CN109392587A - A kind of implantation methods in pear tree rapid-result garden fastly - Google Patents
A kind of implantation methods in pear tree rapid-result garden fastly Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of implantation methods in pear tree rapid-result garden fastly, belong to pear tree planting technology field.This method comprises: feeding soil, field planting, pruning, pollination, flower and fruit thinning, fruit bagging, harvesting, fertilizing management, hormone application, watering management, weeding management and insect prevention management and etc..This implantation methods the 2nd year can a large amount of fruiting (can according to circumstances to fruit tree or other be adjusted, reduce risks), can have apparent income in the 4th year, reach the best fruiting period in the 7th year；It was recoverable cost in the 6th year.In the best fruiting period, 10-14% is promoted relative to general planting method yield, single fruit weight promotes 6-8%, and the big 0.5-1.0% of soluble solid content, i.e. yield and quality are slightly promoted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to pear tree technical fields, and in particular to a kind of implantation methods in pear tree rapid-result garden fastly.
Background technique
Pears, usual kind are a kind of deciduous tree or shrub, only a few kind be it is evergreen, it is dicotyledonous to belong to Angiospermae
Plant guiding principle rosaceae Maloideae.Blade be in more it is oval, size because kind difference due to it is different.Flower is white or yellowish, powder
Red has five valves.Fruit shapes have circular, also have the thinner tail portion of base portion thicker, that is, " pyriform " being commonly called as；Different cultivars
Fruit colour is far from each other, has yellow, green, greenish-yellow, green middle band Huang, yellowish-brown, green and brown color, bronzing, brown, individually
Kind also has aubergine；The fruit diameter of wild pears is smaller, and 1 between 4cm, and the kind fruit diameter cultivateeed is up to 8cm, length
Up to 18cm.
After pears seedling planting, Yao Jiaqiang is managed year by year, and ability year is able to achieve early high-yield.The target that each year management reaches is:
1st year, full stand and healthy seedling.In order to reach this target, extra 10-15% is wanted in standby seedling, temporary planting is in the ranks or vacant lot.By
It causes to be short of seedling in artificial or other reasons, weak seedling, it can be in autumn current year or spring in next year polishing.Meanwhile making between also carrying out,
Weeding, Sod culture foliage top dressing, diseases prevention deinsectization and cold-proof work.
2nd year, promote branch coronary dilatation.Spring releases cold-proof object, pruning, continues works between carrying out therewith, weeding, root chase after outside
Fertilizer, basal dressing, draws the fields such as branch to ask management at diseases prevention deinsectization.Conditional orchard can carry out Sod culture.
3rd year, Cheng Huajian fruit.Carry out pruning, top dressing is poured water, work, tillage and weeding, foliage top dressing and Qiu Shiji
On the basis of the integrated managements such as fertilizer, diseases prevention deinsectization, emphasis carries out " quarter ", the measure of bud is facilitated in " stripping ", " drawing ", " more ", " torsion ".
4th year, harvesting high-quality high-yield.On the basis of integrated management, carry out emphatically artificial pollination, flower and fruit thinning, fruit bagging,
The measures such as prevention and treatment disease pest in time.
Conventional method generally takes the 4th year obvious fruiting of, and not only income is slow, also has greater risk, if the kind is at this
Ground is not suitable for planting, and if head is smaller, rust staining is serious, period is short, sugariness is low or hardness is more low, adjusts product again in the 4th year
If kind or plantation technique, orchard be can't regain one's original capital.In addition, conventional method income is slower, generally taking 8 years or so can just be brought back into
This, bears very big for plantation.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of implantation methods in pear tree rapid-result garden fastly, this method be suitable for high financial profit and
Easy kind of pollinating (such as abundance of water, emerald green hat), is shown in yield on the 2nd year, molding is early, and as a result early, 6-7 can Cheng Yuan；It plants
Per mu yield in the 3rd year stablizes 2000kg(theoretically up to 5000kg close to 1000kg, 6-7 after training, but is unsuitable for the sustainable of orchard
Development), fruit quality is preferable, and yield is higher.The technical solution is as follows.
