CN111602562B - Pruning method of fructus amomi - Google Patents
Pruning method of fructus amomi Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pruning method of fructus amomi, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) pruning period: pruning the amomum villosum seedlings in the vegetative growth period or the whole reproductive growth period; (2) pruning time: the method comprises the following steps of (1) pruning in spring and autumn and winter; (3) pruning: selecting fructus amomi at the shoot emergence stage, and carrying out plant division and pruning; (4) pruning positions: moving shears from 6-7 nodes at the front end of the stolon to cut off all stem buds; (5) pruning state: and selecting the plant with the top bud and the stem bud which are relatively plump, reserving the branches, and pruning other plants to complete the process. According to the invention, according to the characteristics of the growth and reproductive growth of the fructus amomi individual plant, the density of the plant group of the upright stem is reasonably regulated and controlled by pruning, the flower bud differentiation is promoted, each individual plant upright stem is provided with 2-3 creeping stems capable of bearing fruits, the problems of over-dense growth and few fruits of the upright stem of the fructus amomi individual plant are effectively solved, and the quality and the yield of the fructus amomi are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a pruning method of fructus amomi.
Background
Fructus Amomi (Amomum villosum Lour.) is a perennial herb of the genus Amomum of the family Zingiberaceae. The plant height can reach 3 m, and the stem grows scattered; the rootstock crawls the ground, the middle leaves are in a needle shape, the upper leaves are in a linear shape, the tail tips at the top ends are smooth and unhairing on the two sides, the leaves and tongues are semicircular, the spike-shaped inflorescence is oval, and the total pedicel is browned and short villus; the scales are membranous, oval, the bracts are needle-shaped, and the membranous is adopted; the small bract is tubular, the top of the calyx has three shallow teeth, white, the lobe is inverted oval, the labial disc is round spoon-shaped, white, and the ovary is white and soft. The capsule is elliptical, purple red when mature, brown after dry, polygonal in seed, strong in fragrance, bitter and cool in taste; 4-6 months of flowering; fruit period of 8-10 months. Distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan of China; cultivated or wild in the shade-wet place of mountain land. The fruits are used for medicine, have the best quality of Guangdong Yangchun and are mainly used for treating qi stagnation of spleen and stomach, indigestion, abdominal pain and distension, dysphagia and vomiting, cold diarrhea and cold dysentery. Fructus Amomi has high ornamental value, and can be used for ornamental flower in early summer and fruit in midsummer.
The amomum fruit seedling consists of an upright stem and an earth surface rootstock (stolon), the amomum fruit seedling needs to be planted for 2-3 years in a branch mode, if the nodes of the stolon are 1 grade of the upright stem differentiated from the stolon, 6-7 nodes of the front end of the stolon are generally differentiated into stem buds, each stem bud is provided, 2-3 stem buds can continuously grow and develop into the next grade of branch plant, the rest stem buds are in a dormant state, a plant network connected by the stolon is quickly formed after multiple branch plant growth, the growth and development process of the branch plant comprises a stolon elongation period (the period from the germination of the stolon to the upward growth of the top bud), a shoot emergence period (the period from the upward growth of the top bud of the stolon to the appearance of the 1 st leaf of the upright stem), a seedling period (the upright growth period of 1-9 leaves), a strong seedling period (the upright stem has 10 leaves to the appearance of the top leaf), and the long stem bud, And the seedling stage (the period from the top leaf to the withered period of the vertical stem) and the stolon lodging stage (the period from the withered of the vertical stem to the survival of the stolon to the withered period), wherein the shoot emergence stage is the initial stage of the division and differentiation formation of the subordinate plants. The complete growth division plant in each stage comprises a stolon and an upright stem at the top end of the stolon, wherein the upright stem is a vegetative branch, the stolon is a potential reproductive branch, the stolon of the plant group enters a reproductive growth period after the division plant grows for 2-3 years, flower buds begin to differentiate on a plurality of nodes at the front end of the stolon adjacent to the stem buds, and each node is differentiated into one flower bud. It was observed that the stolons of the plants at each growth stage had the ability to differentiate flower buds (corresponding to experiment 2).
