%, the daily temperature is 25-32 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; if the color is green, the hardening of the peel is not good, which is often caused by high temperature and humidity; if the fruit peels are not hardened enough, the fruit peels are controlled to be watered, and the air is fully released to remove moisture in the daytime, so that the temperature in a protected area is properly reduced at night, and the fruit peels are hardened in time; poor growth potential of plants often causes insufficient hardening of fruit peels; if the hardening is excessive, closing the air outlet in advance in the evening, increasing the temperature at night, and controlling watering;
(3) 15-20 days after flowering:
the diameter of the fruit is 9-10.5cm, and the longitudinal reticulate pattern is formed; keeping 70-80% of relative humidity of air in the morning to promote good reticulation and continuing until the transverse net appears, and needing to continuously adjust the relative humidity of the air; if the plant growth potential is too weak, the reticulate pattern formation is also influenced by excessive drying in the protected land, the leaf color begins to be rapidly thickened, the top leaf is unfolded to the maximum and stops growing, and the temperature in the period is controlled to be 25-32 ℃ in the day and 18-20 ℃ at night.
(4) 21-29 days after flowering:
at the moment, the diameter of the fruit is 11-12cm, a large amount of transverse net grains appear, and at the moment, certain high-temperature and high-humidity management needs to be carried out, wherein the temperature range is as follows: 25-35 deg.C in the morning, 26-30 deg.C in the noon, and 18-19 deg.C in the night; after the fruits are softened, if the greenhouse is continuously and extremely sealed at high temperature and high humidity, deformed fruits and uneven reticulate patterns can be caused; a large amount of water is irrigated, and if the reticulate patterns spit water, the soil moisture is excessive;
(5) 30-35 days after flowering;
at the moment, the diameter of the fruit is 12-13cm, the reticulate pattern is distributed over the whole fruit, if the plant growth is kept, water is required to be properly poured to the 45 th day, in order to prevent premature senility from affecting the fruit quality, a new bud growing from the first or second section at the top end is reserved after pollination is carried out for 30 days, the growth of the new bud has a promoting effect on the elongation of a root system, and therefore the premature senility is prevented;
(6) 36-45 days after flowering;
at the moment, the diameter of the fruit is 13-14cm, the content of soluble solids is rapidly increased from 45 days after pollination, the content of the soluble solids is 6.2% after pollination for 40 days, the content of the soluble solids is increased to 11.3% at 45 days, the netted melon grows vigorously, and if the early control is not good, the early senescence is easy in the later period; in order to accumulate more storage substances to fill the contents of the fruits, the irrigation amount is gradually reduced after the fruits are set, if the water content is too much, the high temperature and the high humidity can cause the sugar content of the fruits to be reduced, the mature period is delayed, and the fruits are cracked, and the temperature is controlled to be 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 15-16 ℃ at night until the fruits are harvested.
The fruit setting node in the flowering period is the maximum unfolding leaf, and the node with continuous 3-4 main vines for folding is the most ideal; the bearing branches need to be selected and reserved as early as possible; the core of the fruiting branch is usually preferably 15-20cm long in the first section and 8cm long in the second section, depending on the elongation between the 2 nd sections.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the data management standard ruler provided by the invention standardizes the index of the growing process of the netted melon after pollination, corresponds the pollination days with the fruit expansion size and the fruit epidermis color, establishes the data standard, and reflects the development process standard content of the netted melon fruit in each period on the front side of the caliper of the data management standard ruler by taking the pollination period as a starting point. According to the method, a large number of tests are demonstrated to collect data, an operation standard of the netted melon after pollination is established, a data management standard is established by using a data management standard ruler, field management key points and disease and insect pest early warning in five key periods are determined according to the expanded diameter of the netted melon fruit by taking the pollination period as a starting point, and the main content is reflected on the back side of a caliper of the data management standard ruler. The fruit weight is judged according to the diameter of fruit development in the postpartum grading, so that the proportion of fruits with different grades can be counted, the quantity of the fruits with different grades can be conveniently predicted in advance, and pricing and pre-selling can be carried out in advance. The invention also guides production through a leaf color comparison card, if the leaf color is heavier than the leaf color comparison card indication range, the sign is over-vigorous, and combined with the growth condition of the stems, if the leaf color is over-vigorous, the greenhouse is required to be kept for 3-5 days at 35-38 ℃ for 2h under the premise of certain air humidity; if the leaf color is lighter than the leaf color in comparison with the indication range of the card, the sign growth vigor is weaker, and if the leaf color is weaker than the leaf color in comparison with the indication range of the card, the nutrients are supplemented by irrigation or fertilizer supplementing measures in combination with the growth conditions of the stems, so that the growth of plants is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a datamation management scale of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a leaf color ratio chart used in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
