CN112825722B - Pruning method for peach tree - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a pruning method of a sweet orange and pomelo peach tree, which comprises the following steps: step 1, determining plant row spacing and planting, wherein the plant spacing is 3 meters, and the row spacing is 4 meters; the planting time is between 12 months of each year and 3 months of the next year; step 2, field planting and current annual repair, in the current annual planting and current annual peach tree field planting, setting the trunk for 60-70 cm, pruning the top end, and leaving three main branches and fruiting parent branches; and 3, pruning the second year after field planting, leaving a fruiting parent branch or auxiliary raising branch in the next year on the fruiting parent branch, and pruning all other new branches. And 4, pruning the peach in the third year and later after field planting, after harvesting the peach in summer every year, pruning all new branches in spring and summer, leaving twenty fruiting parent branches, and performing cyclic operation every year later. The method is simple in operation, labor-saving, water-saving and fertilizer-saving, peach trees do not need to be cut in winter, flowers and fruits are not needed to be thinned, the loading capacity of the peach trees is proper, mature peach fruits are uniform, the quality is good, the yield is moderate, and the peach tree pruning method is suitable for popularization.

Description

Pruning method for peach tree

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree pruning, and relates to a peach tree pruning method.

Background

Peach (academic name: amygdalus persica l.): plants of the genus Prunus of the family Rosaceae. Small deciduous arbor; the leaves are in a shape from narrow oval to needle-like, 15 cm long and 4 cm wide, the tips grow and thin, the edges are provided with thin teeth, the edges are dark green and glossy, and the leaf bases are provided with honeyglands; the bark is dark gray, and cracks appear with age; the peanut, from pink to dark pink or red, is sometimes white, has a short stem and has a diameter of 4 cm, and blooms in early spring; the near spherical stone fruit has haired and red surface, and has orange-yellow and red meat, diameter of 7.5 cm, core with deep pits and grooves, and white seed. Peach is a small fallen leaf arbor with fruit, flowers can be seen, the fruit is juicy, the peach can be eaten raw or preserved peach, can and the like, and nucleolus can also be eaten. The pulp is white and yellow, the peaches are of various varieties, the peel is general, the peel is rough, and the peel of the nectarine is smooth; flat peach fruit is in a flat disc shape; the peach is a peach tree for ornamental flowers and has petals in various forms. And (5) in China, the original product is widely cultivated in each provincial area. There are cultivated all over the world.

In the traditional pruning method, after field planting, three main branches on a main rod fall or are adjacent to each other at a distance of 10-15 cm, the three main branches extend at an opening angle of 30-45 degrees, each main branch is provided with 2-3 side branches, the opening angle is 60-80 degrees, the main branches are few, the side branches are strong, the backbone branch distance is large, the illumination is good, the service life of a branch group is long, the branches are less and are excessively long, the pruning amount is light, the result area is large, and the yield is high. The operation is complex, and winter shearing and summer shearing are carried out once each year. When winter pruning is performed, the yield is controlled according to the tree shape and the fruit table quantity, the cross branches and the overlapped branches are thinned, and when summer pruning is performed, the back branches are pruned, so that a great amount of nutrition is consumed for the tree body, the labor input is increased, and the economic benefit is obviously reduced along with the continuous rising of the labor price; the aging and aging of the practitioners are more and more prominent, and the young people have difficulty in mastering the traditional technology. If the operation is simple, the yield is moderate and the quality is improved, and the improvement on the pruning method of peach trees is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a peach tree pruning method, which solves the problems of complicated operation method, difficult grasp, high production cost, unstable yield, uneven fruit size of peach and poor quality of the existing pruning method.

The technical scheme of the invention is that the pruning method of peach trees comprises the following steps:

step 1, determining plant row spacing and planting:

the plant spacing is 3 meters, and the row spacing is 4 meters; the planting time is between 12 months of each year and 3 months of the next year;

step 2, field planting is carried out in the current year:

setting the trunk of the peach tree in the current year, cutting off the top end of the tree, respectively reserving a full bud in three directions, removing other buds, stretching the three buds in three directions to form three main branches, and pulling the branches in the current year from 6 months to 8 months; after the branches are pulled, pruning upper branches and lower branches of the back, and taking the newly developed strong branch tips in summer as the fruiting parent branches and side branches in the next year;

step 3, pruning in the second year after field planting:

the fruiting period is entered the next year after the peach tree is planted, two side branches are selected from each main branch in summer, and the upper back and lower branches and the inner bore branches are cut off; leaving a fruiting parent branch or auxiliary raising branch every 30 cm on the fruiting parent branch in the next year, and pruning all other new branches;

step 4, pruning after the third year of field planting:

after planting for the third year and the third year, harvesting peaches in summer every year, cutting off new branches in spring and summer, leaving twenty fruiting parent branches, taking the cut new branches as fruiting parent branches in the next year, eliminating the need of pruning in winter, and performing cyclic operation according to the step every year.

Further, the directions of the three main branches in the step 2 are respectively as follows: north, southwest and southwest.

Further, two side branches are selected from each main branch in the step 3, the distance between the first side branch and the main branch is 50 cm, the distance between the second side branch and the main branch is 80 cm, the side branches are staggered, and the side branches are arranged on two sides of the main branch.

Further, the peach trees are fertilized during the pruning process of each step.

The method has the advantages of simple operation, labor and water saving, fertilizer saving, no need of winter pruning for peach trees, no need of flower thinning and fruit thinning, proper loading capacity for peach trees, uniform mature peach fruits, good quality, good coloring and moderate yield, and no personnel engaged in peach planting and cultivation, and can smoothly plant the peach trees according to the method, thereby being worthy of large-scale popularization.

