CN110352723A - A method of autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising - Google Patents
A method of autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising Download PDFInfo
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- CN110352723A CN110352723A CN201910659935.3A CN201910659935A CN110352723A CN 110352723 A CN110352723 A CN 110352723A CN 201910659935 A CN201910659935 A CN 201910659935A CN 110352723 A CN110352723 A CN 110352723A
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- next year
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods that autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising, belong to pear flower bud graft technology field.The method that autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in the raising, includes the following steps: in the theatre for having turned over autumn flower, early September~mid-October, basal dressing；Scion is chosen in the theatre for not turning over autumn flower mid-January in early November to next year；In the theatre for having turned over autumn flower, anvil stake is made；Mid-January in early November to next year, scion is grafted onto anvil stake；Artificial pollination is carried out in the florescence；Fruit thinning is carried out after physiological fallen fruit；Bagging；Other management measures are identical as theatre Routine Management.Using method of the invention, first is that solving the problems, such as that having turned over autumn flower theatre next year yield in the prior art is reduced, and can be increased to normal yield for theatre in next year；Autumn flower theatre has been turned in the prior art in the case where not changing kind second is that solving, the problem of next year produces the operatic circle of high-quality, high added value.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods that autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising, belong to pear flower bud graft technology field.
Background technique
Start rudiment to mid-March by the end of February in spring in the southern normal pear tree of management to bloom, just be fallen to December in November-
Leaf.But under special environmental condition stimulation, such as pest management is not in place, autumn high temperature and drought factor, causes a large amount of pears
Tree in August-September, just bloom extremely in August-October by a large amount of fallen leaves, the bud for forming current year, which is referred to as " to turn over the autumn
Flower ", that is, turn over secondary flower.Pear tree turn over the autumn flower also can Pollination Fertilization and as a result, tapering off growth with the decline of temperature, finally
It falls off, loses economic value.
Currently, many low altitude area fruit areas in south are all there is turning over autumn Hua Xianxiang, less serious case 5%-30%, severe one up to 70% with
On.Pear tree turns over the autumn flower fair consumption a large amount of nutrition of tree body, cause next year flower amount less, the bud quality it is poor, fruit is few, fruit is small, generation
When serious, the yield of pear tree sharply declines, and seriously affects economic benefit.Up to the present, pear tree current year turns over autumn flower more than 50%
In the case where, it not can guarantee the normal volume in theatre next year by existing cultivation step.
In consideration of it, it is necessary to provide a kind of methods that autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in new raising, to solve the prior art
It is insufficient.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide it is a kind of raising turn over the autumn flower theatre next year yield side
Method.Using method of the invention, first is that solve the problems, such as that having turned over autumn flower theatre next year yield in the prior art is reduced, Ke Yi
Next year is by theatre output increased to normal yield；Autumn flower theatre has been turned in the prior art in the feelings for not changing kind second is that solving
Under condition, the problem of next year produces the operatic circle of high-quality, high added value.Using method of the invention, can produce quality it is excellent,
The high the operatic circle of price, increases economic efficiency.
The technical scheme to solve the above technical problems is that the side of autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in a kind of raising
Method includes the following steps:
Step 1: in the theatre for having turned over autumn flower, early September~mid-October, basal dressing；
Step 2: it is straight to choose length >=15cm, base portion in the theatre for not turning over autumn flower mid-January in early November to next year
Diameter≤1.5cm, the branch containing full bud and stalwartness, as scion；Scion now connects and now adopts, adopt it is lower after do moisturizing processing；
Step 3: having turned over the theatre of autumn flower in step 1, the vertical branch or the branch of excessive growth of diameter 0.8cm~1.5cm have been selected, from branch
Up 10cm~20cm is cut for base portion, as anvil stake；
Step 4: mid-January in early November to next year, the scion of step 2 being grafted onto using the method for simple bud cut-grafting
In the anvil stake of step 3, and guarantee that the scion bud quantity grafted on every plant of pear tree is 50~100；
Step 5: carrying out artificial pollination in the florescence；
Step 6: carrying out fruit thinning after physiological fallen fruit, each inflorescence chooses the 2nd, 3, the fruits of 4 tagmemes, and each tagmeme respectively stays 2~3
A fruit；
Step 7: bagging；
Step 8: other management measures are identical as theatre Routine Management.