The invention discloses a field data management method for a netted melon development process by combining a tool assembly, wherein the tool assembly applied by the method comprises a data management standard ruler and a leaf color ratio comparison card; the standard contents of the development process of the netted melon fruits at each period are reflected on the front surface of the caliper of the data management standard ruler, as shown in fig. 1, the specific marked contents on the front surface of the caliper are as follows:
on the 5 th day after blooming, the diameter of the fruit is 3.5cm, and the fruit epidermis is light green;
on day 7 after flowering, the fruit diameter was 5 cm;
on the 10 th day after blooming, the fruit diameter is 6cm, and the fruit epidermis becomes milky white;
on day 13 after blooming, the diameter of the fruit is 7cm, and the surface of the fruit becomes a lead color;
on the 15 th day after blooming, the diameter of the fruit is 9cm, the surface of the fruit is still near the lead color, and longitudinal reticulate patterns on the surface begin to occur;
on the 20 th day after blooming, the diameter of the fruit is 10.5cm, and longitudinal reticulate patterns on the surface continuously occur;
from 21 days to 29 days after flowering, the diameter of the fruit is 11cm to 12cm, a large amount of longitudinal reticulate patterns on the surface occur, and meanwhile, transverse reticulate patterns on the surface also continuously occur;
the diameter of the fruit is 12cm to 13cm from 30 days to 35 days after flowering, and the surface reticulate pattern is in the later period;
and the fruit diameter is 13cm to 14cm and the surface reticulate pattern is basically formed from 36 days to 45 days after flowering.
The field management key points and the early warning of plant diseases and insect pests in five key periods are determined according to the expanded diameter of the netted melon and fruit by taking the pollination period as the starting point, the main content is reflected on the back surface of the caliper of the data management standard ruler, and the specific marking content on the back surface of the caliper is as follows:
when the fruit diameter is 4cm to 5cm, if the fruit is excessively hardened, high-temperature and high-humidity management is required in the stage, and the ventilation is gradually carried out in a plurality of times;
when the diameter of the fruit is 5cm to 7cm, the fruit enters a rapid expansion period, annular cracks begin to appear around the flower navel part, and the temperature is gradually reduced to 25 ℃ to 28 ℃;
the temperature is continuously maintained at 25-28 ℃ in the period that the fruit diameter is 7-8 cm, insufficient hardening is easily caused if the environment in the shed is low-temperature and dry, poor reticulate patterns are formed, and the defective fruit proportion is increased;
when the diameter of the fruit is 11cm to 14cm, the reticulate pattern formation is finished in the initial stage, certain high-temperature and high-humidity management is needed, meanwhile, the temperature is controlled below 35 ℃, and pest control is also needed, such as aphids, thrips or mites;
when the diameter of the fruit is 13cm to 14.5cm, the reticulate pattern is completely formed, and the fruit enters a sugar conversion stage, and is dehumidified and dried.
The leaf color ratio comparison card is obtained by collecting a large amount of data and field statistics, as shown in fig. 2, the leaf color ratio comparison card is mainly sorted into 8 colors, and pantone numbers of the 8 colors correspond to the following: no. 1 color 360C, No. 2 color 368C, No. 3 color 362C, No. 4 color 347C, No. 5 color 355C, No. 6 color 356C, No. 7 color 349C, No. 8 color 357C;
seedling stage-spreading stage, 30 days after planting, leaf color is corresponding to leaf color ratio card No. 1-2;
in the vine growing period, before pollination and 30-45 days after planting, the leaf color is corresponding to the leaf color ratio to the No. 3-5 color of the card;
the fruiting period, 0-30 days after pollination, the leaf color is corresponding to the leaf color ratio to the No. 6-7 color card;
at fruiting stage, 30 days after pollination, the leaf color is compared with the leaf color to the No. 8 color.
The field data management method guides production through a leaf color comparison card: if the color of the leaf is heavier than the indicated range of the leaf color of the card, the sign shows that the growth vigor is excessive, and the growth conditions of the stems are combined, if the growth conditions are excessive, the greenhouse is required to be kept for 3 to 5 days at 35 to 38 ℃ for 2 hours under the premise of certain air humidity; if the leaf color is lighter than the leaf color in the indication range of the card, the sign growth vigor is weaker, and in combination with the growth condition of the stems, if the leaf color is weaker than the leaf color, the nutrients are supplemented by irrigation or fertilizer supplementing measures, so that the growth of plants is promoted.