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods in pear tree rapid-result garden fastly, method includes the following steps:
(1) soil: 1 year 7-9 month before field planting is supported, 30-45cm depth is turned over into plantation, bottom applies weeds or stalk etc. when turning over
600-800kg/ mus, application decomposed manure (such as chicken manure, pig manure or cow dung) 1000- (is applied) on surface layer together with soil
1400kg/ mus；November current year in surface stalks mulching, with a thickness of 3-10cm, sprinkled profoundly water before freeze-up primary.
(2) it is colonized: presses the best north-south line-spacing 3-4m(), spacing in the rows 2-3m digs field planting hole；It is colonized the depth 60-80cm in hole,
Width 50-60cm；Hole bottom is put into the green manure of 25-35cm thickness, and surface soil (preferably fine earth) is mixed into the hole Chicken dung 5-10kg/, calcium
The hole magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer 0.5-1.5kg/, the hole borax 20-50g/, the hole plant ash 0.5-1.5kg/ and the hole dregs of fat 2-4kg/ etc..In the 1st year 3
Month field planting, select 1 year raw height of seedling 100-110cm, the thick 0.8-1.0cm of seedling, the long 20-25cm of root mass, grafting part healing well and
There is the nursery stock of 4-6 full buds in shaping strip.It needs to carry out growth-promoting root processing before seedling planting: thick root is cut out into 2-4cm, with clear
Water impregnates 10-15 hours, then is impregnated 2-3 minutes with 60-90 times of copper sulfate solution, then uses the life of concentration 200-400mg/kg
Root powder solution impregnates 1-2 minutes, is planted after finally dipping in mud.Compacted soil and water is watered with after the completion of field planting；When field planting, main cultivation
It is the alternate field planting of 2-2.5:1(, pollinated variety at least two with the ratio of pollinated variety)；Graft union is basseted 5- when plantation
10cm。
(3) pruning: using the tree-like cultivation of Y shape, when carrying on the back the slightly long 15-20cm of bud or the long 20-25cm of the terminal bud tip, plucks
The heart, bud picking in 10-15 days are primary.Y shape tree crown can give full play to the characteristics of young age pear tree prosperous growth, and nutrient growth substance is not lost,
Therefore an annual bearing can be done sth. in advance than general planting method, it is easily managed；Meanwhile Y shape tree crown air permeability is good, can make fruit size and product
Matter is more consistent, can slightly dense planting.
(4) pollinate: 7-10 honeycomb per acre, the distance between honeycomb are 20-25m, put bee amount 700-900.If awarded
Powder effect is bad, can artificial pollination.
(5) flower and fruit thinning: the every 15-20cm distance of skeleton branch retains a bud, presses Shoot-fruit ratio 2- in Xie Huahou 38-42 days
2.5:1 starts fruit thinning.The step is similar with conventional method.
(6) fruit bagging: fungicide and insecticide are sprayed before bagging and (is specifically as follows that big raw M-45, moth mite is gone out and methyl
Thiophanate, dosage are conventional amount used), thank spend after the bagging of progress in 10-15 days, 20-28 days after a bagging, supportted to fruit
Secondary bagging is carried out after broken bagging；Bag is plucked within 8-15 days before fruit harvesting, to promote to colour；The 7-12 before fruit harvesting simultaneously
It, removes the blade of direct shading around fruit, and the blade quantity removed is no more than the 15% of complete stool blade；Bagging is avoided that
There is rust staining and scar.
(7) it harvests: being picked after fruit maturation；According to the difference of kind, the 8 first moons to September are harvested.Standard are as follows: fruit
Seed becomes brown, and the content of soluble solid is harvested when reaching 10%.