The principle of the present invention:
In the prior art, turning over the main reason for autumn flower theatre next year yield is reduced is that theatre management is not in place, by the spring in next year
Its flower opened advances to autumn current year and just opens, and tree body also consumes a large amount of nutrition of tree body, and spring in next year is caused not have enough flowers
Bud is bloomed or the bud that has part small and weak can bloom but cannot normally pollinate insemination and as a result, even if having part can be as a result, with just
It is also the underproduction 50%~80% that Chang Liyuan, which is compared,.Turned in the prior art the autumn flower theatre next year per mu yield be 523.05kg~
1205.6kg。
The present invention improves the method for the prior art, specific as follows:
In step 1 of the invention, in the theatre for having turned over autumn flower, early September~mid-October basal dressing is advanceed to, in this way may be used
To supplement fertilizer in the 2nd summit of growth period of pear tree root system, tree body is made to obtain sufficient nutrition supply and store up.
In step 2 of the invention, do not turning over the autumn flower theatre in, scion be length >=15cm, base diameter≤1.5cm,
It is to facilitate bondage and preservation containing full bud, healthy and strong branch.Scion now connects and now adopts, adopt it is lower after do moisturizing processing, in this way can be with
Guarantee graft survival rate 80% or more.
In step 3 of the invention, selects the vertical branch of diameter 0.8cm~1.5cm or the branch of excessive growth to make anvil stake, make scion and anvil
Stake is in the same size, grafting speed can be improved, it can also be ensured that the single fruit weight after grafting is in 200g or more.Anvil stake is from branch base portion
Up 10cm~20cm is cut, and is in order to facilitate grafting operation.
In step 4 of the invention, scion is grafted mid-January in early November to next year, is mentioned than autumn flower theatre yield is turned over
High by 94.9%~106.9%, per mu yield reaches 2349.6~2494.8kg.It can also in the case where kind is not changed in theatre,
Next year produces good Pear varieties.In the theatre that turn over autumn flower quantity be more than 80%, every plant of graftable 80~100 buds；It turns over
50~80 buds can be grafted in the theatre of autumn flower quantity 50%~80%, strain；Autumn flower theatre of the quantity less than 50% is turned over, every plant can
Graft 50 buds.
Simple bud cut-grafting refers to and is started at the full bud of scion branch base portion with grafting knife, cuts 1 at 2cm~2.5cm under bud
The inclined-plane~1.5cm, the back side under bud at about 0.5cm are cut the inclined-plane 3cm~4cm and are cut from 1cm~1.5cm to top, then from bud,
A long 4cm~4.5cm scion.More smooth side is selected in anvil stake, it is (slightly wooden to be close to xylem with grafting knife
Matter) vertically cut, it is equal with the long inclined-plane of scion as deep as xylem 3mm~5mm, long incision 2cm~3cm.Scion is inserted rapidly
People's stock notch is directed at the long inclined-plane of scion with the forming layer of stock notch, and anvil stake notch top is allowed only to reveal a white line, then
The cortex that stock is cut is attached to outside scion, is compressed, with plastic film tape bondage, scion bud is exposed.
In step 5 of the invention, artificial pollination is carried out, yield can be improved, increases economic benefit.Since pears are to be selfed not
Affine tree species when the bud of grafting is bloomed, are possible to not meet, therefore, can acquire other with the florescence of the other kinds in theatre
The pollen of Pear varieties carries out artificial pollination, or the pollen that last year acquisition is retained can be used.In present also commercially available purchase
The pollen in year, for example it can be purchased from Qingdao treasure human relations agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd, specification is 10g/ packet.
In step 6 of the invention, after physiological fallen fruit, 25d~35d usually after full blossom.Fruit thinning refers to and removes pest and disease damage
Fruit, malformed fruit, overstocked fruit, bad fruit bagging.Fruit thinning is carried out, percent rate of high quality fruit can be improved, increases economic benefit.
In step 7 of the invention, bagging is carried out, quality can be improved, increases economic benefit.
To sum up, the per mu yield for having turned over flower theatre next year in autumn in the prior art is 523.05kg~1205.6kg, using this hair
The per mu yield in next year can be increased to 2349.6kg~2494.8kg, greatly solved in the prior art by bright method
Turn over the problem of autumn flower theatre next year yield is reduced.