The field data management method accurately guides post-partum grading, and comprises the following specific contents:
the diameter of the fruit is 12cm to 13cm, the average weight of the fruit is 1200g to 1300g, and secondary products are obtained;
the diameter of the fruit is 13.5cm to 15cm, the average weight of the fruit is 1300g to 1500g, and the first-grade product is obtained;
the diameter of the fruit is 15cm to 17.5cm, the average weight of the fruit is 1500g to 1700g, and secondary products are obtained.
The field data management method in the development process of the netted melon fruit specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) 3-10 days after flowering:
after confirming that the plants all bear fruits, fully irrigating water to promote the fruits to rapidly expand; and ensures that water and nutrients are fully absorbed, so that the leaves on the upper part and all the organs of the whole plant grow comprehensively and uniformly; the color of the fruits is light green, and when the eggs of the young melons are large, the fruits are selected and thinned, and a little more water is poured, so that the exertion of fertility is promoted, and the growth vigor of the plants is ensured;
(2) 11-14 days after flowering:
at the moment, the diameter of the fruit is 6-9cm, and the fruit enters the hardening period of the fruit, and the white color of the fruit is changed into the grey color of lead; the cultivation key point is to control irrigation to prevent excessive soil moisture and excessive air humidity, the relative air humidity is controlled to be 70-75%, the daily temperature is 25-32 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; if the color is green, the hardening of the peel is not good, which is often caused by high temperature and humidity; if the fruit peels are not hardened enough, the fruit peels are controlled to be watered, and the air is fully released to remove moisture in the daytime, so that the temperature in a protected area is properly reduced at night, and the fruit peels are hardened in time; poor growth potential of plants often causes insufficient hardening of fruit peels; if the hardening is excessive, closing the air outlet in advance in the evening, increasing the temperature at night, and controlling watering;
(3) 15-20 days after flowering:
at the moment, the diameter of the fruit is 9-10.5cm, and a longitudinal reticulate pattern is formed; keeping 70-80% of relative humidity of air in the morning to promote good reticulation and continuing until the transverse net appears, and needing to continuously adjust the relative humidity of the air; if the plant growth potential is too weak, the reticulate pattern formation is also influenced by excessive drying in the protected land, the leaf color begins to be rapidly thickened, the top leaf is unfolded to the maximum and stops growing, and the temperature in the period is controlled to be 25-32 ℃ in the day and 18-20 ℃ at night.
(4) 21-29 days after flowering:
at the moment, the diameter of the fruit is 11-12cm, a large amount of transverse net grains appear, and at the moment, certain high-temperature and high-humidity management needs to be carried out, wherein the temperature range is as follows: 25-35 deg.C in the morning, 26-30 deg.C in the noon, and 18-19 deg.C in the night; after the fruits are softened, if the extremely high temperature and high humidity are continued to seal the greenhouse, the phenomena of deformed fruits and uneven reticulate patterns can be caused; a large amount of water is irrigated, and if the reticulate pattern spits water, the soil moisture is excessive;
(5) 30-35 days after flowering;
at the moment, the diameter of the fruit is 12-13cm, the reticulate pattern is distributed over the whole fruit, if the plant growth is kept, water is required to be properly poured to the 45 th day, in order to prevent premature senility from affecting the fruit quality, a new bud growing from the first or second section at the top end is reserved after pollination is carried out for 30 days, the growth of the new bud has a promoting effect on the elongation of a root system, and therefore the premature senility is prevented;
(6) 36-45 days after flowering;
at the moment, the diameter of the fruit is 13-14cm, the content of soluble solids is rapidly increased from 45 days after pollination, the content of the soluble solids is 6.2% after pollination for 40 days, the content of the soluble solids is increased to 11.3% at 45 days, the netted melon grows vigorously, and if the early control is not good, the early senescence is easy in the later period; in order to accumulate more storage substances to fill the contents of the fruits, the irrigation amount is gradually reduced after the fruits are set, if the water content is too much, the high temperature and the high humidity can cause the sugar content of the fruits to be reduced, the mature period is delayed, and the fruits are cracked, and the temperature is controlled to be 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 15-16 ℃ at night until the fruits are harvested.
The fruit setting node in the flowering period is the maximum unfolding leaf, and the node with continuous 3-4 main vines for folding is the most ideal; the bearing branches need to be selected as early as possible; the core of the fruit branch is preferably taken based on the elongation degree between the 2 nd nodes, and is usually 15-20cm long at the first node and 8cm at the second node.
