The many crop cultivation methods of a kind of eggplant
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of a kind of vegetables, be specifically related to a kind of many crop cultivation methods of eggplant.
Background technology
Eggplant belongs to annual herb plant, elliptic leaf shape, flower purple; Eggplant originates in India, in China, cultivation history is long, eggplant strong adaptability, output is high, the supply phase is long, generally can cultivate in China various places, eggplant is a kind of typical vegetables, according to the difference of kind, usage is various, be one of vegetables of summer and autumn, the nutrients mass-energy such as the citrin that eggplant is rich in strengthen the adhesion strength of human body cell, strengthen the elasticity of capillary, reduce fragility and the permeability of capillary, prevent microvascular Rupture haemorrhag, make blood platelet keep normal function, and have prevention scurvy and promote effect of wound healing.Therefore often eat eggplant and have certain prevention effect to preventing and treating hypertension, arteriosclerosis, spitting of blood, purple plague purpura disease and scurvy etc.The cultivation of eggplant comprises following primary condition.
(1) temperature: belong to warm season vegetable, its growth preference temperature be 25-30 DEG C on daytime, night 15-20 DEG C.Temperature, more than 35 DEG C or lower than 15 DEG C of poor growths, easily causes fallen flowers.Less than 10 DEG C stop growing, and less than 5 DEG C freeze injury occurs, less than 0 DEG C death of then enduring cold.In solanaceous vegetables, the requirement of eggplant to temperature is the highest.
(2) illumination: belong to intense light irradiation vegetables, requires strict to illumination.Under the condition long in the sunshine time, illumination is strong, plant strain growth is vigorous, easily obtains kipeming high yield; Otherwise flower bud differentiation and postponement of blooming, floral organ depauperation, fallen flowers rate increases, and fruit color is also poor, and particularly purple kind is more obvious.
(3) moisture: belong to half wettability vegetables, property happiness moisture, not drought-resistant, but be afraid of flood, and along with the difference of vegetative stage also variant to the requirement of moisture.In earlier stage, water requirement is less in eggplant growth, and after yielding positive results, water requirement increases, and before and after eggplant results, water requirement is maximum, fully will meet moisture, otherwise can have a strong impact on yield and quality.
(4) soil nutrient: eggplant is to the wide adaptability of soil, and sandy and clay soil all can be cultivated, comparatively Salt And Alkali Tolerance.The vegetables that in solanaceous vegetables, fertilizer requirement is maximum.Resistance to fertilizer, based on nitrogenous fertilizer, nitrogenous fertilizer has close relationship to the formation of eggplant flower and output, and suitably coordinates using of phosphorus potash fertilizer.
At present, the cultivation of the eggplant of China is main mainly with the first planting, research is lacked for the field management after the first planting, this situation causes the first planting output of eggplant high, but regrowth hair output is unstable, in some situations, manage the standard that the eggplant quality not catching up with regrowth hair or three batches does not reach the first planting, therefore, the market price does not increase, and have impact on the economic benefit of vegetable grower.So plant administers and maintains, for ensureing that regrowth hair, three batches even eggplant yield of four batches and quality are significant after research first planting eggplant.
The present invention is exactly on the basis of the nursery and culture technique that have studied first planting eggplant, further innovation, in the pruning of the eggplant plant after the first planting is gathered and fertilising process, in good time utilization is antiviral, anti-infective, the special formulation agricultural chemicals of low-residual, coordinate the field management way of a whole set of science simultaneously, realize the voluminous high yield of eggplant, and ensure that the quality of many batches of eggplants does not reduce.
Summary of the invention
Many crop cultivation methods of eggplant, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) carry out excellent Eggplant Varieties nursery and cultivation at greenhouse by solar heat or beam-connected greenhouse, carry out first planting eggplant and gather; Planting time November last year mid or late Febuary field planting, gathered to June to seeding and seedling raising in December by April.