(8) fertilizing management: since the 2nd year, as a result after it is freeze-up before (usually 9-10 month) application base manure and by
It is incremented to the 5th year stabilization, the 2nd year application of organic fertilizers (common organic fertilizer, rear same) 3500-4000kg/ mus, magnesia lime 5- year
10kg/ mus and 15-25kg/ mus of offer fertility of calcium superphosphate and improve soil, the 3rd year 3600-4200kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers,
(the 3rd year pear tree basic forming simultaneously adapts to for 5-10kg/ mus of offer fertility of 2-8kg/ mus of magnesia lime and calcium superphosphate and improvement soil
Soil does not need then to carry out soil improvement later), the 4th year 4000-4800kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers, the 5th year and later time
4500-5000kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers, the base manure preferably application when turning over.Annual the middle ten days top dressing is primary, applies urea 15-
25kg/ mus and amino acid calcium 2-5kg/ mu before Xie Huahou bagging, fruit expanding period, use blade face before fruit picking and after fruit picking
Fertilizer, foliar fertilizer by the urea of 0.2-0.4wt%, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.1-0.3wt%, 0.05-0.1wt% borax and 0.001-
Polyglutamic acid composition of 0.005wt% etc., dosage is conventional amount used, is less than 3kg/ mus with each dosage of fertilizer total weight；2nd
Year is before rudiment and new slightly growth period each top dressing is primary, and urea 15-20kg/ mus and liquid dung 1000-1400kg/ mus of application, the 7-8 month
Top dressing is primary, and 10-18kg/ mus and potassium sulfate 6-12kg/ mus of application of phosphoric acid diammonium；The 3rd year and later time in bud point
Change phase and each top dressing of fruit expanding period are primary, apply nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 5-15kg/ mus；Wherein, the nitrogen of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer:
Phosphorus: the ratio of potassium (as active ingredients) is that 8-15:15-28:10-16(is usually 1:2:1).
Due to carrying out feeding soil before year, there are also the smaller only top dressing of plant is primary, foliar fertilizer is according to the actual situation within 1st year
It is administered and (is not usually required to apply within the 1st year)；2nd year, Pears growth was vigorous, needed top dressing 4 times, foliar fertilizer is according to reality
Border situation is administered；3rd year and after, a large amount of fruitings need top dressing 3 times, promote fruit development, the 3rd year and it is later annual all
Foliar fertilizer is applied as required.
(9) hormone is applied: at the 2nd year to the 4th year, before bud differentiation, being applied 300-450 times of solution of paclobutrazol, is made branch
Shortened internodes activate bud；Growth regulation agent PBO 200-250 times solution is applied in flower bud differentiation period, promotes bud differentiation, simultaneously
Increase single fruit weight.It is larger from the 5th year fruit yield, then it does not need to apply hormone again, reduces cost and artificial, while guaranteeing fruit
Real quality.
The key point of this patent supports soil, step (2) field planting, step (3) pruning, step (8) fertilising pipe in step (1)
Reason and the application of step (9) hormone, above 5 steps cooperate so that orchard rapid shaping, and quickly obtain income.
Further, implantation methods provided by the invention further include:
(10) watering management: ten days, late April, late May and fruit harvesting after in annual at least watering four times, respectively 3 months
Afterwards, the watering twice of late May and fruit harvesting can be combined with fertilising.
Specifically, water the 60-75% for making the water content of the soil of root zone reach maxmun field capacity.General watering four
It is secondary:
For the first time (budding period watering): pouring rudiment water ten days after in 3 months, be conducive to tree body rudiment, bloom and bear fruit, accelerate young sprout raw
It is long.
Second (Hua Houshui): late April, pear tree enters physiological function animated period, young sprout growth and young fruit development at this time
It carries out simultaneously, is the critical period of water need of pear tree.Moisture is replenished in time, shedding can be prevented, accelerates Fruit.
For the third time (fruit expanding period watering): June be Pear Fruit expand with pear tree bud a large amount of idiophases, the two is same
When enter to need water peak period.Late May combines fertilising, and watering is primary, promotes bud differentiation, increases volume of fruits, improves and produces
Amount.
4th time (watering after harvesting): after fruit harvesting, waters in conjunction with basal dressing, can promote the decomposition of fertilizer in soil,
It stimulates root growth vigorous, blade function is promoted to restore rapidly, be conducive to tree body accumulation storage nutrient.
Further, implantation methods provided by the invention further include: (11) weeding management: it is using sward, kind between tree
Crowtoe, sward bandwidth 1.5-2.0m, cradles twice every year, and 40-50cm under tree disk is embedded to after cradling every time.It keeps away as far as possible
Exempt from the use of herbicide, and it has been found that primary kind of grass sustainable at least 7 years, is not needed before the pear tree best fruiting period
Grass is planted again.
