CN107853049B

CN107853049B - Seasonal trimming method for lemon trees and lemon garden

Info

Publication number: CN107853049B
Application number: CN201711079154.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘代书; 彭园园; 刘海波; 李峻峰
Original assignee: SICHUAN HUATONG LEMON CO Ltd
Current assignee: SICHUAN HUATONG LEMON CO Ltd
Priority date: 2017-11-06
Filing date: 2017-11-06
Publication date: 2020-05-12
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-06
Also published as: CN107853049A

Abstract

The invention provides a seasonal trimming method of lemon trees and a lemon garden, and relates to the technical field of planting. The provided seasonal trimming method for the lemon trees mainly performs summer trimming and assists autumn trimming. Aims to control the bad branches in summer shoot to avoid the disorder of the tree body, preserve fruit and balance the relationship between the fruit and the tree. The autumn pruning is mainly completed summer pruning, and the pruning is performed on poor branches which germinate again in summer and autumn, so that the difficulty and the strength of pruning in winter after fruit picking are reduced, the tree vigor is protected, and the nutrient consumption is reduced, so that the tree body grows robustly. On the other hand, the winter pruning is mainly used, the spring pruning is used as an auxiliary, and the spring is used for continuous pruning or repeated pruning after the winter pruning. Aims to adjust the tree structure and rejuvenate the tree vigor. The pruning method combining retraction and thinning is adopted to achieve the tree state after pruning, which is the basis of fruiting in the next year and overcomes the phenomenon of fruiting in the big and small years. Thereby ensuring the yield and the yield of the lemon.

Description

Seasonal trimming method for lemon trees and lemon garden

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a seasonal trimming method of lemon trees and a lemon garden.

Background

Lemon is warm in taste, resistant to yin, not cold and resistant to heat, so that the lemon is suitable for being cultivated in subtropical areas which are warm in winter and cool in summer. The lemon is suitable for being planted in warm gentle slope land with deep soil layer and good drainage, and the most suitable pH value of the lemon soil is 5.5-7.0. The lemon trees can blossom and bear fruits in four seasons, flower buds can differentiate, blossom and bear fruits in the spring shoots drawn out in the same year after aging, and the quantity and the quality of the flower buds are the material basis for high yield of the lemon trees. Lemon plants grow faster, can grow as high as about 6m, have large fertilizer demand, and have large yield difference due to good and bad management after multiple tips, blossoms and fruits in a year.

The prior art lacks a special systematic pruning technology for the lemons, mostly is a pruning method for dead-moving hard citrus, does not combine the characteristics of the lemons, and lacks sufficient pertinence, so that the problems of disordered branches of the lemons, different heights, sizes and shapes of tree crowns, inconvenience in management, crown closure, poor ventilation and light transmission, serious plant diseases and insect pests, unstable fruit yield, low commodity rate and the like occur, and the due production potential of the lemon trees cannot be fully exerted.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a seasonal trimming method of lemon trees, which fully combines the characteristics of the lemon trees, can promote the main branches and the side branches of the lemon trees to become thick and strong, ensures that the quantity, the distribution or the structure of the lemon trees are more reasonable, is beneficial to the formation of ideal high-yield crowns of the lemon trees, reduces the occurrence of crown closure caused by the consumption of nutrients by redundant branches, is beneficial to restoring and balancing tree vigor, standardizing gardens and improving the microclimate in forests, is beneficial to the operation and the management of farming simultaneously, concentrates the nutrient supply and enhances the photosynthesis to promote reproductive growth, can accelerate the differentiation formation of bearing branches and the flower bud differentiation, promotes the fruit bearing of the lemon trees in advance, and realizes the high yield and stable yield of the lemon trees.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a lemon garden comprising a plurality of lemon trees, each lemon tree being obtained by a seasonal pruning method of lemon trees. The lemon garden has high yield and output and has great commercial value.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