In addition, do not turn over the operatic circle of high-quality, high added value in the theatre that the autumn is spent by grafting, it can in the prior art
Autumn flower theatre is turned in the case where not changing kind, next year produces the operatic circle of high-quality, high added value.Therefore, using the present invention
Method, the operatic circle that quality is excellent, price is high can be produced, increased economic efficiency.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, using method of the invention, asking for autumn flower theatre next year yield reduction has been turned in the prior art first is that solving
Topic, can be increased to normal yield for theatre in next year；Product are not being changed second is that solving and having turned over autumn flower theatre in the prior art
In the case where kind, the problem of next year produces the operatic circle of high-quality, high added value.
2, using method of the invention, economic benefit is greatly improved, apparent social benefit is also brought, will drive
The enthusiasm of peasant planting pear tree.
3, method of the invention is simple, and operation is easy, wide market, is suitble to large-scale promotion application.
Based on the above technical solution, the present invention can also be improved as follows.
Further, in step 1, the basal dressing specific method is: annular groove is dug at the tree crown drip of pear tree, it will be fertile
The soil expected and dug out is backfilling into ditch after mixing, and keeping soil moisture content is 18%~28%.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: the fertilizer in ditch can be allowed to be uniformly distributed, expands the model that root system absorbs
It encloses, fertilizer undue concentration is avoided to burn out root system.Soil moisture content is 18wt%~28wt%, is conducive to root growth and nutrient
It absorbs.
Further, the width of the annular groove is 30cm~50cm, depth is 30cm~50cm.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: promotes the growth of pear tree root system, improves utilization rate of fertilizer.
Further, the fertilizer is decomposed farmyard manure 40kg~50kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 1kg~1.5kg and boron fertilizer 10g
The mass ratio of the mixture of~15g, the fertilizer and soil is 3:1.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: nutrition needed for Growth of Pear Trees can be replenished in time in above-mentioned fertilizer, promote
Pear tree nutrition is stored up.
Further, the farmyard manure is the one of chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, cow dung, sheep dung and/or straw, straw and weeds
Kind or several mixtures.
The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of calcium magnesium phosphate can such as be purchased from Guizhou Province's Fuquan phosphate fertilizer Co., Ltd., Factory, wherein effectively
Mass percentage >=15% of phosphorus pentoxide；Or it is purchased from Xuanwei City Heng Bang phosphorus chemical industry Co., Ltd, wherein effective five
Aoxidize mass percentage >=15% of two phosphorus；Or it is purchased from Hubei gold jewel Chemical Co., Ltd., wherein effective five oxidation two
Mass percentage >=15% of phosphorus.
The above-mentioned commercially available purchase of boron fertilizer can such as be purchased from United States Borax Inc., and name of product is holding force boron, wherein boron
Mass percentage >=15%；Or it is purchased from U.S.'s Pulekang company, name of product is that will believes high boron, wherein the quality percentage of boron
Content >=15%.
Further, in step 2, the moisturizing processing refers to the package of the scion under being adopted with wet towel, sprays water, keeps in time
Moisture content 50%~70%.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: moisturizing processing can reduce scion dehydration caused by moisture evaporation,
With guarantee scion vigor and survival rate 80% or more.
Further, in step 2, the Pear Trees with Various Cultivars in the theatre for not turning over autumn flower is golden pear, water-rich areas, emerald, kingfisher
It is preced with and one of Su Cui 1 or a variety of.
Be using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: above-mentioned Pear Trees with Various Cultivars is generally acknowledged in the industry high-quality, high added value
Kind.By grafting the bud of high-quality Pear varieties, the operatic circle of high-quality, high added value can be produced, economic benefit is increased.
Further, in step 7, the bagging is using the yellow double-deck paper bag of interior infrablack.
It is using above-mentioned further beneficial effect: appearance and quality can be improved, increases commodity fruit rate.