Finally, it should be noted that the above-mentioned contents are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, and that the simple modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention by those of ordinary skill in the art can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A field data management method for a netted melon development process by combining a tool assembly is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the tool assembly applied by the field data management method for the netted melon development process combined with the tool assembly comprises a data management standard ruler and a leaf color ratio comparison card; the standard contents of the development process of the netted melon fruits at each period are reflected on the front side of a caliper of a data management standard ruler, and the specific marked contents on the front side of the caliper are as follows:
on the 5 th day after blooming, the diameter of the fruit is 3.5cm, and the fruit epidermis is light green;
on day 7 after flowering, the fruit diameter was 5 cm;
on the 10 th day after blooming, the fruit diameter is 6cm, and the fruit epidermis becomes milky white;
on day 13 after blooming, the diameter of the fruit is 7cm, and the surface of the fruit becomes a lead color;
on the 15 th day after blooming, the diameter of the fruit is 9cm, the surface of the fruit is still near the lead color, and longitudinal reticulate patterns on the surface begin to occur;
on the 20 th day after blooming, the diameter of the fruit is 10.5cm, and longitudinal reticulate patterns on the surface continuously occur;
from 21 days to 29 days after flowering, the diameter of the fruit is 11cm to 12cm, a large number of longitudinal cross-hatching on the surface occurs, and meanwhile, transverse cross-hatching on the surface also continuously occurs;
the diameter of the fruit is 12cm to 13cm from 30 days to 35 days after flowering, and the surface reticulate pattern is in the later period;
after 36 days to 45 days after flowering, the diameter of the fruit is 13cm to 14cm, and the surface reticulate pattern is basically formed;
the field management key points and the early warning of plant diseases and insect pests in five key periods are determined according to the expanded diameter of the netted melon and fruit by taking the pollination period as the starting point, the main content is reflected on the back surface of the caliper of the data management standard ruler, and the specific marking content on the back surface of the caliper is as follows:
when the fruit diameter is 4cm to 5cm, if the fruit is excessively hardened, high-temperature and high-humidity management is required in the stage, and the ventilation is gradually carried out in a plurality of times;
when the diameter of the fruit is 5cm to 7cm, the fruit enters a rapid expansion period, annular cracks begin to appear around the flower navel part, and the temperature is gradually reduced by 25 ℃ to 28 ℃;
the temperature is continuously maintained at 25-28 ℃ in the period that the fruit diameter is 7-8 cm, insufficient hardening is easily caused if the environment in the shed is low-temperature and dry, poor reticulate patterns are formed, and the defective fruit proportion is increased;
when the diameter of the fruit is 11cm to 14cm, the reticulate pattern formation is finished at the initial stage, certain high-temperature and high-humidity management is required, and meanwhile, the temperature is controlled below 35 ℃, and pest control such as aphids, thrips or mites is also required;
when the diameter of the fruit is 13cm to 14.5cm, the reticulate pattern is completely formed, and the fruit enters a sugar conversion stage, and is dehumidified and dried.
2. The method for field data-based management of the development process of netted melon incorporating tool assembly as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the leaf color comparison card is obtained by collecting a large amount of data and field statistics, wherein 8 colors are mainly sorted out, and the Pantong color numbers of the 8 colors correspond to the following colors: no. 1 color 360C, No. 2 color 368C, No. 3 color 362C, No. 4 color 347C, No. 5 color 355C, No. 6 color 356C, No. 7 color 349C, No. 8 color 357C;
seedling stage-spreading stage, 30 days after planting, leaf color corresponding to leaf color ratio of No. 1-2;
in the season of stretching, before pollination and 30-45 days after planting, the leaf color is corresponding to the leaf color ratio to the No. 3-5 color of the card;
the fruiting period, 0-30 days after pollination, the leaf color is corresponding to the leaf color ratio to the No. 6-7 color card;
at fruiting stage, 30 days after pollination, the leaf color is compared with the leaf color to the No. 8 color.
3. The method for field data-based management of the development process of netted melon incorporating tool assembly as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the field data management method guides production through a leaf color comparison card: if the color of the leaf is heavier than the color of the leaf in the indication range of the card, the sign is over-vigorous, and if the leaf is over-vigorous by combining the growth conditions of the stems, the greenhouse is required to be kept for 3 to 5 days at 35 to 38 ℃ for 2 hours under the premise of certain air humidity; if the leaf color is lighter than the leaf color in the indication range of the card, the sign growth vigor is weaker, and in combination with the growth condition of the stems, if the leaf color is weaker than the leaf color, the nutrients are supplemented by irrigation or fertilizer supplementing measures, so that the growth of plants is promoted.
