CN103416276B - Roxburgh rose seedling raising method - Google Patents
Roxburgh rose seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a roxburgh rose seedling raising method. The method comprises the steps that high-quality roxburgh rose seeds are selected, the medicine seed soaking, the stage temperature change, the stratifcation treatment and the manual accelerating germination are carried out, roxburgh rose seeds subjected to accelerating germination are sowed before and after 5 to 10 days when winter begins, and the seed consumption quantity is 15kg per mu; after the sowing is completed, 0.5 to 1 cm of thick and fine sandy soil is covered until no seeds are seen, bamboo splints are used for building a small tunnel at the ridge surface, a sunshade net with 50 percent to 75 percent of shading rate and a mulching film are covered, and the film and the sunshade net are uncovered after the seedling emergence; and once irrigation is respectively carried out after the film uncovering, at the end of December and after the temporary planting at the beginning of April in the seedling period, and 800kg per mu to 1000kg per mu of clear liquid dung is applied at each time. After the seedling raising method is adopted, the large-field germination rate of roxburgh rose seeds is improved from 50 to 60 percent to 70 to 80 percent, the seed quantity for seedling breeding is reduced by more than 30 percent, the obtained seedlings are regular and uniform, and the finished product rate of the cultured commercial seedlings reaches about 90 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seedling-cultivating method of Rosa roxburghii.
Background technology
Rosa roxburghii is the fruit of Guizhou Province's special product, is medicine food dual purpose plant, naturally scattered between 900～1700 meters of height above sea level.Belong to the perennial undershrub of the rose family, be again oblonga, be bestowed by heaven really, fruit is rich in multiple nutrients composition.Kangxu < < Guizhou leads to will > >, will > > is on the books for mansion, light < < Kweiyang, road: " perverse pears, wild ... ripe edible, the micro-acid of taste, can endure as cream, also can make wine, Guizhou Province belongs to all to be had, passing by is nothing ", in < < Compendium of Materia Medica > >, carry: " can directing oneself from boredom of food, disappear stagnant ", " Rosa roxburghii listing, imperial physician's impunity " etc.The relevant R&D institutions such as Guizhou Agriculture College and Beijing, Shanghai, have carried out large component analysis to Rosa roxburghii composition, contain VC:2054～2725 milligram in every 100 grams of Rosa roxburghii pulp, higher 500 times than apple, burnt higher 400 times than fragrant, higher 20 times than kiwi fruit, be undisputed " king of Vc ".The VP(rutin of Rosa roxburghii) content is high, containing VP980～1289 milligram, higher 120 times than citrus in every 100 grams of pulp.The old material of SOD face nourishing antidebilitation content in all fruits and vegetables is the highest.So Rosa roxburghii has the title of VC king, VP king, SOD king " three chloroazotic acid fruits ".Rosa roxburghii is also rich in calcium, zinc, strontium, copper, the material such as violent, with regard to strontium, 60 PPm(are 100Ke Zhong Han60Ge unit), just there is pre-anti-cancer effect, and general containing 75PPm above (being more than 100Ke Zhong Han75Ge unit) in perverse pears, its anti-cancer is worth well imagines.Rosa roxburghii can be the unusual jewellery in fruits and vegetables, is rare in the world rareness species, is the whole mankind's treasure.
The scientific research institutions in China's modern times, professor expert studies discovery: Rosa roxburghii has the important function of several aspects to human health:
1, eliminate people's interior free yl, prevent that cell is undermined;
2, strengthen body immunity, delay senility, healthy and strong health, beautifying face and moistering lotion;
3, the carcinogenesis of anti-nitrous base class material, prevents that cancer and monster from occurring;
4, hypotensive, reducing blood lipid, antiatherosclerosis;
5, the heavy metal such as toxin expelling, lead discharging, arsenic, cadmium, and can make poisoning rear body free radical raise and immunity degradation is recovered normally;
6, adjustable stomach and intestine function, the having indigestion that can not only disappear, also has diarrhea-relieving function;
7, prevention scurvy and canker sore.
