CN111034578A

CN111034578A - Dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method

Info

Publication number: CN111034578A
Application number: CN201911351309.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵艳华; 陈龙; 李玉生; 吴雅琴; 程和禾; 吴永杰; 李友刚
Original assignee: Changli Institute Of Pomology Hebei Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences
Current assignee: Changli Institute Of Pomology Hebei Academy Of Agriculture And Forestry Sciences
Priority date: 2019-12-24
Filing date: 2019-12-24
Publication date: 2020-04-21
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-24
Also published as: CN111034578B

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, and particularly provides a dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method which is characterized in that a self-fruitful superior line is grafted on a dwarfing stock Gisela No. 5 stock, the self-fruitful superior line is transplanted to a flowerpot, and then dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting is carried out by combining with ultra-fine spindle-shaped shaping and trimming. The dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method adopts the No. 5 Jisaira dwarfing stock, has a short tree body, and can bear fruits 1-2 years earlier than the arbor stock; the self-fructification superior line self-fructification rate is selected to be more than 30% in average year without configuring pollinating trees or grafting a plurality of varieties pollinated mutually in each pot, the operation is simple, and the problem of low fruit setting rate caused by poor pollination of cross-pollinated varieties is solved; when the rabins is selected as the scion, the cold requirement is only 500 plus 600 hours, the cold storage low-temperature treatment of the cold storage meets the requirement of cold requirement, the cold storage is immediately moved to a greenhouse for heating, the leaf bud can sprout in advance, and the purposes of planting flowers in the current year and bearing fruits in the second year can be realized through early bud carving, early branching and early forming.

Description

Dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit planting, and particularly relates to a dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method.

Background

The sweet cherry has the advantages of early fruit bearing, quick response, high benefit, greenness and safety, so the sweet cherry becomes the most important tree species for facility fruit tree cultivation, sightseeing picking and leisure travel. The cultivation area of the whole country is about 300 ten thousand mu, which occupies the first place in the world. The planting area is also expanded from the past Bohai Bay area to inland, and is further developed to 25 province and city autonomous regions such as the coastal regions in south, the high altitude regions in the west, the alpine regions in the northeast and the like.

The fruit tree potted plant can purify air, green the environment and cultivate sentiment. However, the traditional fruit tree potting is mostly limited to pomegranate, grape, orange, apple, peach and the like, and the sweet cherry is rarely used, one of the main reasons is that the sweet cherry has a big tree body and is difficult to control the tree body; secondly, the sweet cherry belongs to a cross-pollinated fruit tree, and one plant is matched with at least two varieties in the potting process. In recent years, large cherry potting is gradually stepping into balconies and courtyards of thousands of households along with improvement of potting technology and application of dwarfing stocks. Like other fruit tree potted plants, the large cherry potted plant can not only enjoy beautiful scenery with full flowers and branches and rich fruits, but also taste delicious fruits after enjoying. However, the best method for potting sweet cherries at present is to graft 2-3 varieties capable of pollinating mutually in each pot, such as red light, Meizao, Raney, Jiahong, Sammituo and the like, and the stock is an arbor stock in multiple choices.

Greenhouse potted cherries have many advantages. Usually, after field planting of cherries in an orchard, the cherries can bloom and bear fruits after 5-6 years, the potted sweet cherries can be used for field planting for 1-2 years at the fastest speed, and a certain yield is achieved in the third year, so that early fruiting and early high yield are realized; the potted sweet cherry has reduced tree height due to root limitation, and is beneficial to fruit picking; the potted sweet cherry can also be moved to a greenhouse or cultivated indoors, so that the sweet cherry can be listed in the market early, and the income is increased.

Although the potted cherry is cultivated in a greenhouse, the aims of early fruiting and early high yield can be achieved. There are still many problems that need to be further studied and solved. For example, the tree body is difficult to control, the fruit bearing is late, the fruit setting rate is low, the tree shape is not standard, and the like, so that the large-area application and the rapid development of the potted sweet cherry are severely restricted.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method, which can solve the practical problems of high tree body, late flowering, low fruit setting rate and the like of greenhouse potted sweet cherries by selecting a Gisela 5 stock grafting self-flowering excellent line and combining an ultrafine spindle-shaped reshaping trimming technology, can provide reliable theoretical and technical support for cherry growers, and has very important significance for accelerating the development process of greenhouse potted sweet cherries and improving the economic benefits of the growers.