Specific embodiment
Principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with specific embodiment, example is served only for explaining this hair
It is bright, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The method turned over autumn flower theatre and improve next year yield of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: theatre is located at hazard prevention, the town Xin Xu, Guanyang County, and Pear Trees with Various Cultivars is 10 years raw Cuiguan pears, has turned over autumn flower
Quantity is 53%, and seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m, and mu plants 55 plants.In early September, 2017, digging width at the tree crown drip of pear tree is
30cm, the annular groove that depth is 30cm, are that 3:1 is backfilling into ditch after mixing by fertilizer and the soil dug out in mass ratio,
Holding soil moisture content is 18wt%.The fertilizer of every plant of pear tree application is decomposed farmyard manure 40kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 1kg and boron fertilizer
The mixture of 10g.Wherein, the farmyard manure is the mixture of chicken manure, duck excrement, straw and straw.The commercially available purchase of calcium magnesium phosphate
It buys, Guizhou Province's Fuquan phosphate fertilizer Co., Ltd., Factory can be such as purchased from, wherein mass percentage >=15% of effective phosphorus pentoxide.
The commercially available purchase of boron fertilizer can such as be purchased from United States Borax Inc., and name of product is holding force boron, wherein the mass percentage of boron
>=15%.
Step 2:2017 November 22, in the Cuiguan pear theatre for not turning over autumn flower, choose length >=15cm, base diameter≤
1.5cm, the branch containing full bud and stalwartness, as scion；Scion now connects and now adopts, adopt it is lower after do moisturizing processing；The moisturizing
Processing refers to the package of the scion under being adopted with wet towel, sprays water in time, keeps moisture content 50%
Step 3: having turned over the theatre of autumn flower in step 1, the vertical branch or the branch of excessive growth of diameter 0.8cm have been selected, from branch base portion
Up 10cm is cut, as anvil stake.
Step 4:2017 November 22, the scion of step 2 is grafted onto the anvil of step 3 using the method for simple bud cut-grafting
In stake, and guarantee that the scion bud quantity grafted on every plant of pear tree is 50；
Step 5: carrying out artificial pollination in the florescence；The pollen that pollen is retained using last year acquisition, is purchased from the human relations agriculture of Qingdao treasure
Industry Science and Technology Ltd., specification are 10g/ packet.
Step 6: 25d after full blossom carries out fruit thinning after physiological fallen fruit, removes pest and disease damage fruit, malformed fruit, overstocked fruit, bad set
Bag fruit, each inflorescence chooses the 2nd, 3, the fruits of 4 tagmemes, and each tagmeme respectively stays 2~3 fruits.
Step 7: the yellow double-deck paper bag of infrablack carries out bagging in selecting after fruit thinning.
Step 8: other management measures are identical as theatre Routine Management.
Embodiment 2
The method turned over autumn flower theatre and improve next year yield of the present embodiment, includes the following steps:
Step 1: theatre is located at hazard prevention, the town Xin Xu, Guanyang County, and Pear Trees with Various Cultivars is 11 years raw Cuiguan pears, has turned over autumn flower
Quantity is 64%, and seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m, and mu plants 55 plants.In early October, 2017 digs width at the tree crown drip of pear tree
Fertilizer and the soil dug out are that 3:1 is backfilling into ditch after mixing by the annular groove for being 40cm for 45cm, depth in mass ratio
Interior, holding soil moisture content is 23wt%.The fertilizer of every plant of pear tree application is decomposed farmyard manure 45kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 1.2kg
With the mixture of boron fertilizer 12g.Wherein, the farmyard manure is duck excrement, pig manure, cow dung and the mixture of weeds.Calcium magnesium phosphate can be with
Commercially available purchase can such as be purchased from Xuanwei City Heng Bang phosphorus chemical industry Co., Ltd, wherein the quality percentage of effective phosphorus pentoxide contains
Amount >=15%.The commercially available purchase of boron fertilizer can such as be purchased from U.S.'s Pulekang company, and name of product is that will believes high boron, wherein boron
Mass percentage >=15%.
Step 2:2017 December 19, in the golden pear theatre for not turning over autumn flower, choose length >=15cm, base diameter≤
1.5cm, the branch containing full bud and stalwartness, as scion；Scion now connects and now adopts, adopt it is lower after do moisturizing processing；The moisturizing
Processing refers to the package of the scion under being adopted with wet towel, sprays water in time, keeps moisture content 50%~70%.
Step 3: having turned over the theatre of autumn flower in step 1, the vertical branch or the branch of excessive growth of diameter 1.2cm have been selected, from branch base portion
Up 15cm is cut, as anvil stake.