At present, Rosa roxburghii carried out artificial planting about nearly ten years in Guizhou Province, because of the deepening continuously of this product development and marketing, and presents market development and has a high potential, and development prospect is wide.But because the current cultivated area of Rosa roxburghii is subject to traditional cuttage and seedling culture pattern, affect, after transplanting, Rosa roxburghii seedling, because self being with shortcoming survival rate not high, cannot meet the demand of processing enterprise.Therefore improve the transplanting survival rate of Rosa roxburghii nursery stock, the Rosa roxburghii seedling-cultivating method of developing a set of science has become a problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming above-mentioned defect, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of energy and substitutes traditional Rosa roxburghii cuttage raise seedling technique, improves the new method of Rosa roxburghii transplanting survival rate.
1, a seedling-cultivating method for Rosa roxburghii, is characterized in that: the concrete steps of this seedling-cultivating method are:
(1) maternal plant of reserving seed for planting is selected
4～May Rosa roxburghii season of flowers carry out, specific requirement:
(1), 5 years above maturations tree that bears fruit, plant growing way is vigorous, branch is strong, blade is rich;
(2), flower rule evenly, color and luster is normal;
(3), whole plant has no mechanical damage and damage by disease and insect, is distributed in manageable and observation area;
(4), the maternal plant of reserving seed for planting after choosing need to be listed and be identified and carry out dossier;
(2), maternal plant management
(1), do rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect prevention work well, reject weeds and other fast-growing weedtree;
(2), forbid large-scale livestock to enter destruction;
(3), strictly pay close attention to maternal plant growing way, each observation is carried out to detailed record, note abnormalities and should notify at once and process on request;
(3), maternal plant is screened before collecting seed
(1), by the requirement of collecting seed, seed collecting maternal plant is screened;
(2), to cultivating the maternal plant of occurred in way to quarantine venereal disease, insect pest, should give eliminating;
(3), malformed fruit or damage fruit, more small-sized fruit or tenderer, disease fruit should be wiped out in seed collecting for first 30 days;
(4), seed collection
Generally at mid or late September, fruit of Grossularia burejensis Berger, when ripe, gather:
(1), collecting fruit diameter >=3 centimetre, the healthy and strong fruit of golden yellow color;
(2) the kind fruit, gathering the same day must gather seed the same day;
(3), adopt manual type to get kind, guarantee under prerequisite that seed is intact, harmless to carry out other utilization to the pulp after getting kind;
(4), the seed that gathers should dry moisture after packing and storing standby, and carry out mildew-resistant, protection against rodents work;
(5), seed treatment
(1), taking out the seed being collected screens;
(2), with the sieve of dimension, seed is sieved, screen out too small, cross tender or damaged seed, screen out impurity;
(6), seed treatment
(1), freezing processing: after seed screening, seed to be sowed is put into freezer, keep 2～5 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 80～85%, cryogenic freezing 6～7 days, carries out in advance hibernation, promotes the differentiation of seed plumule;
(2), seed soaking: in container, put into be about 3 times of seed volumes 30～40 ℃ of warm water, at warm water, by 1000 times of liquid proportionals, add thiophanate methyl to stir, then seed is poured in container and constantly stirred, the light stranding with the hands 30 minutes of warm water more renewing when water temperature is down to 25 ℃, finally change again with warm water insulation 12 hours, then pull seed out, drain away the water, mix thoroughly with the wet sand of 2～3 volumes, put into warm a heatable brick bed or greenhouse vernalization, after this keep 25 ℃ of humidity with sand; While having 30% seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally after approximately 1 week, can sow;
(7), sowing
Seeding method adopts artificial broadcast, 1 meter unpack, 30 centimetres, railway carriage or compartment ditch, degree of depth 0.5-1 centimetre, take and lose seed as degree, furrow face is built little shed by bamboo cane, covers shading rate 50%～75% sunshade net and plastic mulching on it, and every 667 square metres of seeding quantity is generally 15 kilograms;
(8), seedling management
After seed sprouting, take off film in good time and throw off sunshade net; Take off seedling stage after film, next year by the end of February, each is irrigated once respectively after heeling at the beginning of 4 months, executes liquid dung 800 ㎏/mu～1000 ㎏/mu clearly at every turn, and uses container to heel in or field secondary moves soil in good time and heels in mid-March; Before heeling in, carry out a thinning, reject small and weak, disease and excessive growth seedling, guarantee neat, the homogeneity of nursery stock; Heel in rear weeding and the extermination of disease and insect pest of in good time carrying out;
(9), lifting goes out garden
After the Beginning of Winter, start lifting and go out garden, bagged seedlings is by 50 strain/bundles, bottom sleeving plastic woven bag; In ground, heeling in seedling starts shipment by the 100 strains/car of in bundling.