The invention provides a seasonal trimming method of lemon trees, which comprises the following steps:

pruning in 5-6 months in summer every year, wherein the pruning comprises pruning and bud picking for 2-3 times, and the pruning and bud picking comprises removing the tender tips and the tender shoots of the spiny branches germinated on the main stems and the bone branches by wiping, breaking off and shearing, and keeping the self-sheared tender cluster tips at the top ends of the peripheral extension branches;

continuously deleting the bare-grown branches and the branch sheltered from the inner bore of the trimmed tree body from late 8 months to before fruit picking in autumn every year, and cutting the ground branches, the clumpy branches and the stock seedlings of which the main stems are 40cm away from the ground, and simultaneously retracting the insect-infected branches, the dead branches and the drooping fruit-free branches;

pruning is carried out before and after winter solstice from the middle and last ten days of 11 months to the middle and last ten days of 12 months after fruit picking in winter, and the pruning is mainly light pruning and adopts the combination of retraction and thinning;

and (3) continuing to take light pruning as a main part before blooming in the middle ten days of 2 months to the end 3 months in the spring of the next year, and performing shaping pruning by adopting a mode of combining retraction and thinning so as to assist incomplete winter pruning or repeated pruning of missed pruning and unavailable pruning in winter.

The invention provides a lemon garden which comprises a plurality of lemon trees, wherein each lemon tree is obtained by pruning the lemon trees by a seasonal pruning method.

The seasonal trimming method of the lemon trees and the lemon garden of the embodiment of the invention have the beneficial effects that:

the provided seasonal trimming method for the lemon trees mainly performs summer trimming and assists autumn trimming. Aims to control poor summer shoot branches (mainly bare-grown branches, non-self-pruning branches and ground branches) so as to avoid causing tree body disorder, preserve fruits and balance the relationship between the fruits and the trees. The autumn pruning is mainly completed summer pruning, and the pruning is performed on poor branches which germinate again in summer and autumn, so that the difficulty and the strength of pruning in winter after fruit picking are reduced, the tree vigor is protected, and the nutrient consumption is reduced, so that the tree body grows robustly. On the other hand, the winter pruning is mainly used, the spring pruning is used as an auxiliary, and the spring is used for continuous pruning or repeated pruning after the winter pruning. Aims to adjust the tree structure and rejuvenate the tree vigor. The pruning method combining retraction and thinning is adopted to achieve the tree state after pruning, which is the basis of fruiting in the next year and overcomes the phenomenon of fruiting in the big and small years. Thereby ensuring the yield and the yield of the lemon.

In conclusion, the pruning method perfectly combines the characteristics of the lemon trees, can promote the main branches and the side branches of the lemon trees to be thick and strong, ensures that the quantity, the distribution or the structure of the lemon trees are more reasonable, is favorable for forming an ideal high-yield crown of the lemon trees, reduces the phenomenon of crown closure caused by the consumption of nutrients by redundant branches, is favorable for restoring and balancing the tree vigor, standardizing gardens and improving the microclimate in forests, is simultaneously favorable for farming operation and management, concentrates nutrient supply, enhances photosynthesis to promote reproductive growth, can accelerate the differentiation formation of fruiting branches and the flower bud differentiation, and promotes the early fruit bearing of the lemon trees, thereby realizing the high yield and stable yield of the lemon gardens.

The lemon garden comprises a plurality of lemon trees, and each lemon tree is obtained by pruning the lemon trees by a seasonal pruning method. The lemon garden has high yield and output and has great commercial value.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.

The following describes a method for seasonal pruning of lemon trees and a lemon garden according to an embodiment of the present invention.

