CN102144518A - Method for eliminating secondary flowering in autumn of south special early-maturing pears - Google Patents
Method for eliminating secondary flowering in autumn of south special early-maturing pears Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for eliminating secondary flowering in autumn of south special early-maturing pears. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: immediately artificially removing all leaves on pear trees after fruits are picked so as to promote the pear trees to germinate postharvest shoots in the current year, and cultivating the postharvest shoots into fruit-bearing maternal branches of the next year through cultivation measures; and waking up flower buds by using a dormancy breaking agent to promote the flower buds to germinate in time and blossom and bear fruits in late January next year. In the technical scheme, the postharvest shoots are promoted by artificially removing the leaves after the fruits are picked, and the postharvest shoots are cultivated into the fruit-bearing maternal branches of next year by utilizing the characteristics of sufficient heat, little rainwater and enough light in south; meanwhile, the problem of secondary flowering in autumn of the pear trees caused by early leaf falling is radically solved by utilizing the characteristics that the leaf age of the postharvest shoots is short and the pear trees have few diseases in autumn, so that the quantity and quality of flower buds required by bearing the fruits every year are ensured, the high yield and stable yield of the south special early-maturing pears in successive years are achieved, the using amount of orchard pesticides and bactericides is reduced, and the pollution to the fruits and environment is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pear tree and plant, particularly eliminate the method that southern special jargonel turns over the autumn flower.
Background technology
Pear is in temperate fruit tree.The special jargonel in south is meant a class pear tree kind (group) of fruit maturation before early July of China's middle subtropical zone regional culture.In China south, particularly subtropical zone, the full-bloom stage of special jargonel of normal time is late Febuary～early March, and the fructescence is that late June is to early July.Because how wet southern summer high temperature is, disease and insect pest are serious, cause pear tree that undesired fallen leaves took place in mid-August to mid-November.Too early fallen leaves, the tree body does not enter dormancy as yet, and the high temperature and the idol of adding south autumn have rainwater, force pear tree rudiment and blooming once more behind fallen leaves then, promptly turn over the autumn flower.Turn over fruit that autumn flower tied because accumulated temperature deficiency between the puberty, can not normal development, there is not economic worth; And turn over autumn flower consumed the nutrition of tree body, the bud of having wasted the coming year causes next year not have flower and lose and receive.Therefore must avoid turning over the generation of autumn flower as far as possible.
Traditional pear tree culture technique all is to spend by the autumn of turning over that the blade on the protection spring tip is avoided causing because of falling leaves too early; but because southern pear tree begins growth morning (early Febuary); finish growth evening (late November～early December); need blade to stay the common pear tree than the north of time of tree to reach about 4 months, upward guarantor's leaf time is long, difficulty is big, cost is high to have caused southern pear tree management.
The undesired fallen leaves of avoiding that tradition is continued to use prevent that the method for turning over the autumn flower from being:
(1) extermination of disease and insect pest: purpose is to avoid blade to be caused harm by worm or catch an illness and come off too early.Measure is winter during clear garden, sprays 2 times 5 Baume degrees lime sulfurs; From spring sprout sprout to fruit harvesting, every 10～15 days insecticides of spray and bactericide; After the fruit picking to mid-November, every 15～20 days insecticides of spray and bactericide.
(2) fertilising: rudiment fertilizer is to apply before rudiment, and 0.75～1.25 kilogram in urea is executed in strain.Fruit-promoting fertilizer be fruit for the second time before the expanding stage, be that the spring tip is used when just having stopped vigorous growth, 0.5～0.75 kilogram in urea is executed in strain, 0.75～1.25 kilogram of composite fertilizer.Adopting back fertilizer is to use after fruit picking, and 0.75～1.25 kilogram in urea is executed in strain.Purpose is to recover tree vigo(u)r, prevents leaf abscission.Base manure is to apply before the fallen leaves late fall, and 20～25 kilograms of chicken manures are executed in strain, 1～1.5 kilogram in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, and ditching is executed.