Adopt seedling-cultivating method of the present invention to make the land for growing field crops germination rate of Rosa roxburghii seed bring up to 70～80% by original 50-60%, seedling breeding sowing quantity lowers more than 30%, and the seedling of acquisition is neatly even.The commercial seedling yield rate bringing out reaches 90% left and right.
Embodiment
Rosa roxburghii is a kind of wild clay thing originally, and its medical value is very high, and its flower, leaf fruit, seed can be used as medicine, and has stomach invigorating, helps digestion, the effect of nourishing, antidiarrheal.Particularly Rosa roxburghii is rich in superoxide dismutase (be called for short SOD), and it not only has effect anti-ageing, anti-cancer, also has antiviral, radiation-resistant effect, aspect cardiovascular, digestive system and various tumor disease prevent and treat, applies very extensive.But only rely on the quantity of wild thorn pear cannot meet the needs in market at all, therefore the invention provides a kind of seedling-cultivating method of new Rosa roxburghii.
One, the maternal plant of reserving seed for planting is selected
4～May, Rosa roxburghii season of flowers carried out then, specific requirement:
1,5 years above maturations tree that bears fruit, plant growing way is vigorous, and branch is strong, blade is rich;
2, evenly, color and luster is normal for flower rule;
3, whole plant has no mechanical damage and damage by disease and insect, is distributed in manageable and observation area;
4, the maternal plant of reserving seed for planting after choosing need to be listed and be identified and carry out dossier.
Two, maternal plant management
(1), maternal plant is cultivated, observes:
1, do rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect prevention work well, reject weeds and other fast-growing weedtree;
2, forbid large-scale livestock to enter destruction;
3, strictly pay close attention to maternal plant growing way, each observation is carried out to detailed record, note abnormalities and should notify at once and process on request;
(2), maternal plant is screened (CCP 1) before collecting seed:
1, by the requirement of collecting seed, seed collecting maternal plant is screened;
2, to cultivating the maternal plant of occurred in way to quarantine venereal disease, insect pest, should give eliminating;
3, malformed fruit or damage fruit, more small-sized fruit or tenderer, disease fruit should be wiped out in first 30 days (mid or late August) of seed collecting;
Three, seed collection
Generally at mid or late September, fruit of Grossularia burejensis Berger hundred per cent, when ripe, gather:
1, collecting fruit diameter >=3 centimetre, the healthy and strong fruit of golden yellow color;
2, the kind fruit gathering the same day must remove kind of (seed) same day;
3, adopt manual type to get kind of (seed), ban use of machinery to get kind, guaranteeing can to carry out other utilization to the pulp of getting after planting under the prerequisite that seed is intact, harmless;
4, after the seed gathering should dry moisture, packing and storing is standby, and carries out mildew-resistant, protection against rodents work.
Four, seed treatment
(1) seed screening:
1, taking out the seed being collected screens;
2, with instruments such as sieve, windmills (oceangoing ship), to being sieved seed, sieve, screen out the seed of too small, excessively tender (not full) or (breakage), screen out impurity;
(2) seed treatment
1, freezing processing: (early and middle ten days in November) puts into freezer (2～5 ℃, relative moisture 80～85%) cryogenic freezing 6～7 days by seed to be sowed after seed screening, carries out in advance hibernation, promotes the differentiation of seed plumule.With this, strengthen seed at cold tolerance after planting, improve germination rate.