Detailed Description

The following examples of the present invention are described in further detail, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and all the examples using the similar preparation method or the similar variation of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

The pruning method of the peach tree comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps of selecting a planting field, namely, a zone with an altitude of 800 meters, leeward facing the sun and a soil layer depth of not less than 30 cm, and ensuring good soil layer ventilation;

step 1, ridging, applying base fertilizer, determining plant row spacing and planting.

Ridging to 30 cm in height, ridge width to 100 cm, planting distance to 3 m and row distance to 4 m; 3000 kg of farmyard manure and 2 kg of logo fertilizer (ferrous sulfate, potassium sulfate and the like) are applied to each mu, pits with the depth of 50 cm and the side length of 50 cm are dug, and seedlings are planted. The planting time is between 12 months of each year and 3 months of the next year.

And 2, field planting, namely pruning and applying additional fertilizer in the current year.

In the current year of peach tree planting, setting stem for 60-70 cm, cutting off top end, leaving one full bud in each of three directions, removing other buds, extending the three buds in three directions, and pulling branches for 6-8 months; the first main branch faces north, the second main branch faces southeast, the third main branch faces southwest, three main branches are formed, after the branches are pulled, the upper back branches and the lower back branches are pruned, and the newly developed robust branch tips in summer are used as the fruiting parent branches and the side branches in the next year. After the branch is pulled, each tree is applied with an annular ditch dug 10 cm deep at a position 30 cm from the trunk, 50 g of urea is applied, and the tree is covered with soil.

Step 3, pruning shears for the second year after field planting

Two side branches are selected from each main branch in summer after the peach tree is planted for the second year, the distance between the first side branch and the main branch is 50 cm, the distance between the second side branch and the main branch is 80 cm, and the side branches are staggered and arranged on two sides of the main branch. After the side branches are left, the upper and lower branches and the inner bore branches of the rest back are cut off. And (3) leaving a fruiting parent branch or an auxiliary raising branch every 30 cm on the fruiting parent branch in the next year, and pruning all other new branches. After leaves of peach tree fall, 5 kg of compound fertilizer with concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 30% is applied to ditches with a depth of 20 cm and a length of 100 cm on two sides of trunk of each plant, and soil is covered.

Step 4, pruning after the third year of field planting

After planting for the third year and three years, harvesting peaches in summer every year, cutting off new branches in spring and summer completely, and leaving twenty fruiting parent branches, wherein the new branches after cutting off are used as fruiting parent branches in the next year. No pruning is needed in winter, and the operation is circularly performed every year later. After leaves of peach tree fall, 5 kg of compound fertilizer with concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 30% is applied to ditches with a depth of 20 cm and a length of 100 cm on two sides of trunk of each plant, and soil is covered.

The method has the advantages of simple operation, moderate yield and good peach quality. The fruit surface is well colored and the fruit size is uniform only by cutting in summer and not in winter. People who do not have engaged in peach planting production can also plant peach trees directly, so that the problems of complex operation and need to plant talents with abundant experiences in the conventional peach planting process are avoided. The peach enters into a full-bearing period after three years, and the peach is cut twice in winter and summer by a common method, so that a great amount of water and fertilizer and labor are wasted, and the produced fruits are uneven in size and poor in quality. The flower and fruit thinning operation is also required, and after heavy shearing in summer, the peach orchard can be conveniently subjected to operations such as fertilization, pesticide spraying and the like in winter. The method saves labor, water and fertilizer, avoids a great amount of water and fertilizer waste, and reduces environmental pollution.

The foregoing is merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the invention is not limited thereto, but any changes or substitutions that do not undergo the inventive effort should be construed as falling within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope defined by the claims.

Claims (4)

1. The pruning method of the peach tree is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1, determining plant row spacing and planting:

the plant spacing is 3 meters, and the row spacing is 4 meters; the planting time is between 12 months of each year and 3 months of the next year;

step 2, field planting is carried out in the current year:

setting the trunk of the peach tree in the current year, cutting off the top end of the tree, respectively reserving a full bud in three directions, removing other buds, stretching the three buds in three directions to form three main branches, and pulling the branches in the current year from 6 months to 8 months; after the branches are pulled, pruning upper branches and lower branches of the back, and taking the newly developed robust branch tips in summer as fruiting parent branches and side branch fruiting parent branches in the next year;

step 3, pruning in the second year after field planting:

the fruiting period is entered the next year after the peach tree is planted, two side branches are selected from each main branch in summer in the current year, and the upper back and lower branches and the inner bore branches are cut off; leaving a fruiting parent branch or auxiliary raising branch every 30 cm on the fruiting parent branch, and pruning all other new branches;

step 4, pruning after the third year of field planting:

after planting for the third year and the third year, harvesting peaches in summer every year, cutting off new branches in spring and summer, leaving twenty fruiting parent branches, taking the cut new branches as fruiting parent branches in the next year, eliminating the need of pruning in winter, and performing cyclic operation according to the step every year.

2. The method of pruning peach trees according to claim 1, wherein the three main branches in step 2 are oriented as follows: north, southwest and southwest.

3. The method of pruning peach tree according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, two side branches are selected from each main branch, the first side branch is spaced 50 cm from the trunk, the second side branch is spaced 80 cm from the trunk, and the side branches are staggered and arranged on both sides of the main branch.

4. The method of pruning peach trees as set forth in claim 1, wherein the peach trees are fertilized during the pruning of each step.