A method of seasonal pruning of a lemon tree, comprising:

firstly, carrying out pruning and pruning 5-6 months in summer every year, wherein the pruning and pruning comprises pruning and bud picking for 2-3 times, and the pruning and bud picking comprises removing the tender tips and the tender shoots of the spiny branches germinated on the main stems and the skeletal branches through smearing, breaking off and shearing, and keeping the self-sheared tender cluster tips at the top ends of the peripheral extension branches;

secondly, continuously deleting the bare-grown branches and the buried branches in the inner bore of the trimmed tree body from 8 late months to before fruit picking in autumn every year, cutting off the ground branches, the jungled branches and the stock seedlings of which the main stems are 40cm away from the ground, and simultaneously retracting the insect-infected branches, the dead branches and the drooping fruitless branches;

then, performing shaping trimming before and after the winter solstice from the middle and last ten days of 11 months to the middle and last ten days of 12 months after fruit picking in winter, wherein the shaping trimming is mainly light trimming and adopts the combination of retraction and thinning;

then, the pruning is carried out by taking light pruning as the main part and adopting a mode of combining retraction and thinning before blooming from the middle ten days of 2 months to the end of 3 months in the spring of the next year so as to assist incomplete winter pruning or to be used as repeated pruning of missed pruning and unsettled pruning in winter.

Specifically, pruning is carried out in 5-6 months in summer every year, and the pruning and bud picking are carried out for 2-3 times, wherein the pruning and bud picking comprises the steps of removing the tender tips and the tender shoots of the bare branches sprouting on the main stems and the skeletal branches through smearing, breaking off and shearing, and keeping the self-sheared tender cluster tips at the top ends of the peripheral extension branches. Pruning and bud picking are carried out for 2-3 times in 5-6 months in summer. The method mainly removes tender shoots and tender shoots of the overgrown branches germinated on a trunk and a backbone branch by wiping, breaking off and shearing, particularly removes the overgrown branches germinated in an inner bore of a tree body frequently, prevents the overgrown branches from forming long branches and big branches (growing points of the overgrown branches are not self-sheared, the overgrown branches are strong in growing force and basically do not differentiate flower buds, and compete for nutrition with the tree body, and the overgrown branches can grow to about 3 meters in spring and about 2 centimeters in diameter or longer and larger upright branches in spring in the second year), and retains the tender cluster shoots self-sheared at the top ends of peripheral extension branches.

Preferably, when pruning is performed in summer, pinching with partly vacant and without branch groups and with overgrown branches is reserved, and the bearing branches are cultivated. The growing branches of the lemon trees are basically not fruited, and as the growing branches are mainly subjected to vegetative growth and are not easy to differentiate flower buds, growing branches of adult trees are basically removed and not left, but if the growing branches are vacant and have no branch group at the local part of the tree body, the core is picked and left, and the growing branches are cultured into fruiting mother branches. The extended branches and cluster branches extracted from the summer shoots are mostly mediocre branches, which require transportation and storage of nutrients for the tree body, but can also become fruiting branches. Generally, spring shoots and early-autumn shoots of lemon trees are fruiting branches and fruiting mother branches respectively, reproductive growth is mainly carried out, the lemon trees can blossom and bear fruits in four seasons, flower buds can be differentiated, blossom and bear fruits in the current year after the spring shoots are extracted in the current year, and the quantity and the quality of the flower buds are the material basis for high yield of the lemon trees.

Preferably, when the temperature in summer is higher than 28 ℃, bud picking and pruning are stopped. Medium-aged lemons are susceptible to sunburn on their relatively extreme hot weather (from mid-7 to late 8 months, with the highest temperature being greater than 28 ℃). Therefore, the trimming should be stopped when the temperature is too high, and the trimming should be performed after the temperature is lowered.

Specifically, the method is characterized in that the method continuously deletes the bare-grown branches and the branch sheltered from the inner bore of the trimmed tree body from the late 8 months of autumn to before fruit picking every year, and cuts off the ground branches, the arbuscular branches and the stock seedlings with the trunk part below 40cm away from the ground, and meanwhile, the insect-infected branches, the dead branches and the drooping fruit-free branches are retracted. The autumn pruning mainly aims at perfecting summer pruning and pruning bad branches which germinate again in summer and autumn, so that the difficulty and the strength of pruning in winter after fruit picking are reduced, the tree vigor is protected, and the nutrient consumption is reduced, so that the tree body grows robustly. And (4) continuously deleting the bare branches and the branches covered in the inner bore of the trimmed tree body until fruit picking in late 8 months, so that the inner bore is not blocked and closed, and the tree can be ventilated and transparent. And ground branches, clumpy branches and stock seedlings which grow with the distance of the trunk to the ground being less than 40cm are cut off, and other insect-infected branches, dead branches and drooping have no fruit branch retraction. Before picking fruits, the pruning is continued in summer and autumn, and the pruning force and the pruning workload after picking fruits are also reduced.