The invention relates to a dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method which is characterized in that a self-fruited superior line is grafted on a dwarfing stock Gisela No. 5 stock, the grafted superior line is transplanted to a flowerpot, and then dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting is carried out by combining with ultra-fine spindle-shaped shaping and trimming.

The invention relates to a dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method, which comprises the following steps:

1) grafting a self-fruitful superior line on a dwarf stock Gisela No. 5 stock planted in the field;

2) transplanting into a flowerpot for field planting;

3) the refrigeration house promotes dormancy;

4) shaping and trimming the superfine spindle shape;

5) managing a greenhouse;

6) the fruit is ripe.

Wherein the self-fruitful variety is any one of rabin, HS219 or Changhua purple jade; the self-fruitful variety is preferably a variety with low refrigeration requirement, such as rabins or HS219, most preferably rabins.

Wherein, the step 1) of grafting the self-fruitful variety on the dwarfing stock Gisela No. 5 stock planted in the field specifically comprises the following steps: and selecting a strong-growing Gisela No. 5 rootstock and a sweet cherry self-fruited superior branch without plant diseases and insect pests in month 4 to carry out wood bud grafting, removing sprouts on the rootstock after grafted buds sprout, and shearing the rootstock at a position 1cm above the buds.

Wherein, step 2) the potted planting specifically comprises: selecting strong grafted seedlings with plump branches and buds, developed root systems and no plant diseases and insect pests, promoting leaves to fall in the 10 th month of the year of grafting, and immediately transplanting the grafted seedlings into a pot after seedling lifting.

Wherein, go up the basin, soil in the flowerpot is for using thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure: soil in garden fields: and mixing the vermiculite uniformly according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the pH value of the soil is 6.0-7.5.

Wherein, step 3) the dormancy is promoted to the freezer, specifically is: and (4) moving the field planting in the middle 10 months of the year into a refrigeration house, and moving the field planting to a greenhouse after meeting the requirement of cold quantity.

Wherein, the spindle-shaped reshaping and trimming in the step 4) specifically comprises the following steps: 1cm above the bud after the bud sprouts, carving one bud every 10cm, spirally rising on the trunk till the depth reaches xylem and the width is about 0.4mm-0.6mm, and then coating a preservative and a branching device; when the young shoots grow to 20-25cm and the opening angle is 90 degrees, preserving branches with the branch-to-stem ratio of 1/3, coarsely thinning, and continuously culturing; and finishing shaping after 6-8 main branches are left when the height of the seedling is 60-80 cm.

Wherein, the greenhouse management in the step 5) specifically comprises the following steps: strictly controlling the temperature and humidity in each period: before germination, the temperature is 18 ℃ in the daytime and 4 ℃ at night; from germination to the end of flowering, at 20 ℃ in the daytime and 7 ℃ at night; withering the flowers until the fruit coloring period, wherein the temperature is 22 ℃ in the daytime and 10 ℃ at night; coloring the fruits to the mature stage, wherein the temperature is 22 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night; the relative humidity of air is regulated to 45-50%, the germination period of flower bud is slightly higher and controlled to be below 80%, and the development period of fruit is controlled to be below 50%.

The invention relates to a dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method, which specifically comprises the following steps:

1) grafting a self-fruitful variety on a dwarf stock Jisaira No. 5 stock planted in the field, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting a strong-growing Gisela No. 5 rootstock and a sweet cherry self-flowering fruiting variety branch without plant diseases and insect pests for wood bud grafting in the month 4, removing sprouts on the rootstock after grafted buds germinate, and shearing the rootstock at a position 1cm above the buds;

2) planting in a pot, specifically: selecting grafted seedlings which are strong in growth, plump in branch buds, developed in root systems and free of diseases and insect pests, and immediately potting after seedling lifting after leaf dropping promotion in the same 10 months of the grafted year; the soil in the flowerpot is decomposed farmyard manure: soil in garden fields: uniformly mixing vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the pH value of the soil is 6.0-7.5;

3) the dormancy promoting method for the refrigeration house specifically comprises the following steps: moving the field planting in the middle 10 months of the year into a refrigeration house, and moving the field planting to a greenhouse after meeting the requirement of cold quantity;