Step 4:2017 December 19, the scion of step 2 is grafted onto the anvil of step 3 using the method for simple bud cut-grafting
In stake, and guarantee that the scion bud quantity grafted on every plant of pear tree is 80；
Step 5: carrying out artificial pollination in the florescence；The pollen that pollen is retained using last year acquisition, is purchased from the human relations agriculture of Qingdao treasure
Industry Science and Technology Ltd., specification are 10g/ packet.
Step 6: 30d after full blossom carries out fruit thinning after physiological fallen fruit, removes pest and disease damage fruit, malformed fruit, overstocked fruit, bad set
Bag fruit, each inflorescence chooses the 2nd, 3, the fruits of 4 tagmemes, and each tagmeme respectively stays 2~3 fruits.
Step 7: the yellow double-deck paper bag of infrablack carries out bagging in selecting after fruit thinning.
Step 8: other management measures are identical as theatre Routine Management.
Embodiment 3
Step 1: theatre is located at hazard prevention, the town Xin Xu, Guanyang County, and Pear Trees with Various Cultivars is 11 years raw Cuiguan pears, has turned over autumn flower
Quantity is 81%, and seeding row spacing is 3m × 4m, and mu plants 55 plants.In early September, 2017, digging width at the tree crown drip of pear tree is
50cm, the annular groove that depth is 50cm, are that 3:1 is backfilling into ditch after mixing by fertilizer and the soil dug out in mass ratio,
Holding soil moisture content is 28wt%.The fertilizer of every plant of pear tree application is decomposed farmyard manure 50kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 1.5kg and boron
The mixture of fertile 15g.Wherein, the farmyard manure is the mixture of chicken manure, duck excrement, straw and straw.Calcium magnesium phosphate is commercially available
Purchase can such as be purchased from Hubei gold jewel Chemical Co., Ltd., wherein mass percentage >=15% of effective phosphorus pentoxide.
The commercially available purchase of boron fertilizer can such as be purchased from United States Borax Inc., and name of product is holding force boron, wherein the mass percentage of boron
>=15%.
Step 2:2018 January 9, in the water-rich areas theatre for not turning over autumn flower, choose length >=15cm, base diameter≤
1.5cm, the branch containing full bud and stalwartness, as scion；Scion now connects and now adopts, adopt it is lower after do moisturizing processing；The moisturizing
Processing refers to the package of the scion under being adopted with wet towel, sprays water in time, keeps moisture content 50%~70%.
Step 3: having turned over the theatre of autumn flower in step 1, the vertical branch or the branch of excessive growth of diameter 1.5cm have been selected, from branch base portion
Up 20cm is cut, as anvil stake.
Step 4:2017 November 22, the scion of step 2 is grafted onto the anvil of step 3 using the method for simple bud cut-grafting
In stake, and guarantee that the scion bud quantity grafted on every plant of pear tree is 100；
Step 5: carrying out artificial pollination in the florescence；The pollen that pollen is retained using last year acquisition, is purchased from the human relations agriculture of Qingdao treasure
Industry Science and Technology Ltd., specification are 10g/ packet.
Step 6: 35d after full blossom carries out fruit thinning after physiological fallen fruit, removes pest and disease damage fruit, malformed fruit, overstocked fruit, bad set
Bag fruit, each inflorescence chooses the 2nd, 3, the fruits of 4 tagmemes, and each tagmeme respectively stays 2~3 fruits.
Step 7: the yellow double-deck paper bag of infrablack carries out bagging in selecting after fruit thinning.
Step 8: other management measures are identical as theatre Routine Management.
Comparative example 1: grafting scion and the comparison for not grafting scion
Unlike embodiment 1-3, this comparative example 1 does not graft scion, i.e., the step 2-5 of no embodiment 1-3, remaining
It is all identical.
The method that embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1 is respectively adopted, Mei Gechong separately sampled in March, 2018, July and August
Multiple to take 3 plants totally 9 plants at random, statistics bud grafting survival number, grafting bud are bloomed number, survival rate, abloom rate and former Cuiguan pear (mother
Tree) yield, bud grafting yield, average strain production, mean fruit weight and soluble solid content.Wherein, survival rate=bud
Grafting survival number/bud grafting sum × 100%；Abloom rate=grafting bud bloom number/bud grafting sum × 100%；Mu
Produce=(elite stand strain production+grafting bud strain produces) × 55 plants.