Fructus amomi is rapidly divided, single-plant divided seedlings can be divided into 5-7 grades after being fixedly planted for one year, the average annual division number can reach hundreds of plants (corresponding to experiment 1), and because the upright stems and the stolons of the divided plants are in one-to-one correspondence, over-dense plant group density can be caused, light transmission is influenced, the photosynthetic growth of the leaves of the upright stems is finally influenced, and weak seedlings and diseased seedlings are easily caused. The reasonable pruning mode is to ensure the stolon quantity of the reproductive branches per unit area, reasonably control the density of the upright stems and ensure that each upright stem has sufficient growth space and sunlight, so that the high yield of the fructus amomi can be realized.
In the traditional method, in order to increase the number of stolons in unit area and control the density of the upright stems of the plant group, farmers select to cut off a large number of upright stems of old seedlings still having photosynthetic capacity while cutting off the upright stems of dead old seedlings in the daily planting management process, and only the stolons are left. However, this method has the following disadvantages: firstly, old seedlings with photosynthetic capacity are cut off, so that resource waste is caused; secondly, as the old plants are already subjected to plant division, the cutting of the upright stems does not inhibit the plant division speed of the plants in the shoot emergence period in which the final-stage plant division is vigorous.
Therefore, the technical personnel in the field need to solve the problem of how to provide a pruning method which can achieve the high-quality, stable-yield and high-efficiency standard of fructus amomi.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a pruning method for fructus amomi, which achieves the standards of high quality, stable yield and high efficiency of fructus amomi, so as to solve the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a pruning method of fructus amomi specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) pruning period: pruning the amomum villosum seedlings in the vegetative growth period or the whole reproductive growth period;
(2) pruning time: the method comprises the following steps of (1) pruning in spring and autumn and winter;
(3) pruning: selecting fructus amomi at the shoot emergence stage, and carrying out plant division and pruning;
(4) pruning positions: moving shears from 6-7 nodes at the front end of the stolon to cut off all stem buds;
(5) pruning state: and selecting the plant with the top bud and the stem bud which are relatively plump, reserving the branches, and pruning other plants to finish the pruning of the fructus amomi.
Further, in the step (1), the vegetative growth period is a period starting from the stage of 1-3 plant division growth after the field planting of the seedlings and the number of single plant division seedlings reaching more than 10.
The method has the further beneficial effects that the vegetative growth period of the amomum villosum seedlings is selected for pruning, the growth speed of the vegetative branches can be regulated and controlled, and the proportion of potential stolon bearing branches is increased.
Further, in the step (1), pruning is performed in autumn and winter in the vegetative growth period, and pruning is performed in spring or autumn and winter in the reproductive growth period.
The method has the further beneficial effects that the pruning in autumn and winter is selected, so that the condition that weak plants are formed in the low-temperature and low-humidity climate environment in winter can be reduced, and nutrients are supplied to the stolons to promote the reproductive growth of the stolons; the invention selects spring pruning, avoids competition of nutrients between the branch reproductive growth and the stolon reproductive growth, and promotes yield increase.
Further, in the step (3), the shoot emergence period is a period when the stolon stem growth is completed, the upright stem is about to start to grow, and the stem bud at the front end of the stolon begins to differentiate.
The method has the further beneficial effects that the shoot emergence period is the initial stage of the differentiation formation of the lower-level plantlets, generally, when the plantlets grow to the shoot emergence period, the creeping stem length growth is completed, the upright stem will begin to grow, the stem buds of the lower-level plantlets are differentiated on 6-7 nodes at the front ends of the stem buds, when the plantlets grow to the seedling period, the growing stem buds enter the creeping stem elongation period, the number of the lower-level plantlets is basically determined, when the plantlets reach the strong seedling period, the old seedling period and the lodging period, a small amount of dormant stem buds are removed to continue to germinate and grow into the lower-level plantlets, the lower-level plantlets of the normally growing stem buds are already generated, and therefore, the shoot emergence period is the key stage for controlling the differentiation formation of the lower-level plantlets. The invention selects the amomum fruit branch plant at the shoot emergence stage for pruning, and the movable shears are used for shearing all stem buds from the 6-7 nodes of the front end of the stolon, and all the terminal buds and the stem buds are sheared off, the pruning mode is essentially the topping treatment, the upright stem and the lower branch plant of the branch plant can be inhibited from continuously growing after the pruning, thereby controlling the branch plant growth speed of the whole plant group, and simultaneously, the higher nutrient supply is switched to the reproduction and growth of the stolon of the branch plant, thereby promoting the flower bud differentiation on the branch plant.