Specifically, the pruning is carried out before and after the winter solstice from the middle and last ten days of 11 months to the middle and last ten days of 12 months after fruit picking in winter, and the pruning is mainly light pruning and adopts the combination of retraction and thinning. In general, a short-cut mode is adopted, so that the branch tips with strong growth potential are prevented from being excited and extracted, and flower buds are reduced. The tree body can be robust by retraction pruning, the branch tips with strong growth potential are not easy to be drawn out by thinning pruning, and the drawn short branches are easy to self-shear to form flower buds. The shaping and pruning technique is strong, and the lemon can be manually pruned only after a pruning scheme is made according to the growth and development, the age, the vigor, the natural conditions, the planting density, the tree body structure and the like of the lemon. The lemon trees are fast-growing trees, grow and differentiate rapidly, have large growth difference with citrus trees of the same genus which are fatigued back to grow chronically, and can cause certain damage to trees if the citrus trees are not pruned properly. The tree individual is well adjusted through pruning, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is relieved to a certain extent through good permeability and light transmittance, so that the tree vigor is restored and balanced. Meanwhile, gardens are standardized, the microclimate in the forest is improved, and the operation and management of farming are facilitated.

The winter shaping and pruning further comprises maintaining a tree body structure, controlling main branches, side branches and branch groups according to a master-slave strong and weak format and a program, enabling a central trunk to keep superiority, controlling the height of the overground part of the tree body to be 2.2-2.5 m, and when the trunk exceeds 8% of the specified highest height, adopting a head-falling and distraction method to control.

As a preferred scheme, the thinning shearing is to cut dense branches, weak branches, insect-infected branches, disturbed branches, light-blocking branches, cross branches, overlapped branches and overgrown branches without reserved value, and the pruning procedure is to prune from outside to inside and from top to bottom in a front opening.

Specifically, the method is characterized in that the light pruning is continued to be mainly performed before blooming in the middle ten days of 2 months to the end of 3 months in the spring of the next year, and the method of combining retraction and thinning is adopted for shaping and pruning so as to assist the incomplete winter pruning or the repeated pruning of missed pruning and short pruning in winter. And after trimming in winter, performing continuous trimming or repeated trimming in spring. Aims to adjust the tree structure and rejuvenate the tree vigor. The pruning method combining retraction and thinning is adopted to achieve the tree state after pruning, which is the basis of fruiting in the next year and overcomes the phenomenon of fruiting in the big and small years. Thereby ensuring the yield and the yield of the lemon. Due to insufficient trimming time and large trimming force after fruit picking, trimming is not carried out when the untrimmed fruits enter into severe cold in winter, and trimming cannot be carried out even in low-temperature weather such as rain, snow, fog, frost and the like. For the safety of lemon trees, pruning can be continued only until the middle of 2 months of the next year and before 3 months of the next year before flowering. The trimming content is implemented according to winter trimming.

Preferably, the pruning is stopped when the temperature in winter is lower than 4 ℃. Meanwhile, in winter rain, snow, fog and frost weather, the trimming is stopped. In relatively extreme low-temperature weather (from the middle and last ten days of 12 months to the middle and last 2 months, when the lowest temperature is less than 4 ℃), the cut is easy to freeze, the wound is difficult to heal, the wound is easy to flow, pathogenic bacteria such as anthracnose, resina and the like are easy to invade from the frozen wound, and dead branches and even dead trees are caused in severe cases. Therefore, the trimming should be stopped during the extreme high temperature and the extreme low temperature period, and particularly, the extreme low temperature trimming causes more damage to the tree body.