(2) first planting eggplant gather gather the full bearing period terminate after, fair weather is selected to wipe out side shoot or the mobile jib of result in time in late June, after pruning, wound is coated with pasty state agricultural chemicals cream, to protect from infection disease, then 1 rich water is imposed, 10 ~ 20 kilograms, urea is executed in every mu of punching, in conjunction with intertillage row replacement potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 20 ~ 50 kilograms, promotes that plant base portion indefinite bud is sprouted and grows new side shoot;
(3) as the long 5-10 centimetre of the side shoot that sprouting is new, 4 ~ 6 healthy and strong side shoot results of selecting and remain, and carry out foliar application, foliar application comprises: every mu of use 15 kilograms of clear water add 500 ~ 1050 grams of page fertilizer and spray, 7 ~ 10 days 1 time, connect spray 3 ~ 4 times, carry out the production of second batch of eggplant and gather;
After (4) second batches of eggplants are gathered and are terminated the full bearing period, side shoot or the mobile jib of result is wiped out in time in late September, after pruning, wound is coated with pasty state agricultural chemicals cream, to protect from infection disease, then 2 rich water are imposed, 10 ~ 40 kilograms, urea is executed in every mu of punching, in conjunction with intertillage row replacement potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 30 ~ 60 kilograms, promotes to grow new side shoot;
(5) as the long 5-10 centimetre of the side shoot that sprouting is new, to select and remain 3 ~ 5 healthy and strong side shoot results, and carry out foliar application, foliar application comprises: every mu of use 15 kilograms of clear water add 800-1200 gram of page fertilizer and spray, 6 ~ 9 days 1 time, connect spray 4 ~ 5 times, carry out the 3rd batch of eggplant January November to next year and gather and stop garden.
Described Eggplant Varieties is selected from one or more in purple dragon No. three, U.S.'s eggplant hat, new black coral, purple light great circle eggplant.The cultivation management method of described first planting eggplant comprises: few ventilation in 1 week after field planting, within 1 week, waters 1 water; After rice shoot restoration ecosystem, suitably aeration-cooling, after entering fruiting period, stronger ventilation amount, when most of door eggplant starts to expand, terminating restraining the growth of seedlings, executing a small amount of quick-acting chemical fertilizer in conjunction with watering fruit promoting water; Combined to water every 9-12 days afterwards and rush fertilising 1 time, every mu chases after 20 ~ 40 kilograms of nitrogenous fertilizer at every turn; Fruiting period sprays urea solution and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 600-1500 times.
Described agricultural chemicals paste composition comprises: agricultural streptomycin 10-50 gram, 75% tpn 10-30 gram, 20% viral A wetting powder 5-40 gram, proportionally get agricultural streptomycin, tpn and viral A wetting powder to amount to 100 grams of water adding 10-30ml and mix, make paste or pasty mixture ointment.Described viral its active ingredient of A wetting powder is moroxydine hydrochloride and Schweinfurt green, and proportioning is 1:1.
Described foliar application comprises: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 ~ 60 grams, 50 ~ 100 grams, urea and 50% carbendazim 10 ~ 50 grams.
The many crop cultivation methods of eggplant that the present invention adopts have following advantage:
1. substantially prolongs the plantation of eggplant and gather the cycle, on average exceeding 2-3 doubly than the output of traditional planting patterns, the mass ratio tradition planting patterns between each stubble will be stablized.
2. improve the resistance against diseases of eggplant, by the use of multiple special agricultural chemicals, effectively control the generation of damage by disease and insect, saved manpower and materials, improve economic benefit.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
In greenhouse by solar heat, carry out purple dragon No. three Eggplant Varieties nursery and cultivation, after field planting, few ventilation in 1 week, waters 1 water for 1 week; After rice shoot restoration ecosystem, suitably aeration-cooling, after entering fruiting period, stronger ventilation amount, when most of door eggplant starts to expand, terminating restraining the growth of seedlings, executing a small amount of quick-acting chemical fertilizer in conjunction with watering fruit promoting water; Combined to water every 9-12 days afterwards and rush fertilising 1 time, every mu chases after 20 ~ 40 kilograms of nitrogenous fertilizer at every turn; Fruiting period sprays urea solution and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 600-1500 times, carries out first planting eggplant and gathers; First planting eggplant gather gather the full bearing period terminate after, fair weather is selected to wipe out side shoot or the mobile jib of result in time, after pruning, wound is coated with agricultural chemicals cream, agricultural chemicals cream, by agricultural streptomycin 10-50 gram, 75% tpn 10-30 gram, 20% viral A wetting powder 5-40 gram, is proportionally got agricultural streptomycin, tpn and viral A wetting powder and is amounted to 100 grams of water adding 10-30ml and mix and make.Then 1 rich water is imposed, 20 kilograms, urea is executed in every mu of punching, in conjunction with intertillage row replacement potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, promote that plant base portion indefinite bud is sprouted and grow new side shoot, as the long 5-10 centimetre of the side shoot that sprouting is new, to select and remain 4 ~ 5 healthy and strong side shoot results, and carry out foliar application, foliar application comprises: every mu of use 15 kilograms of clear water add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 ~ 60 grams, 50 ~ 100 grams, urea, 50% carbendazim 15 ~ 50 grams spray, 10 days 1 time, connect spray 4 times, carry out the production of second batch of eggplant and gather; The production of the 3rd batch of eggplant is identical with recovery process with the production of second batch of eggplant.