Furthermore, in the step (5), the number of the plants for the remaining branches is 1-2, and the number of the plants for the pruning is 1-2.
The method has the further beneficial effects that in the production process, 1-2 healthy branches can be left for each mother plant to normally grow in the fruit and fruit period of the amomum villosum in spring and summer according to the proportion, the replacement of the normal new and old plant groups and the plant group density are ensured, the rest 1-2 branches are pruned, the competition of the growth of the amomum villosum branches and the growth of the flowers and fruits for nutrients is reduced, the conversion of the pruned branches from the vegetative growth to the reproductive growth is promoted, and the flower bud differentiation is increased. In autumn and winter, 1-2 healthy branches can be remained for normal growth of each stock plant according to the plant group density, and the rest 1-2 branches are trimmed according to the method, so that the differentiation of stolon flower buds after trimming is promoted in advance. By the method, vegetative growth and reproductive growth of fructus Amomi can be balanced, the upright stems and the stolons correspond to each other before pruning treatment, after pruning treatment, the upright stems and the subordinate branches stop growing, each branch has 2-3 stolons along with the upright stem, and the proportion of potential fruiting branches is increased.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method of the invention reduces the resource waste and reasonably controls the upright stem density of unit area at the same time, so that the plants have sufficient space and sunlight growth; meanwhile, the number of stolons is not reduced by pruning, the upright stems correspond to the stolons one by one before pruning, and each branch of upright stems after pruning has 2-3 stolons which can bear fruits, so that the proportion of reproductive branches is increased, and the number of the stolons on the ground is ensured.
2. Because the pruning treatment of the invention is essentially topping treatment, the invention inhibits the growth of the upright stem and the lower-level branch of the treated branch, promotes the flower bud differentiation of the stolon, and further improves the quality and the yield of the amomum villosum.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, the focus of the pruning method for amomum villosum is on the pruning period and time and the influence on the differentiation of the plant division and the flower bud after pruning, and the pruning position and the pruning state are determined by the characteristics of plants and are generally unchanged.
Example 1
The fructus amomi pruning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pruning period: selecting fructus amomi branch plants which start from the vegetative growth period of over 10 plant seedlings after the seedling field planting and grow by branch plants for 3 grades, and pruning;
(2) pruning time: pruning in autumn and winter;
(3) pruning: pruning the amomum villosum seedlings in the shoot emergence period, wherein the stolon growth is completed, the upright stems are about to start to grow, and the stem buds at the front ends of the stolons start to differentiate;
(4) pruning positions: moving shears from 6 nodes at the front end of the stolon to remove all stem buds, and completely cutting off terminal buds and stem buds;
(5) pruning state: each branch plant generally has 3 subordinate branches, when the subordinate branches grow to the pruning period as in (1), 1 branch plant with plump terminal bud and stem bud is selected for branch reservation, and the rest 2 branch plants are pruned, namely the pruning of the fructus amomi is completed.
Pruning in autumn and winter in the vegetative growth period of fructus amomi inhibits the growth of lower-level branches, reduces weak plants formed in winter in low-temperature and low-humidity climates, improves the creeping stem proportion of potential reproductive branches, and leads each plant to have 2 creeping stems capable of bearing fruits (corresponding to experiment 3).
Example 2
The fructus amomi pruning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pruning period: selecting fructus Amomi seedlings in the whole reproductive period for pruning;
(2) pruning time: pruning in spring;
(3) pruning: selecting fructus amomi at the stage of shoot emergence for branch pruning, wherein the growth of the stolon stem is finished, the upright stem is about to start to grow, and the stem bud at the front end of the stolon stem starts to differentiate;
(4) pruning positions: moving shears from the position 7 knots at the front end of the stolons and containing all stem buds, and completely cutting off terminal buds and the stem buds;
(5) pruning state: each branch plant generally has 2 subordinate branches, when the subordinate branches grow to the pruning period as in (1), 1 branch plant with plump terminal bud and stem bud is selected for branch reservation, and the rest 1 branch plant is pruned, namely the pruning of the fructus amomi is completed.
Pruning in spring during the reproductive period of fructus amomi inhibits the growth of the next-stage branch plant, avoids the competition of the branch plant and the reproductive growth for nutrients, improves the differentiation ratio of the stolon buds of the treated branch plant by about 28.46 percent compared with that of the control, and promotes the yield increase of fructus amomi (corresponding to experiment 4).