4) the fusiform reshaping and pruning specifically comprises the following steps: cutting buds 1cm above the buds with a saw blade after the buds sprout, cutting a bud every 10cm, spirally rising on a trunk till the depth reaches xylem and the width is about 0.5mm, and then coating a preservative and a delicacy; when the young shoots grow to 20cm-25cm, using toothpicks to open the angle to 90 degrees, keeping branches with the branch/trunk ratio of 1/3, and continuously culturing after the branches are coarsely thinned; finishing shaping when 6-8 main branches are left after the seedlings are 60-80cm high;

5) greenhouse management, specifically: strictly controlling the temperature and humidity in each period: before germination, the temperature is 18 ℃ in the daytime and 4 ℃ at night; from germination to the end of flowering, at 20 ℃ in the daytime and 7 ℃ at night; withering the flowers until the fruit coloring period, wherein the temperature is 22 ℃ in the daytime and 10 ℃ at night; coloring the fruits to the mature stage, wherein the temperature is 22 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night; the relative air humidity is controlled to be 45-50%, the germination period of flower buds is slightly higher and is controlled to be below 80%, and the development period of fruits is controlled to be below 50%;

6) the fruit is ripe.

The dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method has the following beneficial effects:

firstly, the actual problems of tall and big potted sweet cherry trees of the arbor stocks, difficult crown control, late flowering and the like can be solved, and the tree bodies can be effectively controlled and are convenient to manage by adopting the Jisaira No. 5 dwarfing stock for grafting; the number 5 Jisaira dwarfing rootstock tree body is 50% -60% of that of the arbor stock, has the characteristics of short tree body and early fruiting, and can bear fruits 1-2 years earlier than that of the arbor stock.

Secondly, most sweet cherries are cross-pollinated varieties at present, pollinating trees must be configured, 2-3 varieties are grafted in each pot for mutual pollination, and the operation is troublesome. The self-fruition excellent line does not undergo pollination, namely the self-fruition rate is more than 30% in successive years, so that a lot of troubles are saved, convenience is provided for farmers and consumers, and the problem of low fruit setting rate of cross pollination varieties caused by poor pollination is solved; the self-flower bearing rate is as high as Labins, Changhua purple jade and HS219, can reach more than 30 percent without pollination, can completely meet the production requirement, saves a lot of troubles, provides convenience for farmers and consumers, solves the problem of low fruit setting rate of cross-pollination varieties caused by poor pollination, and has strong yield capability in successive years.

Thirdly, the Labinis needs short cold (500-600 hours), and the dormancy releasing time is early. After leaves fall in autumn, the flower pot is moved into a refrigeration house to promote the tree to be dormant in advance, the tree is moved to a greenhouse to be heated up immediately after the requirement of cold quantity is met, the flower pot can mature 1-2 months earlier than the common greenhouse cultivation, the leaf bud can sprout in advance, and the purposes of early flower formation and early fruit bearing are achieved through early bud carving, early branching and early forming. If the seedlings are planted in spring in the same year, the leaf buds sprout immediately, the angle is opened and the seedlings are shaped in time, the seedlings can flower in the same year, and the seedlings bear fruits in the next year.

In a word, the method has the advantages of short and small tree body, early fruiting, good high yield and strong practicability, and has very important significance for popularization and application of the facility potted sweet cherries.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph of the self-fruitfulness rate of the envelope of example 3.

FIG. 2 is a photograph of the control Samie flowers in example 3 (although flowering, no fruit set was observed).

FIG. 3 is a photograph of Labinis flowering in example 3.

FIG. 4 is a photograph of the Labes results in example 3.

FIG. 5 is a photograph of the Labin high yield of example 3.

Detailed Description

The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

Example 1

The dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method is carried out according to the following steps:

1) grafting the self-fruitful variety rabin on the dwarf stock Gisela No. 5 stock planted in the field.

And (4) selecting strong branches to carry out wood bud grafting in the month of 4, removing the buds on the rootstocks in time after the grafted buds germinate in about 30 days, cutting the rootstocks 1cm above the buds, and then carrying out normal fertilizer and water management. The method is characterized in that a self-fruitful variety Labins grafted on a dwarfing stock Gisela No. 5 stock is taken as treatment, and a contrast of grafting Samie on the dwarfing stock Gisela No. 5 stock is set.