Interpretation of result
(1) influence of the different disposal to bud graft survival rate and abloom rate
The scion bud of different number is grafted on turning over autumn colored pear tree, bud survives several, bloom number, survival rate and abloom rate
It is shown in Table 1.
As shown in Table 1, the scion bud quantity of the every plant of pear-tree grafting of embodiment 1 is 50, and scion bud survival rate is
88.67%, abloom rate 78.22%.The scion bud quantity of the every plant of pear-tree grafting of embodiment 2 is 80, and scion bud survives
Rate is 86.11%, abloom rate 75.97%.The scion bud quantity of the every plant of pear-tree grafting of embodiment 3 is 100, scion bud
Survival rate is 86.89%, abloom rate 76.22%.
The bud grafting survival number of 1 different disposal of table, at spending number, survival rate, abloom rate statistical form
(2) influence of the different disposal to yield and quality
After grafting the scion bud of different number on turning over autumn flower pear tree, elite stand yield, bud grafting yield, average strain
It produces, mean fruit weight and soluble solid content are shown in Table 2.
As shown in Table 2, the scion bud quantity of the every plant of pear-tree grafting of embodiment 1 is 50, per mu yield 2407.9kg, can
Dissolubility solid content is 11.3%.The scion bud quantity of the every plant of pear-tree grafting of embodiment 2 is 80, and per mu yield is
2349.6kg (wherein elite stand per mu yield 775.5kg), soluble solid content 13.2%.The every plant of pear-tree grafting of embodiment 3
Scion bud quantity be 100, per mu yield highest, up to 2494.8kg (wherein elite stand per mu yield 523.05kg) are soluble
Solid content is 12.1%.The per mu yield of comparative example 1 is 1205.6kg.
The per mu yield of embodiment 1 is 1.997 times of comparative example 1, output increased 99.7%.
The per mu yield of embodiment 2 is 1.949 times of comparative example 1, output increased 94.9%.The solubility of embodiment 2 is solid
Shape object content improves 16.8% than the soluble solid content of embodiment 1.
The per mu yield of embodiment 3 is 2.069 times of comparative example 1, output increased 106.9%.The solubility of embodiment 3 is solid
Shape object content improves 7.1% than the soluble solid content of embodiment 1.
2 different disposal elite stand yield of table, bud grafting yield, strain production, single fruit weight and soluble solid content statistical form
(3) conclusion
It can be seen that the bud of scion is grafted on turning over autumn flower pear tree, the quantity point of the scion bud of every plant of pear-tree grafting
Wei not be 50,80 and 100, per mu yield respectively reaches 2407.9kg, 2349.6kg and 2494.8kg, respectively than comparative example 1
99.7%, 94.9%, 106.9% is improved, is all significantly increased than comparative example 1.Wherein, 100 buds of every plant of grafting, effect
Most preferably.
The scion bud of different cultivars is grafted on the elite stand of same breed, and soluble solid content is also different.Wherein,
The soluble solid content for grafting Cuiguan pear bud is minimum, is 11.3%.The soluble solid of grafting golden pear bud contains
Highest is measured, reaches 13.2%, the soluble solid content than grafting Cuiguan pear bud improves 16.8%.It followed by grafts rich
The soluble solid content of water pear flower bud is 12.1%, and the soluble solid than grafting Cuiguan pear bud improves 7.1%.
Thus illustrate, illustrate that grafting high-quality Pear varieties bud can guarantee the operatic circle for producing high-quality, high added value.
Comparative example 2:9 the first tenday period of a month month~mid-October whether the comparison of basal dressing
As different from Example 2, this comparative example 2 is in not basal dressing early September~mid-October, i.e., no embodiment 2
Step 1, remaining is all identical.
Separately sampled in March, 2018, July and August by embodiment 2 and comparative example 2, each repetition takes 3 plants totally 9 at random
Strain, bloom number, survival rate, abloom rate and original Cuiguan pear (elite stand) yield, bud of statistics bud grafting survival number, grafting bud are transferred
The amount of practicing midwifery, average strain production, mean fruit weight and soluble solid content.Wherein, survival rate=bud grafting survival number/bud
Grafting sum × 100%；Abloom rate=grafting bud bloom number/bud grafting sum × 100%；Per mu yield=(elite stand strain produces+it transfers
Connect bud strain production) × 55 plants.