Example 3
The fructus amomi pruning method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pruning period: selecting fructus Amomi seedlings in the whole reproductive period for pruning;
(2) pruning time: pruning in autumn and winter;
(3) pruning: pruning the amomum villosum seedlings in the shoot emergence period, wherein the stolon growth is completed, the upright stems are about to start to grow, and the stem buds at the front ends of the stolons start to differentiate;
(4) pruning positions: moving shears from the position 7 knots at the front end of the stolons and containing all stem buds, and completely cutting off terminal buds and the stem buds;
(5) pruning state: each branch plant generally has 3 subordinate branches, when the subordinate branches grow to the pruning period as in (1), 1 branch plant with plump terminal bud and stem bud is selected for branch reservation, and the rest 2 branch plants are pruned, namely the pruning of the fructus amomi is completed.
Pruning in autumn and winter in the reproductive period of fructus amomi inhibits the growth of the subordinate branch, and nutrients are supplied to the stolon plant to compete for nutrients with the reproductive growth, so that the flower bud differentiation of the stolon plant of the treated branch is improved by about 23.12 percent compared with that of the control, and the yield increase of fructus amomi is promoted (corresponding to experiment 5).
Performance testing
The invention provides a pruning method based on the growth characteristics of fructus amomi, mainly the plant division growth characteristics and the flower bud differentiation characteristics of fructus amomi. The experiment comprises fructus Amomi plant division growth observation experiment (regarding plant division speed experiment, corresponding to background technology: plant division is rapid, single plant division seedling can be divided into 5-7 grades after being planted for one year, average plant division number can reach hundreds of plants per year), and plant division flower bud differentiation condition observation experiment at different stages of fructus Amomi in reproductive period (indicating that each stage of plant can differentiate flower bud, corresponding to background technology: stolons of each stage of plant have flower bud differentiation capability), and the test of the influence of the pruning treatment in autumn and winter on the growth of the deciduous amomum fruit in vegetative growth period, the test of the influence of the pruning treatment in spring on the growth of the deciduous amomum fruit in reproductive growth period and the flower bud differentiation, and the test of the influence of the pruning treatment in autumn and winter on the growth of the deciduous amomum fruit in reproductive growth period and the flower bud differentiation were carried out respectively according to the pruning method of the amomum fruits in examples 1 to 3, and all the test processes and the test results are shown as follows.
1. Observation experiment of fructus Amomi dividing plant growth
The field planting of the fructus amomi is carried out by dividing the seedlings, the field planting is selected in a south medicinal garden (22 degrees 0 '21.04' N,100 degrees 47 '17.71' E and the altitude of 556m) of the Jinghong city of Xishuangbanna, and according to the local standard of Yunnan province, part 5 of the technical regulation of fructus amomi production: cultivation management DB53/T57.5-2019 carries out water, fertilizer and light management, the branch conditions are counted after 1 year of planting, the stolons and the upright stems of the branch plants which completely grow in the early stage correspond to each other one by one, the branch plant number takes the upright stem number as a statistical index, the last stage only starts the growth of the stolons, new branch plants of the upright stems do not appear yet, and the branch plant number takes the stolons with the length of more than 10cm as the statistical index.
The test results are shown in table 1. Wherein, the S-stolon elongation period, the C-bamboo shoot emergence period, the Y-seedling period, the Z-strong seedling period and the L-old seedling period.
TABLE 1 growth of Amomum villosum in the field after planting for 1 year
As can be seen from Table 1, the separate seedlings grow rapidly, the separate seedlings can be separated by 5-7 grades in one year after the separate seedlings are fixedly planted in the 1-plant seedlings, wherein 62.5% of the separate seedlings reach 6 grades, the average number of the lower-grade separate seedlings of each separate seedling is determined to be 2.82 according to the number of the lower-grade separate seedlings of the 1-plant seedlings, and the average total number of the separate seedlings in one year after the separate seedlings of the 1-plant seedlings are fixedly planted in the 1-plant seedlings is 104.3. And analyzing the growth states of all levels of the plants, wherein 1-2 levels of the plants at the early stage are mostly in the old seedling stage, 3 levels of the plants are mostly in the strong seedling stage, 4 levels of the plants are mostly in the seedling stage and the strong seedling stage, and 5-7 levels of the plants are mostly in the shoot emergence stage and the stolon elongation stage. The plant division of each stage comprises a strong seedling, a stolon elongation period, a seedling, a old seedling and a shoot emergence period in sequence from high to low in proportion of 27.39%, 22.86%, 19.85%, 17.65% and 12.25%, wherein the ratio of the shoot emergence period to the stolon elongation period reaches 35.11%, and the plant group division capacity is strong.