In conclusion, the pruning method perfectly combines the characteristics of the lemon trees, can promote the main branches and the side branches of the lemon trees to be thick and strong, ensures that the quantity, the distribution or the structure of the lemon trees are more reasonable, is favorable for forming an ideal high-yield crown of the lemon trees, reduces the phenomenon of crown closure caused by the consumption of nutrients by redundant branches, is favorable for restoring and balancing the tree vigor, standardizing gardens and improving the microclimate in forests, is simultaneously favorable for farming operation and management, concentrates nutrient supply, enhances photosynthesis to promote reproductive growth, can accelerate the differentiation and the flower bud differentiation of bearing branches, promotes the lemon trees to bear fruits in advance, and further realizes high and stable yield of the lemon gardens.

The embodiment of the invention also provides a lemon garden which comprises a plurality of lemon trees, wherein each lemon tree is obtained by pruning the lemon trees by a seasonal pruning method. The lemon garden has high yield and output and has great commercial value.

Preferably, the height of the crown of the lemon tree is 2.2-2.5 m, and the width of the lemon tree is 2.5-3.0 m. The planting density of the lemon garden is 40-55 plants/mu. The high-yield lemon garden needs more high-yield lemon trees, the crown and branch body composition of each lemon tree are standardized to the greatest extent, and each lemon tree has good basic skeleton and bearing branches and medium branches with reasonable quantity, distribution or structure and is regarded as a crown with high yield, so that the lemon garden is the basis of sustainable high yield.

The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.

Examples

The embodiment provides a lemon garden comprising a plurality of lemon trees. The lemon trees are mainly obtained by pruning the following seasonal pruning method of lemon trees:

firstly, pruning is carried out in 5-6 months in summer every year, the pruning and the bud picking are carried out for 2 times, the pruning and the bud picking comprise the steps of removing the young shoots of the spindly branches sprouting on the main trunk and the bone branches through smearing, breaking off and shearing, and the young cluster tips of the top ends of the peripheral extension branches are kept. Stopping bud picking and pruning when the temperature in summer is higher than 28 ℃. And (4) aiming at pinching and reserving partial vacancy without branch groups and with overgrown branch tips, and culturing the partial vacancy without branch groups into bearing branches.

And then, continuously deleting the bare-grown branches and the buried branches in the inner cavities of the trimmed tree bodies from 8 late months to before fruit picking in autumn every year, cutting off the ground branches, the jungled branches and the stock seedlings of which the main branches grow at a distance of less than 40cm from the ground, and simultaneously retracting the insect-infected branches, the dead branches and the drooping fruitless branches.

And then, performing shaping and trimming before and after the winter solstice from the middle and late ten days of 11 months to the middle and late ten days of 12 months after fruit picking in winter, wherein the shaping and trimming is mainly performed by light trimming and adopts the combination of retraction and thinning. The trimming is stopped when the temperature in winter is lower than 4 ℃ and in rainy, snowy, foggy and frosty days in winter.

The winter shaping and pruning also comprises the step of maintaining the tree body structure, and controlling the main branches, the side branches and the branch groups according to the master-slave strong and weak format and program, so that the central trunk keeps the advantages, and the height of the overground part of the tree body is controlled to be 2.5 m. The thinning pruning is to prune dense branches, weak branches, insect-disease branches, disturbing branches, light blocking branches, cross branches, overlapped branches and overgrown branches without reserved value, and pruning is carried out from outside to inside and from top to bottom and at a front opening.

Comparative example

The prior art is a lemon tree pruning method.

Examples of the experiments

The pruning method in the prior art and the pruning method provided by the embodiment are respectively applied to the lemon gardens with the planting density of 55 plants/mu, the average annual mu yield of the lemon gardens in the continuous three-year high yield period is calculated and recorded, and the results are shown in the table below.