Interpretation of result
(1) influence of the different disposal to bud graft survival rate and abloom rate
The scion bud of different number is grafted on turning over autumn colored pear tree, bud survives several, bloom number, survival rate and abloom rate
It is shown in Table 3.
As shown in Table 3, the scion bud quantity of the every plant of pear-tree grafting of embodiment 2 is 80, and scion bud survival rate is
86.11%, abloom rate 75.97%.The scion bud quantity of the every plant of pear-tree grafting of comparative example 2 is 80, and scion bud survives
Rate is 81.53%, abloom rate 71.53%.
Embodiment 2 grafts 1.056 times that bud survival rate is comparative example 2, and survival rate improves 5.6%；Embodiment 2 is grafted
Bud abloom rate is 1.083 times of comparative example 2, and abloom rate improves 8.3%.
The bud grafting survival number of 3 different disposal of table, at spending number, survival rate, abloom rate statistical form
(2) influence of the different disposal to yield and quality
After grafting the scion bud of different number on turning over autumn flower pear tree, elite stand yield, bud grafting yield, average strain
It produces, mean fruit weight and soluble solid content are shown in Table 4.
As shown in Table 4, the scion bud quantity of the every plant of pear-tree grafting of embodiment 2 is 80, per mu yield 2349.6kg, can
Dissolubility solid content is 13.2%.The scion bud quantity of the every plant of pear-tree grafting of comparative example 2 is 80, and per mu yield highest is high
Up to 1858.5kg, soluble solid content 12.5%.
The per mu yield of embodiment 2 is 1.264 times of comparative example 2, output increased 26.4%.The bud of embodiment 2 is grafted
Soluble solid content improves 5.6% than the soluble solid content of comparative example 2.
4 different disposal elite stand yield of table, bud grafting yield, strain production, single fruit weight and soluble solid content statistical form
(3) conclusion
It can be seen that grafting the bud of scion, the quantity 80 of the scion bud of every plant of pear-tree grafting on turning over autumn flower pear tree
A, embodiment 2 grafts bud survival rate and improves 5.6% than comparative example 2；Embodiment 2 is grafted bud abloom rate and is mentioned than comparative example 2
It is high by 8.3%；2 per mu yield of embodiment reaches 2349.6kg, and the 1858.5kg than comparative example 2 improves 26.4%；Embodiment 2
Bud grafts soluble solid content and improves 5.6% than the soluble solid content of comparative example 2.Therefore, in early September
~mid-October increases base manure, can significantly improve graft survival rate, abloom rate, yield and quality.
Comparative example 3: scion adopt it is lower after whether moisturizing processing comparison
As different from Example 2, this comparative example 3 does not do moisturizing processing, i.e., at the moisturizing of the step 2 of no embodiment 2
Reason, remaining is all identical.Respectively in the case where scion is adopted for 24 hours, 48h, 72h, in the step 4 of embodiment 2 and comparative example 3, every plant of pear tree
The scion bud quantity of upper grafting is 80, in March, 2018 count bud grafting survival number, grafting bud bloom number, at
Motility rate, abloom rate.
Interpretation of result
(1) influence of the different disposal to bud graft survival rate and abloom rate
Different disposal grafts bud on turning over autumn flower pear tree, and bud survives number, bloom number, survival rate and abloom rate are shown in Table 5.
As shown in Table 5, scion adopt down for 24 hours, after 48h, 72h, embodiment 2 grafts the processed scion of moisturizing, and bud survives
Rate is 85%, 82.5%, 78.78% respectively, and abloom rate is 72.5%, 71.25%, 70% respectively；Scion adopt down for 24 hours, 48h,
After 72h, comparative example 3 grafts the scion of not moisturizing processing, and bud survival rate is 77.5%, 56.25%, 37.5%, Cheng Hua respectively
Rate is 65%, 47.5%, 22.5% respectively.