2. Observation test for differentiation condition of plant division flower buds of fructus amomi in different stages of reproductive period
Experiments show that the Amomum villosum field-cultivated plant is observed in three places, namely a south medicinal garden (22 degrees 0 '21.04' N,100 degrees 47 '17.71' E, an altitude of 556m) in Jinghong city, a Mengla county Meng town (21 degrees 48 '46.7' N,101 degrees 46 '34.1' E, an altitude of 790m), a Jinuo county (22 degrees 7 '16.3' N,102 degrees 3 '36.2' E, an altitude of 891m), wherein the Amomum villosum field-cultivated plant is planted in an artificial forest in 2010, the Munuo county town Amomum villosum field-cultivated plant is planted in a rice field-cultivated land in 2014, the Jinuo county Amomum villosum field-cultivated plant is planted in a natural forest in 2015, and at present, the three places are in the reproductive period.
And 3-6 months in 2018, when the fructus amomi flower buds begin to differentiate and develop, circling and marking 5 unit areas by nylon threads, and counting the differentiation condition of the plant-divided flower buds at each stage of a unit, wherein the stolons with the length of more than 20cm are taken as a statistical index in the elongation period of the stolons.
The test results are shown in table 2, wherein the S-stolon elongation period, the C-shoot emergence period, the Y-seedling period, the Z-strong seedling period, the L-old seedling period, and the SC-stolon lodging period.
TABLE 2 differentiation of flower buds of the different stages of the respective division of fructus Amomi (mean. + -. standard deviation)
As is clear from Table 2, the plants at each stage had flower bud differentiating ability, and the plant flower bud differentiating ability at each stage of three places was greatly different. The results of combining the three results show that the proportion of the flower bud differentiated plants in the total plants in the same stage shows that the values of all the other stages are more than 44% except the seedling stage, wherein the values of the outgoing period and the lodging period respectively reach 74.67% and 73.92%. The results of the proportion of the plants with flower buds to the total plants show that the values of the stolons in the elongation period and the seedling period are respectively 2.45 percent and 3.25 percent, and the values of other stages are between 11 percent and 13 percent. The result of the number of the differentiated flower buds of the single plant of the plant with the flower bud differentiation shows that the value of the plant is 1.23 in the seedling stage, the value of the plant is 1.6-2.1 in other stages, and the values of the plant in the shoot emergence stage and the strong seedling stage respectively reach 2.04 and 1.97.
Comprehensively considering the proportion of plant buds with flower bud differentiation and the number of flower buds differentiated from each plant in each stage, wherein the flower bud differentiation capacity of the four stages of the shoot growing stage, the seedling strengthening stage, the seedling old stage and the lodging stage is higher than that of the stolon extending stage and the seedling stage, when the plants in the stolon extending stage and the shoot growing stage have the flower bud differentiation, the vegetative shoot growth is obviously inhibited, the terminal buds basically stop growing, the final stage of the whole amomum plant group network in the stolon extending stage and the shoot growing stage is preliminarily analyzed, the plants belong to new sub plants and do not expand leaves, normally under the condition that the top end advantages are dominant, the upper sub plant can transfer nutrients to the terminal buds of the new sub plant to promote the vegetative shoot growth of the vegetative shoots, and when the terminal buds are inhibited from external influences, the nutrients of the upper sub plant can be transferred to promote the flower bud differentiation on the stolones.
3. Effect of autumn winter pruning treatment on the growth of the vegetative Amomum villosum (operating according to the pruning method of Amomum villosum in example 1)
The experiment selects the villous amomum fruit field in the vegetative growth period in the south pharmaceutical park (22 degrees 0 '21.04' N,100 degrees 47 '17.71' E, altitude 556m) of Jinghong city, Xishuangbanna. And randomly marking 30 fructus amomi deciduous plants in the stage of shoot emergence at the end of 11 years in 2019, cutting off the front end parts of the fructus amomi deciduous plants from 6-7 knots at the front ends of the fructus amomi deciduous plants, observing the deciduous plant growth and flower bud differentiation conditions on the treated stolones at the end of 5 months in 2020, wherein the deciduous plant growth condition takes the number of subordinate stolones with the length of more than 10cm as a statistical index, and marking 30 unprocessed deciduous plants in the same stage as the former stage as comparison.