Further, implantation methods provided by the invention further include: (12) insect prevention management: before rudiment, 5 Baume degrees stone sulphur are sprayed
Mixture 1 time, sprayed before leaf stretching period to fruit maturation 3-5 times 1200-2000 times wood louse is net and 600-800 times of 50% triadimefon, May
The middle ten days and mid-June spray 600-800 times of 75% Bravo wettable powder, forbid medication within 30 days before fruit picking.Main control rust and
It is anti-to eliminate aphis.
Further, step (12) further include: mid or late June and late October carry out trunk whitewashing respectively, using painting
White dose by trunk, following 50cm is uniformly smeared from the ground.Whitewash agent prescription: quick lime 500g, salt 50g, sulphur powder 50g and water
2000-2500g。
Wherein, in step (2), compacted soil is specifically included after the completion of field planting: backfill fine earth (is mixed into decomposed after nursery stock implantation
Chicken manure, calcium magnesium phosphate, borax, plant ash and the dregs of fat), until whole root systems mention seedling after burying to unfold root system, progress once steps on soil,
Fine earth (only fine earth) is backfilled again, is stepped on soil for the second time, so that root system is in close contact soil.
Wherein, in step (3), the process of the tree-like cultivation of Y shape is similar with conventional method.It specifically includes: the 7- before rudiment
10 days, with grafting graduating with cutter to forming layer under back side bud at height of seedling 120-140cm, inhibit back pressure branch growth advantage, to cultivate Y word
Shape skeleton branch and side shoot.Secondary quarter bud is carried out in bud sprouting period, the use at 1-1.5cm above bud eye 20-25cm from the ground at
In grafting graduating with cutter to forming layer, promote to issue more sturdy branch here slightly, to obtain the tree-like another skeleton branch of Y shape.It will
Sapling after field planting 20-25 days does surely, is to be bundled on corresponding crossbearer at 140-150cm with 60-70 ° by height, Jing Keya
The branch for taking out hair develops to other direction (with two skeleton branches growth (same strain in the same direction of the pear tree of a line by it
It is opposite), direction is identical as row), it is long to be bundled on corresponding bracket to 120cm or so；Liftoff 20cm or more takes out the spring of hair, summer
The tip is bundled on bracket in time when growing to more than bracket 20-30cm.Bracket is from trunk 70-85cm, at 1-1.2 rice from the ground
Draw steel wire, bracket high 1.5-2.0m, spacing 4-5m.Major branch is extended branch by winter pruning, is cut and is stayed 40-50cm, and the 2nd year, the 3rd year
Major branch is cut and stays 30-40cm, the 4th year and later basic forming, no longer cutting back.Pear tree height is controlled at 2-3 meters.
Wherein, in step (6), bagging time: fine day 9-11 point or 3-6 point in afternoon pluck a bag time 10-16 point；Once
Bagging is the white paraffin paper pouch of 8-12cm*6-10cm, the duplex paper for the outer yellow words spoken by an actor from offstage that secondary bagging is 18-22cm*14-18cm
Bag.
Wherein, in step (8), base manure application when turning over autumn and winter, ploughed depth 40-55cm, base manure is with radial
Ditch spread (centered on trunk)；The grass of artificial growth can not be handled when turning over.Top dressing is enclosed using fertilising of digging pit, top dressing hole
It is uniformly distributed around trunk, top dressing hole is 0.5-1.0 meters at a distance from trunk, and the quantity in top dressing hole is 4-8, the size in top dressing hole
For 10-15cm, depth 15-30cm.
These steps are not strictly to carry out according to the time, can be adjusted and combine with interspersed according to the actual situation.
This implantation methods the 2nd year can a large amount of fruiting (can according to circumstances to fruit tree or other be adjusted, reduce wind
Danger), there can be apparent income in the 4th year, reach the best fruiting period in the 7th year, be recoverable cost in the 6th year.In the best fruiting period, phase
10-14% is promoted for general planting method yield, single fruit weight promotes 6-8%, the big 0.5-1.0% of soluble solid content is produced
Amount is slightly promoted with quality.
Specific embodiment
To make the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention is made below further
Ground detailed description.
