CN108617389B - Stereoscopic planting method for blueberries and kiwi fruits in greenhouse - Google Patents
Stereoscopic planting method for blueberries and kiwi fruits in greenhouse Download PDFInfo
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- CN108617389B CN108617389B CN201810471008.4A CN201810471008A CN108617389B CN 108617389 B CN108617389 B CN 108617389B CN 201810471008 A CN201810471008 A CN 201810471008A CN 108617389 B CN108617389 B CN 108617389B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/14—Greenhouses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
- A01H1/027—Apparatus for pollination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Abstract
A three-dimensional planting method for blueberries and kiwi fruits in a greenhouse belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and the method is used for removing dormancy of the blueberries and the kiwi fruits, so that the problem of desquamation of the blueberries and the kiwi fruits which are not synchronous is solved, and the yield and the plant growth vigor are guaranteed; according to the technical scheme, by controlling the planting density of the kiwi fruits and properly trimming branches of the kiwi fruits, the requirement that certain degree of shade is liked by growth and development of blueberries is met, the quality of the blueberries is improved, and the kiwi fruits have certain yield, so that a win-win planting effect is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a greenhouse blueberry and kiwi fruit three-dimensional planting method.
Background
The blueberry, also known as bilberry, is a cultivated species of vaccinium of Ericaceae, and is a new fruit tree species with higher economic value and wide development prospect. At present, the blueberry industry is developed vigorously, and the cultivation area is enlarged continuously. In order to enable blueberries to appear on the market in advance and improve economic benefits, more and more farmers cultivate protected blueberries. However, the blueberries are ripe once a year, the picking season is short, at most two months, the passenger flow is low in other time, and the economic benefit is not high. And the steel construction facility canopy that blueberry facility cultivation was built is mostly high canopy, and simple blueberry cultivation can only utilize the space range of 2 meters above the ground at most, and the space more than 2 meters does not utilize, causes the canopy inner space extravagant, and the aesthetic property is poor.
Kiwi fruit is increasingly favored because of its high Vc content and its ability to modulate immunity. In recent years, a large number of kiwi fruit varieties are introduced in the north, and are easy to suffer from freezing damage and late spring cold damage in open field cultivation, so that yield is reduced or the kiwi fruit is harvested absolutely, and fruit farmers are disastrous. For open field cultivation, natural disasters can be avoided in big-arch shelter cultivation, if: losses caused by natural disasters such as hail, rainstorm, snowstorm and the like are effective ways for developing the kiwi fruits.
The kiwi fruit is cultivated by adopting a shed frame, theoretically, the kiwi fruit can be cultivated with the blueberry in a three-dimensional mode, the space of a greenhouse is effectively utilized, the multiple cropping index is improved, and the economic benefit is increased. At present, the three-dimensional cultivation of interplanting Chinese chives, konjak, sweet potatoes, kiwi fruits and tea and the like is reported for kiwi fruits, but the three-dimensional cultivation of blueberries and kiwi fruits in greenhouses is not reported. The symbiotic cultivation of blueberries and kiwi fruits needs to solve a series of problems: the blueberries and the kiwi fruits belong to deciduous fruit trees, so the greenhouse forcing culture can be carried out only by thoroughly releasing dormancy. The cooling capacity for dormancy breaking of the common blueberry cultivation variety is between 200 and 800CU, and dormancy breaking is about completed from the end of twelve months to the end of one month; the cold requirement for dormancy release of the flower buds of Chinese and delicious kiwi fruits is 600-. Therefore, the blueberry and the kiwi fruit planted in the greenhouse in a three-dimensional way must be ensured to be synchronously dormancy-released. Meanwhile, although blueberries belong to shade-loving plants, excessive shading can also affect photosynthesis, causing problems of poor growth, reduced fruit quality and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a greenhouse blueberry and kiwi fruit three-dimensional planting method, which promotes the blueberry and kiwi fruit to synchronously release dormancy, and sets proper cultivation density and management measures to ensure high yield and high quality of the blueberry and kiwi fruit.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a greenhouse blueberry and kiwi fruit three-dimensional planting method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) selecting blueberries and kiwi fruits with rhizomes of more than 5-8 mm for greenhouse planting; the planting time of the blueberries is 11 months, and the planting time of the kiwi fruits is 11 months to 12 months; applying enough base fertilizer before field planting;
(2) planting density: planting blueberries according to the conventional greenhouse planting density; the planting density of the kiwi fruits is 12m per21 strain; the blueberry planting rows can be covered by a mulching film or a grass prevention cloth after field planting so as to prevent weeds from breeding and reduce the humidity in the shed;
(3) pulling the grid iron wires at a position 1.8-2.5 m above the ground to form a shed frame, and allowing the branches and tendrils of the kiwi fruit to grow along the shed frame;
(4) buckling a shed: buckling a shed after the blueberry and the kiwi fruit are planted; releasing dormancy after buckling the shed: covering a quilt on the shed in the daytime, and raising the quilt at night; the temperature is raised periodically at the end of 12 months, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 8-12 ℃ for 5 days, 12-15 ℃ for 4 days, 15-18 ℃ for 3 days, 18-22 ℃ for 3 days and 22-25 ℃ for 3 days, and then the temperature is kept at 28 ℃ or below; keeping the humidity in the shed at 50-60%;
(5) pruning the kiwi fruits in winter: each kiwi fruit tree retains 8-12 fruiting mother branches, the length is 40-200cm, and the rest branches are trimmed and removed, so that the lighting and normal growth of the blueberries are not influenced;
(6) pollination: after planting, the blueberries and the kiwi fruits enter a flowering and fruiting period two years later, and bees are put in the flowering period for pollination; in the flowering period of each year, bees are put in the greenhouse for pollination; during the period, the kiwi fruits can continuously bloom, and when the kiwi fruits are planted, male kiwi fruit trees are bred, so that bees do not need to be additionally placed;
(7) watering and fertilizing according to the soil moisture content; the blueberries are picked at the end of 4-5 months, the weight of kiwi fruits reaches about 50g, and the picking period of kiwi fruits is 8-11 months.