2, seed soaking: in container, put into be about 3 times of seed volumes warm water (30～40 ℃), at warm water, by 1000 times of liquid proportionals, add thiophanate methyl to stir, then seed is poured in container and constantly stirred, when water temperature is down to 25 ℃, changes with new warm water and gently rub with the hands, after change again with warm water insulation 12 hours, then pull seed out, drain away the water, mix thoroughly with the wet sand of 2～3 volumes, put into warm a heatable brick bed or greenhouse vernalization, after this regulate in time temperature (25 ℃ of left and right) and humidity (humidity of sand is to hold agglomerating but not drip and be advisable).While having 30% seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally after approximately 1 week, can sow.
Five, sowing and seedling management
(1) sowing
Rosa roxburghii planting seed has sows in spring and two kinds of autumn sowings, with autumn sowing, grow seedlings comparatively desirable, autumn sowing can be that soil freezes that disappearing daytime sows is advisable night before and after " the Beginning of Winter ", allows seed survive the winter in soil, and seeding method adopts artificial broadcast, 1 meter unpack, 30 centimetres, railway carriage or compartment ditch, 0.5～1 centimetre of the degree of depth, take and lose seed as degree, and furrow face is built little shed by bamboo cane, on it, cover shading rate 50%～75% sunshade net and plastic mulching, every 667 square metres of seeding quantity is generally 15 kilograms.
(2) seedling management
After seed sprouting, take off film in good time and throw off sunshade net; Seedling stage after taking off film, next year by the end of February, respectively each is irrigated once after heeling at the beginning of 4 months, executes liquid dung 800 ㎏/mu～1000 ㎏/mu clearly at every turn, and heel in or field secondary moves soil in good time and heels at Treeplanting Day front and back utilization containers (nutrition cup or nutritious bag).Before heeling in, carry out a thinning, reject small and weak, disease and extreme excessive growth seedling, guarantee neat, the homogeneity of nursery stock.Heel in rear weeding and the extermination of disease and insect pest of in good time carrying out.
Six, lifting goes out garden
To starting lifting after the Beginning of Winter, go out garden, bag (cup) dress seedling is pressed 50 strain/bundles, bottom sleeving plastic woven bag, heels in (naked) seedling and start shipment by the 100 strains/car of in bundling in ground.
Seedling-cultivating method of the present invention can effectively guarantee survival rate after the transplanting of Rosa roxburghii seedling, be mainly manifested in emerge neat, emerge early, nursery stock tree-like good, center stem is obvious, coring growth is vigorous, complete stalwartness is grown in seedling strain, has improved the survival rate of its plantation.The land for growing field crops germination rate that the present invention makes Rosa roxburghii seed brings up to 70～80% by original 50～60%, and seedling breeding sowing quantity lowers more than 30%, and the seedling of acquisition is neatly even.The commercial seedling yield rate bringing out reaches 90% left and right.From source, solved Rosa roxburghii tradition cuttage and seedling culture tree-like poor, center stem is not obvious, root system is few, regularity is low, seedling commodity is poor, the problems such as survival rate is not high after transplanting.