The present invention provides a kind of implantation methods in pear tree rapid-result garden fastly, method includes the following steps:
(1) soil: 1 year 7-9 month before field planting is supported, 30-45cm depth is turned over into plantation, bottom applies weeds or stalk etc. when turning over
600-800kg/ mus, surface layer applies decomposed manure 1000-1400kg/ mus；November in surface stalks mulching, with a thickness of 3-
10cm is sprinkled profoundly water primary before freeze-up.
(2) it is colonized: pressing line-spacing 3.5m, spacing in the rows 2.5m digs field planting hole；It is colonized the depth 60-80cm, width 50-60cm in hole；
Hole bottom is put into the green manure of 25-35cm thickness, and surface soil is mixed into the hole Chicken dung 5-10kg/, the hole calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5-1.5kg/, borax
The hole 20-50g/, the hole plant ash 0.5-1.5kg/ and the hole dregs of fat 2-4kg/.Be colonized in March, the 1st, before seedling planting to sapling into
The processing of row growth-promoting root: cutting out 2-4cm for thick root, is impregnated 10-15 hours with clear water, then is impregnated with 60-90 times of copper sulfate solution
It 2-3 minutes, is then impregnated 1-2 minutes with the rooting powder solution of concentration 200-400mg/kg, is planted after finally dipping in mud.It is fixed
Compacted soil and water is watered with after the completion of plant；When field planting, the ratio of main cultivation and pollinated variety is 2-2.5:1；Graft union is exposed when plantation
Ground 5-10cm.
(3) pruning: using the tree-like cultivation of Y shape, when carrying on the back the slightly long 15-20cm of bud or the long 20-25cm of the terminal bud tip, plucks
The heart, bud picking in 10-15 days are primary.
(4) pollinate: 7-10 honeycomb per acre, the distance between honeycomb are 20-25m, put bee amount 700-900.
(5) flower and fruit thinning: the every 15-20cm distance of skeleton branch retains a bud, presses Shoot-fruit ratio in Xie Huahou 38-42 days
2-2.5:1 starts fruit thinning.
(6) fruit bagging: fungicide and insecticide are sprayed before bagging and (is specifically as follows that big raw M-45, moth mite is gone out and methyl
Thiophanate), thank spend after the bagging (the white paraffin paper pouch of 10*8cm) of progress in 10-15 days, 20-28 days after a bagging,
Secondary bagging (the double-deck paper bag of the outer yellow words spoken by an actor from offstage of 20*16cm) is carried out after fruit bursts bagging；8-15 days before fruit harvesting
Bag is plucked, to promote to colour；Simultaneously 7-12 days before fruit harvesting, the blade of direct shading around fruit, the leaf removed are removed
Piece quantity is no more than the 15% of complete stool blade；Bagging, which is avoided that, there is rust staining and scar.
(7) it harvests: being picked after fruit maturation.
(8) fertilizing management: base manure is applied since the 2nd year, before as a result freeze-up later and cumulative year after year is steady to the 5th year
It is fixed, the 2nd year 3500-4000kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers, 5-10kg/ mus of magnesia lime and 15-25kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate, the 3rd year
3600-4200kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers, 2-8kg/ mus of magnesia lime and 5-10kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate, the 4th year application of organic fertilizers
4000-4800kg/ mus, the 5th year and later 4500-5000kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers, application when turning over.Annual the middle ten days top dressing
Once, urea 15-25kg/ mu and amino acid calcium 2-5kg/ mus are applied, before Xie Huahou bagging, fruit expanding period, before fruit picking and
Foliar fertilizer is used after fruit picking, foliar fertilizer is by the urea of 0.2-0.4wt%, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.1-0.3wt%, 0.05-
Borax and the polyglutamic acid composition of 0.001-0.005wt% of 0.1wt% etc.；2nd year before rudiment and new slightly growth period each top dressing
Once, urea 15-20kg/ mus and 1000-1400kg/ mus of liquid dung (urea mixes application with liquid dung), 7-8 month top dressing one are applied
It is secondary, 10-18kg/ mus and potassium sulfate 6-12kg/ mus of application of phosphoric acid diammonium；The 3rd year and later time in flower bud differentiation period and
Each top dressing of fruit expanding period is primary, applies nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 5-15kg/ mus, the nitrogen of compound fertilizer: phosphorus: the ratio of potassium is 1:2:1.