The test results are shown in Table 3, wherein W-none, C-shoot emergence stage, Y-seedling stage and Z-strong seedling stage.
TABLE 3 influence of pruning treatment in autumn and winter on the growth of the deciduous plant of Amomum villosum in vegetative growth period
As can be seen from table 3, after the stolons at the shoot emergence period of amomum villosum in the vegetative growth period are subjected to pruning treatment in autumn and winter, no new vertical stem germination is seen at the top ends of the stolons, the stolons from which a small amount of stem buds are not completely removed are removed, and the lower-level plantlets are generated, and the stolons from which the stem buds are completely removed are not seen. The top upright stem of the control untreated stolon grew normally, and by 5 months, 70% of the upright stem developed to the strong seedling stage, 26.67% of the upright stem developed to the seedling stage, and the lower branch of each stolon counted 2.37 plants. The above results show that the pruning treatment in autumn and winter can inhibit the growth of the vertical stem at the front end of the creeping stem of the fructus amomi in the vegetative growth period and the plant division number of the lower stage.
4. Effect of spring pruning treatment on the growth of the plant and flower bud differentiation of Amomum villosum in the reproductive stage (operation according to the pruning method of Amomum villosum in example 2)
Experiments were conducted to select the villous Amomum field in the reproductive phase at the south medicinal orchard (22 ° 0 '21.04 "N, 100 ° 47' 17.71" E, altitude 556m) in Xishuangbanna Jinghong City. Randomly marking 30 fructus amomi deciduous plants in the stage of shoot emergence at the end of 2 months in 2020, counting the number of flower buds on the fructus amomi deciduous plants, cutting off the front end parts of the fructus amomi deciduous plants from 6-7 knots at the front end of the fructus amomi deciduous plants, entering the flowering stage in the middle ten days of 4 months, observing the growth of the deciduous plants on stolons and the differentiation conditions of the flower buds after treatment at the end of 5 months, wherein the deciduous plant conditions take the number of subordinate stolons with the length of more than 10cm as a statistical index, the differentiation conditions of the flower buds take the number of flowering flower buds as a statistical index, and marking 30 unprocessed deciduous plants in the same stage as a reference.
The test results are shown in Table 4, wherein W-none, C-shoot emergence stage, Y-seedling stage and Z-strong seedling stage.
TABLE 4 influence of spring pruning treatment on the growth of the plant and flower bud differentiation of Amomum villosum during reproductive period
As can be seen from table 4, after the stolons at the shoot emergence period of amomum villosum in the reproductive period are pruned in spring, no new vertical stem germination is seen at the top of the stolons, the stolons without complete removal of a small amount of stem buds have inferior plants, and the stolons without complete removal of the stem buds have inferior plants. In contrast to the untreated stolons, which had normal growth of the apical upright stems, in the 5 months, 53.3% of the upright stems had progressed to the seedling stage, and 30% of the upright stems had progressed to the strong seedling stage, with 2.29 plants per inferior branch of stolons. Meanwhile, the pruning treatment can promote the flower bud differentiation, and the statistical result at the end of 5 months shows that the number of flowering flower buds of each stolon is 1.67, the flower bud differentiation is carried out on 76.67 percent of stolons, the flower bud differentiation is increased by 35.14 percent compared with the flower bud differentiation at the end of 2 months, wherein 36.67 percent of plants have new flower bud differentiation, and only 3.3 percent of plants have partial flower buds which do not bloom. The number of flowering buds per stolon was 1.3 in comparison with untreated control, 66.67% of the stolons had flower bud differentiation, which was 7.14% lower than the number of flower buds counted at the end of 2 months, 16.67% of the plants had new flower bud differentiation, but 26.67% of the plants had some flower buds not flowering, and the number of flower bud differentiation of the stolons was increased by 28.46% in comparison with the treated stolons. The above results show that the spring pruning treatment can inhibit the growth of the erect stems at the front ends of the stolons and the plant numbers of the subordinate plants, and promote the flower bud differentiation. The pruning treatment in spring stops the vegetative growth of the plants in the shoot growing period, promotes the reproductive growth of creeping stems, continues the vegetative growth of the plants in the shoot growing period compared with the untreated plants, and competes for the nutrients of the parent plants with flower buds before leaf growing, thereby inhibiting the flower bud differentiation and finally reducing the number of flowering and flower buds.