2) Planting in upper pot

After the grafted seedlings are promoted to fall off leaves in 10 months in the same year, the grafted seedlings are potted immediately after being lifted. Seedlings which grow robustly, have plump branches and buds, developed root systems and no diseases and insect pests are selected. The required soil is required to have good permeability, 1/3 decomposed farmyard manure, 1/3 garden loam and 1/3 vermiculite are mixed evenly, and the pH value is about 6.0-7.5.

3) Dormancy-promoting refrigerator

Moving the greenhouse to a cold storage for 2-7 ℃ in the middle 10 months, and moving the greenhouse to a greenhouse for heating after about one month (700 hours are met).

5) The ultra-fine spindle-shaped trimming

And (3) cutting buds 1cm above the buds by using a saw blade after the buds sprout, cutting buds 1cm above the buds by using the saw blade after the buds sprout, cutting a bud every 10cm, and spirally rising on the trunk. The depth is 0.5mm to xylem, and antiseptic and delimbing agent are coated. And (5) after the young shoots grow to 20-25cm, opening the angle to 90 degrees by using toothpicks, reserving branches with the branch-to-stem ratio of 1/3, and continuously culturing after the branches are coarsely thinned. The height of the seedling is about 60-80cm, and shaping can be completed after 6-8 main branches are used.

Example 2

1) grafting self-fruitful high-quality HS219 or Changhua purple jade onto the dwarf rootstock Gisela No. 5 in field planting

HS219 is a self-fruitful superior line of the sweet cherry, is the first choice, and has the cold requirement of (600- & gt 700 hours)

The approval information of Changhua purple jade is as follows: the tree variety approval committee 2017.12.15 of the Ji S-SV-PA-009 and 2017 Hebei province is the self-fruited excellent line of the sweet cherries, and the cold requirement is (900 and 1000 hours).

2) And (4) selecting strong branches to carry out wood bud grafting in the month of 4, removing the buds on the rootstocks in time after the grafted buds germinate in about 30 days, cutting the rootstocks 1cm above the buds, and then carrying out normal fertilizer and water management. The method is characterized in that a dwarfing stock Gisela No. 5 stock is grafted with self-fruited elite HS219 for treatment, and a contrast for grafting Samie on the dwarfing stock Gisela No. 5 stock is set.

3) Planting in upper pot

And (4) lifting seedlings and immediately potting after 10 months of leaf drop promotion in the grafted current year. Seedlings which grow robustly, have plump branches and buds, developed root systems and no diseases and insect pests are selected. The required soil is required to have good permeability, 1/3 decomposed farmyard manure, 1/3 garden loam and 1/3 vermiculite are mixed evenly, and the pH value is about 6.0-7.5.

3) Dormancy-promoting refrigerator

Moving the greenhouse to a cold storage (2-7 ℃) in the middle 10 months, and moving the greenhouse to a greenhouse for heating after about one month.

5) The slender spindle-shaped trim

After the bud sprouts, the bud is carved at the position 1cm above the bud by a saw blade, and the bud is carved at intervals of 10cm and rises spirally on the trunk. The depth is 0.5mm to xylem, and antiseptic and delimbing agent are coated. And (5) after the young shoots grow to about 20-25cm, opening the angle to 90 degrees by using toothpicks, reserving branches with the branch-to-stem ratio of 1/3, and continuously culturing after the branches are coarsely thinned. The height of the seedling is about 60cm-80cm, and 6-8 main branches are shaped.

Results of the experiment

The treatments in examples 1 and 2, bagging, and self-flower set rate were measured, specifically as shown in fig. 1, for control sago flowering as shown in fig. 2, and for rabins flowering as shown in fig. 3. The results of the two-year-round selfing rate survey are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1 survey of self-fruitfulness after grafting of different scions two consecutive years

Scion	Self-flower bearing rate
		Labin' s	30％-35％
HS08-219	35.4％～41％
		Changhua purple jade	45.6％～55.8％
Sami food	0％

As can be seen from the above table, Labin, HS219 and Changhua purple jade have good self-flower-bearing effect, only one kind of scion needs to be grafted during grafting, and when Sami comes off, scions which can pollinate mutually need to be grafted simultaneously.