(9) hormone is applied: at the 2nd year to the 4th year, before bud differentiation, applying 300-450 times of solution of paclobutrazol；In flower
The bud idiophase applies growth regulation agent PBO 200-250 times solution.
(10) watering management: ten days, late April, late May and fruit harvesting after in whole year watering four times, respectively 3 months
Afterwards, the watering twice of late May and fruit harvesting is combined with fertilising.Watering makes the water content of the soil of root zone reach field maximum
The 60-75% of water-holding capacity.
(11) weeding management: using sward between tree, kind is crowtoe, and sward bandwidth 1.5-2.0m cradles two every year
It is secondary, 40-50cm under tree disk is embedded to after cradling every time.
(12) it insect prevention management: before rudiment, sprays 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur 1 time, 3-5 1200- is sprayed before leaf stretching period to fruit maturation
2000 times of wood louse is net and 600-800 times of 50% triadimefon, mid-May and mid-June spray 600-800 times of 75% Bravo wettable
Pulvis forbids medication in 30 days before fruit picking.Mid or late June and late October carry out trunk whitewashing respectively, using white-out agent by trunk
Following 50cm is uniformly smeared from the ground.
Planting experiment:
Planting location: Jiujiang City Xingzi County, hillside fields plantation, sandy loam, pH value 5.5-6.8；Time: 2005-2015；Plantation:
57 mu of area, using 23 mu of conventional method (5 mu of abundances of water, 18 mu of emerald green hats), using this patent 34 mu of method (5 mu of abundances of water, 29 mu
Kingfisher hat).
1st year, 20 plants of normal plants (are randomly selected, measurement in December calculates flat using the trunk of the implantation methods of this patent
Mean value, rear same) away from diameter 2.43cm at the 20cm of ground, strain rate of blooming (5 plants of normal plants are randomly selected, average value is calculated, after
It together) is 35.56%, survival rate 100%；Using conventional implantation methods, trunk diameter is 1.89cm, and strain rate of blooming 28.2% survives
Rate 98%.
2nd year fruit yield: using the implantation methods of this patent: 272kg/ mus, using conventional implantation methods: 5kg/
Mu.
3rd year fruit yield: using the implantation methods of this patent: 852kg/ mus, fruiting rate (randomly selects 5 plants of normal plants
Strain calculates average value, rear same) 57%, using conventional implantation methods: 393kg/ mus；Fruiting rate is 38%.
4th year fruit yield, using the implantation methods of this patent: 1357kg/ mus, using conventional implantation methods:
648kg/ mus.
5th year fruit yield, using the implantation methods of this patent: 1855kg/ mus, using conventional implantation methods:
1043kg/ mus.
The implantation methods integral shroud of this patent forms year 2-3, conventional implantation methods 4-5.
6th year fruit yield, using the implantation methods of this patent: 2107kg/ mus, using conventional implantation methods:
1490kg/ mus；The diameter of the trunk of 6th year plant is detected: using the implantation methods of this patent, the average diameter of trunk
It is identical as the 1st year for 8.55cm(plant)；Using conventional implantation methods, the average diameter of trunk is 7.41cm.
7th year fruit yield, using the implantation methods of this patent: 2333kg/ mus, using conventional implantation methods:
1755kg/ mus.
8th year fruit yield, using the implantation methods of this patent: 2345kg/ mus, using conventional implantation methods:
1970kg/ mus.8th year fruit is detected: when kind is abundance of water, using the implantation methods of this patent: soluble solid
Object content is 12.5%, and single fruit average weight is 274g/；Use conventional implantation methods: soluble solid content for
11.7%, single fruit average weight is 253g/；When kind is emerald green hat, using the implantation methods of this patent: soluble solid contains
Amount is 11.9%, and single fruit average weight is 317g/；Conventional implantation methods: soluble solid content 10.3% are used, it is single
Fruit average weight is 299g/.Detection for soluble solid and single fruit weight is randomly selecting 20 and 100 just respectively
Chang Guoshi is measured, and calculates average value.
9th year fruit yield, using the implantation methods of this patent: 2329kg/ mus, using conventional implantation methods:
2098kg/ mus.