Claims (1)
1. a seedling-cultivating method for Rosa roxburghii, is characterized in that: the concrete steps of this seedling-cultivating method are:
(1) maternal plant of reserving seed for planting is selected
4～May Rosa roxburghii season of flowers carry out, specific requirement:
(1), 5 years above maturations tree that bears fruit, plant growing way is vigorous, branch is strong, blade is rich;
(2), flower rule evenly, color and luster is normal;
(3), whole plant has no mechanical damage and damage by disease and insect, is distributed in manageable and observation area;
(4), the maternal plant of reserving seed for planting after choosing need to be listed and be identified and carry out dossier;
(2), maternal plant management
(1), do rich water quality management and damage by disease and insect prevention work well, reject weeds and other fast-growing weedtree;
(2), forbid large-scale livestock to enter destruction;
(3), strictly pay close attention to maternal plant growing way, each observation is carried out to detailed record, note abnormalities and should notify at once and process on request;
(3), maternal plant is screened before collecting seed
(1), by the requirement of collecting seed, seed collecting maternal plant is screened;
(2), to cultivating the maternal plant of occurred in way to quarantine venereal disease, insect pest, should give eliminating;
(3), malformed fruit or damage fruit, more small-sized fruit or tenderer, disease fruit should be wiped out in seed collecting for first 30 days;
(4), seed collection
At mid or late September, fruit of Grossularia burejensis Berger, when ripe, gather:
(1), collecting fruit diameter >=3 centimetre, the healthy and strong fruit of golden yellow color;
(2) the kind fruit, gathering the same day must gather seed the same day;
(3), adopt manual type to get kind, guarantee under prerequisite that seed is intact, harmless to carry out other utilization to the pulp after getting kind;
(4), the seed that gathers should dry moisture after packing and storing standby, and carry out mildew-resistant, protection against rodents work;
(5), seed treatment
(1), taking out the seed being collected screens;
(2), with the sieve of dimension, seed is sieved, screen out too small, cross tender or damaged seed, screen out impurity;
(6), seed treatment
(1), freezing processing: after seed screening, seed to be sowed is put into freezer, keep 2～5 ℃ of temperature, relative moisture 80～85%, cryogenic freezing 6～7 days, carries out in advance hibernation, promotes the differentiation of seed plumule;
(2), seed soaking: put into 30～40 ℃ of warm water for 3 times of seed volumes in container, add thiophanate methyl to stir at warm water by 1000 times of liquid proportionals, then seed is poured in container and constantly stirred, the light stranding with the hands 30 minutes of warm water more renewing when water temperature is down to 25 ℃, finally change again with warm water insulation 12 hours, then pull seed out, drain away the water, mix thoroughly with the wet sand of 2～3 volumes, put into warm a heatable brick bed or greenhouse vernalization, after this keep 25 ℃ of humidity with sand; While having 30% seed to show money or valuables one carries unintentionally after 1 week, can sow;
(7), sowing
Seeding method adopts artificial broadcast, 1 meter unpack, 30 centimetres, railway carriage or compartment ditch, degree of depth 0.5-1 centimetre, take and lose seed as degree, furrow face is built little shed by bamboo cane, covering shading rate 50%～75% sunshade net and plastic mulching it on, every 667 square metres of seeding quantity is 15 kilograms;
(8), seedling management
After seed sprouting, take off film in good time and throw off sunshade net; Take off seedling stage after film, next year by the end of February, each is irrigated once respectively after heeling at the beginning of 4 months, executes liquid dung 800 ㎏/mu～1000 ㎏/mu clearly at every turn, and uses container to heel in or field secondary moves soil in good time and heels in mid-March; Before heeling in, carry out a thinning, reject small and weak, disease and excessive growth seedling, guarantee neat, the homogeneity of nursery stock; Heel in rear weeding and the extermination of disease and insect pest of in good time carrying out;
(9), lifting goes out garden
After the Beginning of Winter, start lifting and go out garden, bagged seedlings is by 50 strain/bundles, bottom sleeving plastic woven bag; In ground, heeling in seedling starts shipment by the 100 strains/car of in bundling.
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| CN104770177B (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2017-11-03 | 贵州师范大学 | A kind of Rosa roxburghii isolated shoot method for culturing seedlings and the application in Rocky Desertification Control |
| CN105993575A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-10-12 | 普定县金鑫种养殖专业合作社 | Shorttube lycoris and roxburgh rose intercropping planting method |
| CN106489347A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-15 | 遵义康安农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Fructus Rosae Normalis seed fast seedling-cultivating method |
| CN107548849A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-01-09 | 安徽徽大农业有限公司 | A kind of seed seedling-raising method of Cuiguan pear |
| CN109041636B (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2021-12-03 | 贵州志浩刺梨产业开发有限公司 | Method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings |
| CN114424712B (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2023-11-21 | 北京林业大学 | A method for rapid breeding of prickly pear in North China |
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