The treatments in examples 1 and 2, both in late pot 10 months, were moved into a freezer and the time schedules after grafting of the various scions (where the control samader was 0 due to self-flower setting percentage and simultaneously grafted with pioneers for cross-pollination) were counted as shown in table 2:

TABLE 2 flowering and fruiting times after different scions grafting

Scion	Time to go out of refrigeration storage	Sprouting	Flower blooming	Ripening of fruit
					Labin' s	11.10	12.10	12.20	Next year 2.20
HS219	11.15	12.15	12.25	Next year 2.25
					Changhua purple jade	11.20	12.20	12.30	Next year 3.3
Sami food	11.25	12.25	Next year 1.5	Next year 3.10

As can be seen from Table 2, the fruit ripening period of the Labinis with less cold demand is earlier (10-20 days) than that of other varieties, and the market price is much higher. A photograph of the Labins results is shown in FIG. 4, and a photograph of the prolific product is shown in FIG. 5.

Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.

Claims

1. A dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method is characterized in that a self-fruitful variety is grafted on a dwarfing stock Gisela No. 5 stock, the self-fruitful variety is transplanted to a flowerpot, and then dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting is carried out by combining with ultra-fine spindle-shaped shaping and trimming.

2. The dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

1) grafting a self-fruitful variety on a dwarf stock Gisela No. 5 planted in the field;

2) transplanting into a flowerpot for field planting;

3) the refrigeration house promotes dormancy;

4) shaping and trimming the superfine spindle shape;

5) managing a greenhouse;

6) the fruit is ripe.

3. The dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method of claim 2, wherein the self-fruiting variety is a less cold-requiring variety.

4. The dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method of claim 2, wherein the self-fruitful variety is any one of rabin, HS219 or changhua purple.

5. The dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method of claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the step 1) of grafting a self-fruitful superior line on the field-planted dwarfing rootstock Gisela No. 5 rootstock specifically comprises: and selecting a strong-growing Gisela No. 5 rootstock and a sweet cherry self-fruited superior branch without plant diseases and insect pests in month 4 to carry out wood bud grafting, removing sprouts on the rootstock after grafted buds sprout, and shearing the rootstock at a position 1cm above the buds.

6. The dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method of claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the potting in step 2) is specifically: selecting strong grafted seedlings with plump branches and buds, developed root systems and no plant diseases and insect pests, and taking out the seedlings and immediately potting the seedlings after promoting leaves to fall in 10 months of the year in field planting.

7. The dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method of claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the soil in the upper pot and the flowerpot is a soil mixture prepared from decomposed farmyard manure: soil in garden fields: and mixing the vermiculite uniformly according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1, wherein the pH value of the soil is 6.0-7.5.

8. The dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method of claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the cold storage of step 3) promotes dormancy, specifically: and (4) moving the field planting in the middle 10 months of the year into a refrigeration house, and moving the field planting to a greenhouse after meeting the requirement of cold quantity.

9. The dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method of claim 3 or 4, characterized in that step 4) the ultra-fine spindle-shaped pruning is specifically: 1cm above the bud is carved with one bud at intervals of 10cm after the bud sprouts, the buds spirally rise on the trunk till the xylem, and then a preservative and a delimbination are coated; when the young shoots grow to 20-25cm and the opening angle is 90 degrees, preserving branches with the branch-to-stem ratio of 1/3, coarsely thinning, and continuously culturing; and finishing shaping after 6-8 main branches are left when the height of the seedlings is 60-80 cm.

10. The dwarfing sweet cherry greenhouse potting method of claim 3 or 4, characterized by the step 5) of greenhouse management, in particular: strictly controlling the temperature and humidity in each period: before germination, the temperature is 18 ℃ in the daytime and 4 ℃ at night; from germination to the end of flowering, at 20 ℃ in the daytime and 7 ℃ at night; withering the flowers until the fruit coloring period, wherein the temperature is 22 ℃ in the daytime and 10 ℃ at night; coloring the fruits to the mature stage, wherein the temperature is 22 ℃ in the daytime and 12 ℃ at night; the relative humidity of air is regulated to 45-55%, the germination period of flower bud is slightly higher and controlled to be below 80%, and the fruit development period is controlled to be below 50%.