But adopt above-mentioned method cost height, guarantor's leaf difficulty is big, can't avoid turning over the autumn flower, causes jargonel to yield poorly, and has limited the special jargonels of some high-qualitys in southern development.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of can the elimination fully in a large number and turns over autumn flower and the method that pear tree output obviously increases, the special jargonel in elimination south of stable yields turns over the autumn flower every year occurs, make.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above with following technical scheme: artificially removing blades all on the pear tree after the fruit picking immediately, impelling pear tree to sprout after fruit picking then and adopt the back tip, and cultivating into the bearing basal shoot in the coming year by cultivation step adopting the back tip; Bearing basal shoot in mid or late January next year, wakens bud with germinator and impels bud in time to sprout and yield positive results after forming.
The concrete measure that adopts is:
(1) extermination of disease and insect pest:
1, sprays 1 time 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur during clear garden winter, spray one time 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur before the rudiment again.
2, behind young sprout exhibition in the spring leaf, spray insecticide and bactericide, after 10～15 days, spray once again.
3, spray one time 5～6 Baume degrees lime sulfur after the fruit picking immediately, pesticide-germicide and defoliation (main purpose is a defoliation).
When 4, adopting back tip exhibition leaf, spray insecticide and bactericide, sprayed once again, spray altogether continuously 3 times every 15～20 days.
(2) fertilising
1, rudiment fertilizer: apply before rudiment, 0.75～1.25 kilogram in urea is executed in strain.
2, fruit-promoting fertilizer: fruit for the second time before the expanding stage, be that the spring tip is executed when just having stopped vigorous growth, 0.5～0.75 kilogram in urea is executed in strain, 0.75～1.25 kilogram of composite fertilizer.
3, it is fertile to adopt the back: use impel 3 days of disleave at spray 5～6 Baume degrees lime sulfurs after.Based on quick-acting fertilizer, 0.75～1.25 kilogram in urea is executed in strain.
4, flower bud differentiation fertilizer: used in 40 days after adopting back tip sprouting, 1～1.25 kilogram of potassium sulphate is executed in strain.
5, base manure: apply before fallen leaves, 20～25 kilograms of chicken manures are executed in strain, 1～1.5 kilogram in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, and ditching is executed.
(3) adopt the descendant and be defoliation, utilize and adopt the female branch of back tip cultivation results:
After special jargonel is gathered (early July), tree crown sprays one time 5～6 Baume degrees lime sulfur, carries out the manual removal to setting remaining blade after the week; In conjunction with applying fertilizer and pouring water, make pear tree sprout a young sprout, and utilize current young sprout in mid or late July, cultivate the bearing basal shoot of pear tree next year again.
(4) spray chemicals for breaking dormancy, promote bud to sprout on time:
When temperature is raised to daily mean temperature more than 15 ℃ time the (unit the middle of the month～last ten-days period in January), the tree body sprays chemicals for breaking dormancy one time, and the emphasis that sprays is a bud, and breaking dormancy impels bud in time to sprout.
The composition of chemicals for breaking dormancy is: percent volume to volume is 2.5～3.5% the cyanamide aqueous solution.
The application's technical scheme, key are disleaf after the fruit picking, are defoliation by the fruit picking descendant, inspire to adopt the back tip, have utilized the south back heat foot of gathering, and rainwater is few, and the characteristics of illumination foot are cultivated and adopted the back tip is the bearing basal shoot in the coming year; Simultaneously, the characteristics that leaf age is little, autumn is dry, disease is few on the tip of back are adopted in utilization, fundamentally avoid the pear tree blade because of the susceptible autumn flower problem of turning over that comes off too early and cause, guaranteed the needed bud quality and quantity of each annual bearing of pear tree, realize the stable high yield year after year of southern special jargonel, reduce the usage amount of orchard insecticide and bactericide simultaneously, reduced the pollution of fruit and environment.