Furthermore, the plant spacing and the row spacing of the kiwi fruits in the step (2) are 3-6 meters and 2-4 meters respectively.
Further, the density of the bees put in the step (6) is 667m per bee21.5-2.5 ten thousand bees are placed.
Further, the dormancy release process is started from 10 days 11 to 10 days 12 each year.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method solves the problem of desquamation and desquamation of the blueberry and the kiwi fruit, and ensures that the flower buds and the leaf buds of the blueberry and the kiwi fruit are completely desquamated, thereby ensuring the yield and the plant growth vigor; the blueberry greenhouse has the advantages that the characteristics that the mature periods of blueberry fruits and kiwi fruits are different in the greenhouse are well utilized, the mature period of the blueberry fruits is 3-5 months, the mature period of the kiwi fruits is 8-11 months, blueberry picking can be carried out in 4-5 months, kiwi fruit picking can be carried out in 8-11 months, the blueberry fruits and the kiwi fruits are high in nutritive value and are more and more accepted by consumers, and the kiwi fruits are rare in the north, so that the blueberry greenhouse and the kiwi fruits are perfectly combined, the two purposes are realized in one greenhouse, customers can be maintained for a long time, and the income of farmers can be increased.
2. The invention solves the overwintering problem of the kiwi fruits and effectively prevents the harm of late spring coldness. In northern areas such as Shandong province, the kiwi fruits cultivated in the open air are always damaged by freezing and late spring cold in early spring.
3. The blueberry shed disclosed by the invention fully utilizes the space above the blueberries, the kiwi fruits belong to vine plants, the water and fertilizer supply is sufficient in the shed, the influence of the external natural environment is less, the growth speed is high, the shelf surface formed above the blueberries looks beautiful, the blueberry shed can shield the blueberries appropriately at high temperature, the sunscald fruits of the blueberries are avoided, picked customers feel a little shady and cool in the high-temperature shed, and the blueberry picking experience of the customers is improved.
4. According to the invention, the planting density of the blueberries and the kiwi fruits is reasonably set, and the branches of the kiwi fruits are properly trimmed, so that the requirement that the blueberries grow and develop like shading to a certain degree is met, the quality of the blueberries is improved, and the kiwi fruits have a certain yield, thereby obtaining a win-win planting effect.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way by the examples.