The bud grafting survival number of 5 different disposal of table, at spending number, survival rate, abloom rate statistical form
(2) conclusion
Scion adopt down for 24 hours, after 48h, 72h, graft the processed scion of moisturizing, than grafting not moisturizing processing scion, flower
Bud survival rate has been respectively increased 9.67%, 46.67% and 110.08%；Scion adopt down for 24 hours, after 48h, 72h, grafting moisturizing processing
The scion crossed, than the scion of grafting not moisturizing processing, bud abloom rate has been respectively increased 11.54%, 50% and 211.1%.
It can be seen that scion adopt it is lower after do moisturizing processing, be remarkably improved graft survival rate and abloom rate, and with moisturizing
The increase of time is handled, the survival rate and abloom rate of bud are also reducing.So scion adopt it is lower after, carry out grafting immediately as most
It is good, it is advisable with being no more than 72 hours.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, it is all in spirit of the invention and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of method that autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: in the theatre for having turned over autumn flower, early September~mid-October, basal dressing；
Step 2: mid-January in early November to next year, in the theatre for not turning over autumn flower, selection length >=15cm, base diameter≤
1.5cm, the branch containing full bud and stalwartness, as scion；Scion now connects and now adopts, adopt it is lower after do moisturizing processing；
Step 3: having turned over the theatre of autumn flower in step 1, the vertical branch or the branch of excessive growth of diameter 0.8cm~1.5cm have been selected, from branch base
Up 10cm~20cm is cut in portion, as anvil stake；
Step 4: mid-January in early November to next year, the scion of step 2 being grafted onto step using the method for simple bud cut-grafting
In 3 anvil stake, and guarantee that the scion bud quantity grafted on every plant of pear tree is 50~100；
Step 5: carrying out artificial pollination in the florescence；
Step 6: carrying out fruit thinning after physiological fallen fruit, each inflorescence chooses the 2nd, 3, the fruits of 4 tagmemes, and each tagmeme respectively stays 2~3
Fruit；
Step 7: bagging；
Step 8: other management measures are identical as theatre Routine Management.
2. the method that autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step 1
Basal dressing specific method is: digging annular groove at the tree crown drip of pear tree, fertilizer is returned after mixing with the soil dug out
It fills out in ditch, holding soil moisture content is 18wt%~28wt%.
3. the method that autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the annular groove
Width is 30cm~50cm, depth is 30cm~50cm.
4. the method that autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the fertilizer is corruption
The mixture of ripe farmyard manure 40kg~50kg, calcium magnesium phosphate 1kg~1.5kg and boron fertilizer 10g~15g, the fertilizer and soil
Mass ratio be 3:1.
5. the method that autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the farmyard manure is
One or more of mixtures of chicken manure, duck excrement, pig manure, cow dung, sheep dung and/or straw, straw and weeds.
6. the method that autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step 2
Moisturizing processing refers to the package of the scion under being adopted with wet towel, sprays water in time, keeps moisture content 50wt%~70wt%.
7. the method that autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step 2
The Pear Trees with Various Cultivars in the theatre of autumn flower is not turned over as golden pear, water-rich areas, emerald, emerald green hat and one of Su Cui 1 or a variety of.
8. the method that autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step 7
Bagging is using the yellow double-deck paper bag of interior infrablack.
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| CN102144518A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-08-10 | 广西大学 | Method for eliminating secondary flowering in autumn of south special early-maturing pears |
| KR20120052134A (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-23 | 원은미 | Graft loquat tree |
| CN104365386A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-02-25 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for making up for yield losses after serious pear leaf early senility falling |
| CN108040649A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-18 | 薛凤梧 | The branches of tall trees swap method of pear tree |
| CN108668870A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-19 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of north high-yield pear cultivation method |
| CN109392587A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-03-01 | 庐山市环绿时代农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods in pear tree rapid-result garden fastly |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20120052134A (en) * | 2010-11-15 | 2012-05-23 | 원은미 | Graft loquat tree |
| CN102144518A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2011-08-10 | 广西大学 | Method for eliminating secondary flowering in autumn of south special early-maturing pears |
| CN104365386A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-02-25 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for making up for yield losses after serious pear leaf early senility falling |
| CN108040649A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-18 | 薛凤梧 | The branches of tall trees swap method of pear tree |
| CN108668870A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-10-19 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of north high-yield pear cultivation method |
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