Embodiment
Cardinal principle of the present invention is: special jargonel collecting time is late June～early July.This moment, high temperature season was just located in south, and pear tree does not also enter dormancy.Adopt the artificial physical method of removing blade can promote its rudiment young sprout (promptly adopting the back tip).Because of south scorching temperature time summer and autumn long, (after late November) occur to winter low temperature and have 150 days approximately from adopting the back defoliation, enough accumulated temperature has satisfied the needs that the bud of adopting on the tip of back is finished flower bud differentiation, has just formed bud before low temperature arrives in the winter time.Tip blade leaf age is little after adopting simultaneously, growth is vigorous, adds south high temperature and drought in autumn, and damage by disease and insect is few, can not occur causing occurring turning over the autumn flower because of fallen leaves before late November.After generally will arriving mid or late November, blade after adopting on the tip just begins to come off, the late December～all fallen the first tenday period of a month in January.Special jargonel has fallen after the leaf, and south has entered cold winter, and the bud of adopting on the back tip enters dormancy smoothly.Mid or late January next year, when daily mean temperature reached more than 15 ℃, tree crown sprayed chemicals for breaking dormancy one time, and the people is for abolishing dormancy, impelled bud in time to sprout and yield positive results.
In the cultivation management of planting fruit trees, cheap lime sulfur is mainly used in pesticide-germicide; And the applicant finds in long-term experiment: the higher lime sulfur of concentration also has the disleave function simultaneously; Utilize these characteristics of lime sulfur, the applicant is realizing that southern special jargonel has significantly reduced cost in the process of stable high yield year after year.
Insecticide can be selected for use from dichlorvos (working concentration is 600～800 times of liquid) commonly used or chlorophos (working concentration is 600～800 times of liquid) or Imidacloprid (working concentration is 2000～3000 times of liquid); Bactericide can be selected for use from bactericide 40% lucky star (working concentration is 8000 times of liquid) commonly used or big gloomy M45 (working concentration is 600～800 times of liquid) or topsin (working concentration is 600～800 times of liquid) or carbendazim (working concentration is 600～800 times of liquid).
Through field experiment, use year production cost, the annual value of production in the theatre of the technology of the present invention and conventional art plantation, the comparative result (with a mu is that unit calculates, and kind is the sweet osmanthus pears) as shown in table 1 of annual return respectively:
Table 1 the application patented method and conventional method be orchard cost, the output value, profit (to produce one mu of sweet osmanthus pear is example, does not contain land rent) in annual period
The test of table 1 is that to plant 55 strains, the age of tree be that the sweet osmanthus pear tree of life in 6 years is a subjects for 3 meters, line-spacing 4 meter, mus with spacing in the rows.Price with in the late June, 2010～early July Nanning City's wholesale market price calculate.With the sweet osmanthus theatre of this patent management by methods, in annual period, average mu spray medicine number of times lacks 9 times few 316 yuan of expense than conventional method; The expense of fruit bagging is 1272 yuan, than 915 yuan (because the former flower amount and result quantities are much more than the latter) more than 357.5 yuan of conventional method; Output is 2200kg, than the high 1375kg of 825kg of conventional method; 9680 yuan of annual value of production are than 4125 yuan high 5555 yuan of conventional method; 4169.5 yuan of year production costs are than 2702.5 yuan high 1467 yuan of conventional method; 5510.5 yuan of annual returns are than more than 1422.5 yuan 4088 yuan of conventional method; Year input-output ratio 2.32 is 1.53 higher by 0.79 than conventional method; Year profit-investment ratio 132.16%, 52.6210% high by 79.54% than conventional method.
Claims (3)
1. eliminate the method that southern special jargonel turns over autumn flower for one kind, it is characterized in that the fruit picking descendant, impel to sprout after the pear tree fruit picking then and adopt the back tip, and cultivate by cultivation step that to adopt the back tip be the bearing basal shoot in the coming year for removing all blades on the pear tree; Mid or late January next year, waken bud with chemicals for breaking dormancy and impel bud in time to sprout and yield positive results.