Example 1
A greenhouse blueberry and kiwi fruit three-dimensional planting method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) blueberries and kiwi fruits with the tree age of 2 years and the rhizome of 5-8 mm are used for greenhouse planting; the planting time of the blueberries is 11 months and the planting time of the kiwi fruits is 11 months and 30 days; applying enough base fertilizer before field planting, wherein each kiwi fruit is applied with 200 g of calcium superphosphate and 15 kg of decomposed manure or finished organic fertilizer;
(2) planting density: planting blueberries at a row spacing of 2m and a plant spacing of 1 m; planting a row of kiwi fruits in the middle of a blueberry row, wherein the row spacing of the kiwi fruits is 6 meters; after planting, covering the blueberry planting rows with a mulching film or a grass prevention cloth to prevent weeds from breeding and reduce the humidity in the shed;
(3) pulling the grid iron wires at a position 2m above the ground to form a shed frame, and allowing branches and tendrils of the kiwi fruits to grow along the shed frame;
(4) buckling a shed: buckling a shed on the second day after the blueberries and the kiwi fruits are planted; then, the dormancy breaking treatment is carried out: covering a quilt on the shed in the daytime, and raising the quilt at night; the temperature is raised periodically at the end of 12 months, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 8-12 ℃ for 5 days, 12-15 ℃ for 4 days, 15-18 ℃ for 3 days, 18-22 ℃ for 3 days and 22-25 ℃ for 3 days, and then the temperature is kept at 28 ℃ or below; keeping the humidity in the shed at 50-60%;
(5) pruning the kiwi fruits in winter: each kiwi fruit tree retains 8-12 fruiting mother branches, the length is 40-200cm, and the rest branches are trimmed and removed, so that the lighting and normal growth of the blueberries are not influenced;
(6) pollination: after planting, the blueberries and the kiwi fruits enter a flowering and fruiting period two years later, and bees are put in the flowering period for pollination; each 667m21, placing bees, namely about 2 ten thousand bees; during the period, the kiwi fruits can continuously bloom, and when the kiwi fruits are planted, male kiwi fruit trees are bred, so that bees do not need to be additionally placed;
(7) watering and fertilizing according to the soil moisture content; the blueberries are picked at the end of 4-5 months, the weight of kiwi fruits reaches about 50g, and the picking period of kiwi fruits is 8-11 months.
TABLE 1 stereo planting effect of blueberry and kiwi fruit (667 m)2)
| Planting pattern | Blueberry yield (kg) | Kiwi fruit yield (kg) |
| Blueberry | 559.2±38.4 | 0 |
| Blueberry and kiwi fruit | 565.7±35.9 | 1327.6±148.3 |
4 667m of blueberry and kiwi fruit three-dimensional cultivation mode and blueberry independent planting mode are respectively set2Big-arch shelter from blueberryAnd the kiwi fruits enter the fruiting period, and the experiments are continuously carried out for 4 years. At present, the blueberries and the kiwi fruits which are planted in a three-dimensional mode grow well, the yield is high, the variety is good, and the mode is shown to have a very good popularization prospect.
Claims (5)
1. A greenhouse blueberry and kiwi fruit three-dimensional planting method is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) selecting blueberries and kiwi fruits with rhizomes of more than 5-8 mm for greenhouse planting; the planting time of the blueberries is 11 months, and the planting time of the kiwi fruits is 11 months to 12 months; applying enough base fertilizer before field planting;
(2) planting density: planting blueberries according to the conventional greenhouse planting density; the planting density of the kiwi fruits is 12m per21 strain;
(3) pulling the grid iron wires at a position 1.8-2.5 m above the ground to form a shed frame, and allowing the branches and tendrils of the kiwi fruit to grow along the shed frame;
(4) buckling a shed: buckling a shed after the blueberry and the kiwi fruit are planted; releasing dormancy after buckling the shed: covering a quilt on the shed in the daytime, and raising the quilt at night; the temperature is raised periodically at the end of 12 months, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 8-12 ℃ for 5 days, 12-15 ℃ for 4 days, 15-18 ℃ for 3 days, 18-22 ℃ for 3 days and 22-25 ℃ for 3 days, and then the temperature is kept at 28 ℃ or below; keeping the humidity in the shed at 50-60%;
(5) pruning the kiwi fruits in winter: each kiwi fruit tree retains 8-12 fruiting mother branches, the length is 40-200cm, and the rest branches are trimmed and removed, so that the lighting and normal growth of the blueberries are not influenced;
(6) pollination: after planting, the blueberries and the kiwi fruits enter a flowering and fruiting period two years later, and bees are put in the flowering period for pollination; in the flowering period of each year, bees are put in the greenhouse for pollination; during the period, the kiwi fruits can continuously bloom, and when the kiwi fruits are planted, male kiwi fruit trees are bred, so that bees do not need to be additionally placed;
(7) watering and fertilizing according to the soil moisture content; the blueberries are picked at the end of 4-5 months, and the picking period of the kiwi fruits is 8-11 months.
2. The three-dimensional planting method for greenhouse blueberries and kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the row spacing of the kiwi fruits in the step (2) is 3-6 meters, and the row spacing is 2-4 meters.
3. The three-dimensional planting method for blueberry and kiwi fruit in greenhouse as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), after the blueberry and kiwi fruit are planted, a mulching film or grass prevention cloth is used for covering the blueberry planting rows.
4. The greenhouse blueberry and kiwi fruit stereoscopic planting method according to claim 1, wherein bee releasing density in step (6) is 667m per unit21.5-2.5 ten thousand bees are placed.
5. The stereoscopic planting method for greenhouse blueberries and kiwi fruits according to claim 1, wherein the dormancy-releasing treatment in the step (4) is started from 10 days of 11 months to 10 days of 12 months every year.
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| CN103891495A (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2014-07-02 | 安徽和美蓝莓生物科技有限公司 | Multivariate space ecological blueberry planting pattern |
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