10th year fruit yield, using the implantation methods of this patent: 2351kg/ mus, using conventional implantation methods:
2080kg/ mus.
Using the implantation methods of this patent, the 2nd year can a large amount of fruitings (can according to circumstances to fruit variety or other into
The adjustment of row parameter, reduces risks), there can be apparent income in the 4th year, reach the best fruiting period in the 7th year, can be received in the 6th year
Return cost.And use conventional implantation methods, in the 4th year just can a large amount of fruitings (very risky), have obvious receipts in the 6th Nian Caike
Benefit reached the best fruiting period in the 9th year；It could cost-recovering in the 8th year.I.e. this patent can accelerate pear tree fruiting, bring benefits rapidly,
Quickly form orchard.
In addition, the single fruit weight ratio general planting method of the pears harvested using the implantation methods of this patent weighs 6-8%, it is solvable
Property solid content it is 0.5-1.0% bigger than general planting method, best fruiting period yield than general planting method promoted 10-14%.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of implantation methods in pear tree rapid-result garden fastly, which is characterized in that the described method includes:
(1) soil: 1 year 7-9 month before field planting is supported, 30-45cm depth is turned over into plantation, bottom application weeds or stalk when turning over
600-800kg/ mus, surface layer applies decomposed manure 1000-1400kg/ mus；November in surface stalks mulching, with a thickness of 3-
10cm, it is primary in freeze-up preceding watering；
(2) it is colonized: pressing line-spacing 3-4m, spacing in the rows 2-3m digs field planting hole；It is colonized the depth 60-80cm, width 50-60cm in hole；Cheat bottom
It is put into the green manure of 25-35cm thickness, surface soil is mixed into the hole Chicken dung 5-10kg/, the hole calcium magnesium phosphate 0.5-1.5kg/, borax 20-
The hole 50g/, the hole plant ash 0.5-1.5kg/ and the hole dregs of fat 2-4kg/；It is colonized in March, the 1st, selects 1 year raw height of seedling 100-110cm
With the nursery stock of the thick 0.8-1.0cm of seedling；Thick root is cut out into 2-4cm before seedling planting, is impregnated 10-15 hours with clear water, then use 60-90
Times copper sulfate solution impregnates 2-3 minute, then with the rooting powder solution immersion of concentration 200-400mg/kg 1-2 minutes, finally
It is planted after dipping in mud；It compacted soil and waters after the completion of field planting；When field planting, the ratio of main cultivation and pollinated variety is 2-2.5:1；
(3) pruning: using the tree-like cultivation of Y shape, when carrying on the back the slightly long 15-20cm of bud or the long 20-25cm of the terminal bud tip, pinching, and 10-
Bud picking in 15 days is primary；
(4) pollinate: 7-10 honeycomb per acre, the distance between honeycomb are 20-25m, put bee amount 700-900；
(5) flower and fruit thinning: the every 15-20cm distance of skeleton branch retains a bud, presses Shoot-fruit ratio 2-2.5 in Xie Huahou 38-42 days:
1 starts fruit thinning；
(6) fruit bagging: spraying fungicide and insecticide before bagging, thank spend after the bagging of progress in 10-15 days, a bagging
20-28 days afterwards, secondary bagging is carried out after fruit bursts bagging；Pluck bag within 8-15 days before fruit harvesting, while in fruit harvesting
First 7-12 days, the blade of direct shading around fruit is removed, the blade quantity removed is no more than the 15% of complete stool blade；
(7) it harvests: being picked after fruit maturation；
(8) fertilizing management: since the 2nd year, as a result after it is freeze-up before application base manure and cumulative year after year to the 5th year stabilization, the 2nd
Year 3500-4000kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers, 5-10kg/ mus of magnesia lime and 15-25kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate, application in the 3rd year has
3600-4200kg/ mus of machine fertilizer, 2-8kg/ mus of magnesia lime and 5-10kg/ mus of calcium superphosphate, the 4th year application of organic fertilizers 4000-
4800kg/ mus, the 5th year and later 4500-5000kg/ mus of application of organic fertilizers；Annual the middle ten days top dressing is primary, applies urea 15-
25kg/ mus and amino acid calcium 2-5kg/ mu before Xie Huahou bagging, fruit expanding period, use blade face before fruit picking and after fruit picking
Fertilizer, foliar fertilizer by the urea of 0.2-0.4wt%, the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of 0.1-0.3wt%, 0.05-0.1wt% borax and 0.001-
The polyglutamic acid of 0.005wt% forms；2nd year before rudiment and new slightly growth period each top dressing is primary, applies urea 15-20kg/ mus
With 1000-1400kg/ mus of liquid dung, 7-8 month top dressing is primary, 10-18kg/ mus of application of phosphoric acid diammonium and potassium sulfate 6-12kg/ mus；?