5. Test of Effect of pruning treatment in autumn and winter on the growth of the plant and flower bud differentiation of Amomum villosum during the reproductive period (operation according to the pruning method of Amomum villosum in example 3)
Experiments were conducted to select the villous Amomum field in the reproductive phase at the south medicinal orchard (22 ° 0 '21.04 "N, 100 ° 47' 17.71" E, altitude 556m) in Xishuangbanna Jinghong City. Randomly marking 30 fructus amomi deciduous plants in the stage of shoot emergence in 11 months in 2019, counting the number of flower buds on the fructus amomi deciduous plants, cutting off the front end parts of the fructus amomi deciduous plants from 6-7 knots at the front end of the fructus amomi deciduous plants, entering the flowering stage in 4 months in 2020, observing the growth of the deciduous plants on stolons and the differentiation conditions of the flower buds after treatment at the end of 5 months, wherein the deciduous plant conditions take the number of subordinate stolons with the length of more than 10cm as a statistical index, the differentiation conditions of the flower buds take the number of flowering flower buds as a statistical index, and marking 30 unprocessed deciduous plants in the same stage as a reference.
The test results are shown in Table 5, wherein W-none, C-shoot emergence stage, Y-seedling stage and Z-strong seedling stage.
TABLE 5 influence of the pruning treatment in autumn and winter on the division growth and flower bud differentiation of Amomum villosum during reproductive period
As can be seen from table 5, after the stolons are pruned at the shoot stage in autumn and winter, no new vertical stem germination is seen at the top of the stolons, the stolons from which a small amount of stem buds have not been completely removed have inferior ramets, and the stolons from which the stem buds have been completely removed have not been inferior ramets. The top upright stem of the control untreated stolon grew normally, and by the age of 5 months, 66.67% of the upright stem developed to the strong seedling stage, and 26.67% of the upright stem developed to the seedling stage, and the lower branch number of each stolon was 2.26. Meanwhile, the pruning treatment can promote flower bud differentiation, and the statistical result at the end of 5 months shows that 76.67% of the stolons are treated to have flower bud differentiation, the number of flowering flower buds of each stolon is 1.97 on average, 63.33% of the stolons which are not treated have new flower bud differentiation compared with the number of flowering flower buds of each stolon which is 1.6, and the number of flower bud differentiation of the treated stolons is increased by 23.12% compared with the number of flower buds. The above results show that the pruning treatment in autumn and winter can inhibit the growth of the vertical stem at the front end of the stolon and the plant number of the subordinate plants, and promote the flower bud differentiation. In autumn and winter, the pruning treatment stops the vegetative growth of the plants in the shoot growing period, the creeping stems are promoted to grow in a reproductive mode, the plants in the shoot growing period are continuously vegetative grown in contrast, and the plants in the non-shoot growing period compete for the nutrients of the parent plants with the creeping stems before growing leaves, so that the flower bud differentiation on the creeping stems is inhibited, and the number of flowering flower buds is finally reduced.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. A pruning method of fructus amomi is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) pruning period: pruning the amomum villosum seedlings in the vegetative growth period in autumn and winter or pruning the amomum villosum seedlings in the whole reproductive growth period in spring or autumn and winter;
(2) pruning: selecting fructus amomi at the shoot emergence stage, and carrying out plant division and pruning;
(3) pruning positions: moving shears from 6-7 nodes at the front end of the stolon to cut off all stem buds;
(4) pruning state: and selecting the plant with the top bud and the stem bud which are relatively plump, reserving the branches, and pruning other plants to finish the pruning of the fructus amomi.
2. The pruning method for fructus amomi according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the vegetative growth period is a period which starts after the plant division growth of 1-3 grades after the field planting of the seedlings and the plant division of a single plant reaches more than 10 plants.
3. The pruning method for fructus amomi according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the shoot-out period is a period in which the stolon length growth is completed, the upright stem is about to start to grow, and the stem bud at the front end of the stolon starts to differentiate.
4. The method for pruning amomum villosum according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the number of the plant of the remained branches is 1-2, and the number of the plant of the pruning is 1-2.
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