4. The method for field data-based management of netted melon development process combined with tool assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the field data management method accurately guides post-partum grading, and comprises the following specific contents:
the diameter of the fruit is 12cm to 13cm, the average fruit weight is 1200g to 1300g, and secondary products are obtained;
the diameter of the fruit is 13.5cm to 15cm, the average weight of the fruit is 1300g to 1500g, and the first-grade product is obtained;
the diameter of the fruit is 15cm to 17.5cm, the average weight of the fruit is 1500g to 1700g, and secondary products are obtained.
5. The method for field data-based management of netted melon development process combined with tool assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the field data management method in the development process of the netted melon fruit specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) 3-10 days after flowering:
after confirming that the plants all bear fruits, fully irrigating water to promote the fruits to rapidly expand; and ensures that water and nutrients are fully absorbed, so that the leaves on the upper part and all the organs of the whole plant grow comprehensively and uniformly; the color of the fruits is light green, and when the eggs of the young melons are large, the fruits are selected and thinned, and a little more water is poured, so that the exertion of fertility is promoted, and the growth vigor of the plants is ensured;
(2) 11-14 days after flowering:
at the moment, the diameter of the fruit is 6-9cm, and the fruit enters the hardening period of the fruit, and the white color of the fruit is changed into the grey color of lead; the cultivation key point is to control irrigation to prevent excessive soil moisture and excessive air humidity, the relative air humidity is controlled to be 70-75%, the daily temperature is 25-32 ℃, and the night temperature is 18-20 ℃; if the color is green, the hardening of the peel is not good, which is often caused by high temperature and humidity; if the fruit peels are not hardened enough, the fruit peels are controlled to be watered, and the air is fully released to remove moisture in the daytime, so that the temperature in a protected area is properly reduced at night, and the fruit peels are hardened in time; poor growth potential of plants often causes insufficient hardening of fruit peels; if the hardening is excessive, closing the air outlet in advance in the evening, increasing the temperature at night, and controlling watering;
(3) 15-20 days after flowering:
the diameter of the fruit is 9-10.5cm, and the longitudinal reticulate pattern is formed; keeping 70-80% of relative humidity of air in the morning to promote good reticulation and continuing until the transverse net appears, and continuously adjusting the relative humidity of the air; if the plant growth potential is too weak, the reticulate pattern formation can be influenced by over-drying in the protected land, the leaf color begins to be rapidly thickened, the top leaf is unfolded to the maximum and stops growing, the temperature in the current period is controlled to be 25-32 ℃ per day, and the temperature at night is 18-20 ℃;
(4) 21-29 days after flowering:
at the moment, the diameter of the fruit is 11-12cm, a large amount of transverse net grains appear, and at the moment, certain high-temperature and high-humidity management needs to be carried out, wherein the temperature range is as follows: 25-35 deg.C in the morning, 26-30 deg.C in the noon, and 18-19 deg.C in the night; after the fruits are softened, if the greenhouse is continuously and extremely sealed at high temperature and high humidity, deformed fruits and uneven reticulate patterns can be caused; a large amount of water is irrigated, and if the reticulate pattern spits water, the soil moisture is excessive;
(5) 30-35 days after flowering;
at the moment, the diameter of the fruit is 12-13cm, the reticulate pattern is distributed over the whole fruit, if the plant growth is kept, water is required to be properly poured to the 45 th day, in order to prevent premature senility from affecting the fruit quality, a new bud growing from the first or second section at the top end is reserved after pollination is carried out for 30 days, the growth of the new bud has a promoting effect on the elongation of a root system, and therefore the premature senility is prevented;
(6) 36-45 days after flowering;
at the moment, the diameter of the fruit is 13-14cm, the content of soluble solids is rapidly increased from 45 days after pollination, the content of the soluble solids is 6.2% after pollination for 40 days, the content of the soluble solids is increased to 11.3% at 45 days, the netted melon grows vigorously, and if the early control is not good, the early senescence is easy in the later period; in order to accumulate more storage substances to enrich the contents of the fruits, the irrigation amount is gradually reduced after the fruits are set, if the fruit contains excessive water, the high temperature and the high humidity can cause the sugar content to be reduced, the mature period is delayed, and even the fruits are cracked, and the temperature is controlled to be 25-28 ℃ in the daytime and 15-16 ℃ at night until the fruits are harvested.
6. The method for field data-based management of netted melon development process combined with tool assembly as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the fruit setting node in the flowering period is the maximum unfolding leaf, and the node with continuous 3-4 main vines for folding is the most ideal; the bearing branches need to be selected as early as possible; the core of the fruiting branch is usually preferably 15-20cm long in the first section and 8cm long in the second section, depending on the elongation between the 2 nd sections.
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