3rd year and later primary in flower bud differentiation period and each top dressing of fruit expanding period, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 5-15kg/ mus of application, it is described
The nitrogen of compound fertilizer: phosphorus: the ratio of potassium is 8-15:15-28:10-16；
(9) hormone is applied: at the 2nd year to the 4th year, before bud differentiation, 300-450 times of solution of paclobutrazol is applied, in bud point
The change phase applies growth regulation agent PBO 200-250 times solution.
2. the implantation methods in pear tree according to claim 1 rapid-result garden fastly, which is characterized in that the method also includes:
(10) watering management: after at least watering four times, respectively 3 months after ten days, late April, late May and fruit harvesting, May
The watering twice of the last ten-days period and fruit harvesting can be combined with fertilising.
3. the implantation methods in pear tree according to claim 1 rapid-result garden fastly, which is characterized in that the method also includes:
(11) weeding management: using sward between tree, kind is crowtoe, and sward bandwidth 1.5-2.0m is cradled twice, often every year
It is secondary cradle after be embedded to tree disk under 40-50cm.
4. the implantation methods in pear tree according to claim 1 rapid-result garden fastly, which is characterized in that the method also includes:
(12) it insect prevention management: before rudiment, sprays 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur 1 time, 3-5 1200- is sprayed before leaf stretching period to fruit maturation
2000 times of wood louse is net and 600-800 times of 50% triadimefon, mid-May and mid-June spray 600-800 times of 75% Bravo wettable
Pulvis forbids medication in 30 days before fruit picking.
5. the implantation methods in pear tree according to claim 4 rapid-result garden fastly, which is characterized in that step (12) further include: June
The middle ten days and the last ten days and late October carry out trunk whitewashing respectively, and using white-out agent, by trunk, following 50cm is uniformly smeared from the ground.
6. the implantation methods in pear tree according to claim 1 rapid-result garden fastly, which is characterized in that described fixed in step (2)
Compacted soil specifically includes after the completion of plant: fine earth is backfilled after nursery stock implantation, until whole root systems mention seedling and carry out once stepping on soil after burying,
Fine earth is backfilled again, is stepped on soil for the second time.
7. the implantation methods in pear tree according to claim 1 rapid-result garden fastly, which is characterized in that in step (6), when bagging
Between: fine day 9-11 point or 3-6 point in afternoon pluck a bag time 10-16 point；The white paraffin paper that bagging is 8-12cm*6-10cm is small
Bag, the double-deck paper bag for the outer yellow words spoken by an actor from offstage that secondary bagging is 18-22cm*14-18cm.
8. the implantation methods in pear tree according to claim 1 rapid-result garden fastly, which is characterized in that in step (8), base manure exists
Application when autumn and winter turns over, ploughed depth 40-55cm, with radial ditch spread；Top dressing is using fertilising of digging pit, and top dressing hole is around tree
Dry to be uniformly distributed, top dressing hole is 0.5-1.0 meters at a distance from trunk, and the quantity in top dressing hole is 4-8, and the size in top dressing hole is
10-15cm, depth 15-30cm.
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| CN108770574A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-11-09 | 南京农业大学 | A kind of method of pear tree flower and fruit thinning |
| CN110352723A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-22 | 广西特色作物研究院 | A method of autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising |
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| CN111713234A (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2020-09-29 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Fertilizing method for young pear trees |
| CN112154842A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-01-01 | 广西特色作物研究院 | Cultivation method for early fruiting and high yield of pear trees |
| CN113396763A (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-17 | 铜仁市万山区乡情农业种养殖专业合作社 | Efficient ecological agricultural cultivation technology combining pear tree planting and honey cultivation |
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