TABLE 1 average annual acre yield at productive period

Numbering	Yield (kg)
		EXAMPLES year one	1600
EXAMPLES second year	1700
		EXAMPLES year three	1610
Comparative example first year	750
		Comparative example the second year	1200
Comparative example third year	800

According to the data shown in table 1, the crown of a single lemon tree can be controlled within the range of 2.2-2.5 m (height) multiplied by 2.5-3.0 m (width), the lemon garden is planted at the density of 55 plants per mu (3 mx4 m), the average annual acre yield in the high-yield period reaches more than 1500 kg, the annual acre yield is increased by more than 500 kg compared with the annual acre yield of a conventional orchard (the average annual acre yield in the high-yield period of the conventional orchard is about 1000 kg), the yield is reduced if no natural factors can be resisted, the high yield and the stable yield can be basically achieved, and the appearance in large and small years can be basically avoided. If scientific fertilizing, flower and fruit, pest and disease damage and water-saving irrigation management technologies are supplemented, the lemon garden has high yield, and the quality of fruits can be effectively improved.

In conclusion, the provided seasonal trimming method for the lemon trees mainly performs summer trimming and assists autumn trimming. Aims to control poor summer shoot branches (mainly bare-grown branches, non-self-pruning branches and ground branches) so as to avoid causing tree body disorder, preserve fruits and balance the relationship between the fruits and the trees. The autumn pruning is mainly completed summer pruning, and the pruning is performed on poor branches which germinate again in summer and autumn, so that the difficulty and the strength of pruning in winter after fruit picking are reduced, the tree vigor is protected, and the nutrient consumption is reduced, so that the tree body grows robustly. On the other hand, the winter pruning is mainly used, the spring pruning is used as an auxiliary, and the spring is used for continuous pruning or repeated pruning after the winter pruning. Aims to adjust the tree structure and rejuvenate the tree vigor. The pruning method combining retraction and thinning is adopted to achieve the tree state after pruning, which is the basis of fruiting in the next year and overcomes the phenomenon of fruiting in the big and small years. Thereby ensuring the yield and the yield of the lemon.

The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for seasonal pruning of lemon trees, comprising:

the method is characterized in that the light pruning is continuously taken as the main part before blooming in the middle ten days of 2 months to the end of 3 months in the spring of the next year, and the shaping pruning is carried out by adopting a mode of combining retraction and thinning so as to assist the incomplete winter pruning or the repeated pruning of missed pruning and unavailable pruning in winter;

the winter pruning method further comprises the steps of maintaining the tree body structure, controlling main branches, side branches and branch groups according to a master-slave strong and weak format and program, enabling the central trunk to keep the advantages, controlling the height of the overground part of the tree body to be 2.5-3 m, and controlling by adopting a head falling and distraction method when the trunk exceeds 3 m.

2. The method of seasonal trimming of lemon trees according to claim 1, wherein the bud picking trimming is stopped when the temperature in summer is higher than 28 ℃.

3. The method of seasonal trimming of lemon trees according to claim 1, wherein the plastic trimming is stopped when the temperature in winter is below 4 ℃.

4. The method of seasonal trimming of lemon trees according to claim 1, characterized in that the trimming is stopped in winter rain, snow, fog and frost weather.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the pruning is to prune dense branches, weak branches, pest-infected branches, disturbed branches, light-blocking branches, cross branches, overlapping branches, and overgrown branches without preserved value, and the pruning procedure is from outside to inside, top to bottom, and straight branches.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fruit branches are cultivated in summer with respect to pinching retention of local vacancies without branch groups and with free-grown branch tips when pruning is performed.

7. A lemon garden comprising a plurality of lemon trees, each lemon tree being obtained by seasonal pruning of a lemon tree according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The lemon garden of claim 7, wherein the lemon trees have a crown height of 2.2 to 2.5m and a width of 2.5 to 3.0 m.

9. The lemon garden of claim 7, wherein the lemon garden has a planting density of 40-55 plants/acre.