2. the southern special jargonel of elimination as claimed in claim 1 turns over the method for autumn flower, it is characterized in that adopting following concrete measure:
(1) extermination of disease and insect pest:
(1) sprays 1 time 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur during clear garden winter, spray one time 5 Baume degrees lime sulfur before the rudiment again;
(2) behind young sprout exhibition in the spring leaf, spray insecticide and bactericide, after 10～15 days, spray once again;
(3) spray one time 5～6 Baume degrees lime sulfur, pesticide-germicide and defoliation after the fruit picking immediately;
When (4) adopting back tip exhibition leaf, spray insecticide and bactericide, sprayed once again, spray altogether continuously 3 times every 15～20 days;
(2) fertilising
(1) rudiment fertilizer: apply before rudiment, 0.75～1.25 kilogram in urea is executed in strain;
(2) fruit-promoting fertilizer: fruit for the second time before the expanding stage, be that the spring tip is executed when just having stopped vigorous growth, 0.5～0.75 kilogram in urea is executed in strain, 0.75～1.25 kilogram of composite fertilizer;
(3) it is fertile to adopt the back: use impel 3 days of disleave at spray 5～6 Baume degrees lime sulfurs after; Based on quick-acting fertilizer, 0.75～1.25 kilogram in urea is executed in strain;
(4) flower bud differentiation fertilizer: used in 40～50 days after adopting back tip sprouting, 1～1.25 kilogram of potassium sulphate is executed in strain;
(5) base manure: apply before fallen leaves, 20～25 kilograms of chicken manures are executed in strain, 1～1.5 kilogram in fused calcium magnesium phosphate, and ditching is executed;
(3) adopt the descendant and be defoliation, utilize and adopt the female branch of back tip cultivation results:
After special jargonel was gathered, tree crown sprayed one time 5～6 Baume degrees lime sulfur, carried out the manual removal to setting remaining blade after the week; In conjunction with applying fertilizer and pouring water, make pear tree sprout a young sprout, and utilize current young sprout in mid or late July, cultivate the bearing basal shoot of pear tree next year again;
(4) spray chemicals for breaking dormancy, promote bud in time to sprout:
When temperature is raised to daily mean temperature more than 15 ℃ the time, the tree body sprays chemicals for breaking dormancy one time, and the emphasis that sprays is a bud, and breaking dormancy impels bud to sprout on time.
3. the southern special jargonel of elimination as claimed in claim 1 or 2 turns over the method for autumn flower, and the composition that it is characterized in that chemicals for breaking dormancy is that percent volume to volume is 2.5～3.5% the cyanamide aqueous solution.
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| CN 201010611538 CN102144518B (en) | 2010-12-29 | 2010-12-29 | Method for eliminating secondary flowering in autumn of south special early-maturing pears |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103371063A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-10-30 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for controlling pear trees from secondarily flowering and bearing fruits due to premature senescence and abscission of leaves |
| CN103518568A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-01-22 | 中国农业大学 | Method for comprehensive prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests in northern pear gardens |
| CN106804369A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-06-09 | 云南核度生物产业发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of temperate zone deciduous fruit tree in subtropical zone |
| CN110352723A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-22 | 广西特色作物研究院 | A method of autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising |
| CN113767807A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-10 | 保山市林业和草原技术推广站(保山市林业和草原科学研究所) | Phyllanthus emblica cultivation method |
-
2010
- 2010-12-29 CN CN 201010611538 patent/CN102144518B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 《南方园艺》 20091031 万保雄等 桂花梨在扶绥县的表现及栽培技术 19，25 1-3 第20卷, 第5期 * |
| 《广西园艺》 20060331 万保雄 广西梨树主要病害特点及其防治要点 39-40 1-3 第17卷, 第1期 * |
| 《福建果树》 20071231 刘柳姣 桂花梨二次果生长发育与品质调查分析 24-25 1-3 , 第4期 * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103371063A (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2013-10-30 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for controlling pear trees from secondarily flowering and bearing fruits due to premature senescence and abscission of leaves |
| CN103371063B (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2014-08-20 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | Method for controlling pear trees from secondarily flowering and bearing fruits due to premature senescence and abscission of leaves |
| CN103518568A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-01-22 | 中国农业大学 | Method for comprehensive prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests in northern pear gardens |
| CN106804369A (en) * | 2017-03-06 | 2017-06-09 | 云南核度生物产业发展有限公司 | A kind of cultural method of temperate zone deciduous fruit tree in subtropical zone |
| CN110352723A (en) * | 2019-07-22 | 2019-10-22 | 广西特色作物研究院 | A method of autumn flower theatre next year yield is turned in raising |
| CN113767807A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-10 | 保山市林业和草原技术推广站(保山市林业和草原科学研究所) | Phyllanthus emblica cultivation method |
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| CN102144518B (en) | 2013-04-10 |
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