Embodiment 2
The eggplant of beauty competition state eggplant hat kind, carries out excellent Eggplant Varieties nursery and cultivation at greenhouse by solar heat, and after field planting, few ventilation in 1 week, waters 1 water for 1 week; After rice shoot restoration ecosystem, suitably aeration-cooling, after entering fruiting period, stronger ventilation amount, when most of door eggplant starts to expand, terminating restraining the growth of seedlings, executing a small amount of quick-acting chemical fertilizer in conjunction with watering fruit promoting water; Combined to water every 10 days afterwards and rush fertilising 1 time, every mu chases after 30 kilograms of nitrogenous fertilizer at every turn; Fruiting period sprays urea solution and the potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution of 1500 times, carries out first planting eggplant and gathers; First planting eggplant gather gather the full bearing period terminate after, fair weather is selected to wipe out side shoot or the mobile jib of result in time, after pruning, wound is coated with agricultural chemicals cream, and agricultural chemicals cream is mixed by the water of agricultural streptomycin 10 grams, 75% tpn 10 grams, 20% viral A wetting powder 5 grams, 5ml and makes.Then 1 rich water is imposed, 10 kilograms, urea is executed in every mu of punching, in conjunction with intertillage row replacement potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, promote that plant base portion indefinite bud is sprouted and grow new side shoot, as the long 5-10 centimetre of the side shoot that sprouting is new, to select and remain 4 ~ 5 healthy and strong side shoot results, and carrying out foliar application, every mu of use 15 kilograms of clear water add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 ~ 60 grams, 50 ~ 100 grams, urea, 50% carbendazim 15 ~ 50 grams spray, 8 days 1 time, connect spray 4 times, carry out the production of second batch of eggplant and gather; The production of the 3rd batch of eggplant is identical with recovery process with the production of second batch of eggplant.
Embodiment 3
Carry out the Eggplant Varieties nursery of purple light great circle and cultivation at greenhouse by solar heat, carry out first planting eggplant and gather, first planting eggplant gather gather the full bearing period terminate after, fair weather is selected to wipe out side shoot or the mobile jib of result in time, after pruning, wound is coated with pasty state agricultural chemicals cream, agricultural chemicals cream comprises: agricultural streptomycin 1, 75% tpn and each 30 grams of 20% viral A wetting powder, corresponding site is smeared to after water furnishing pasty state, to protect from infection disease, then 1 rich water is imposed, fertilizer comprises: 20 kilograms, urea is executed in every mu of punching, in conjunction with intertillage row replacement potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, promote that plant base portion indefinite bud is sprouted and grow new side shoot, as the long 5-10 centimetre of the side shoot that sprouting is new, to select and remain 4 ~ 5 healthy and strong side shoot results, and carry out foliar application, foliar application comprises: every mu of use 15 kilograms of clear water add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 ~ 60 grams, 50 ~ 100 grams, urea, 50% carbendazim 15 ~ 50 grams sprays, 10 days 1 time, connect spray 4 times, carry out the production of second batch of eggplant and gather, the production of the 3rd batch of eggplant is identical with recovery process with the production of second batch of eggplant.
Embodiment 4
Carry out the nursery of black coral Eggplant Varieties and cultivation at greenhouse by solar heat, carry out first planting eggplant and gather, first planting eggplant gather gather the full bearing period terminate after, fair weather is selected to wipe out side shoot or the mobile jib of result in time, after pruning, wound is coated with pasty state agricultural chemicals cream, agricultural chemicals cream comprises: agricultural streptomycin 1, 75% tpn and each 30 grams of 20% viral A wetting powder, corresponding site is smeared to after water furnishing pasty state, to protect from infection disease, then 1 rich water is imposed, fertilizer comprises: 15 kilograms, urea is executed in every mu of punching, in conjunction with intertillage row replacement potassium sulfate compound fertilizer 50 kilograms, promote that plant base portion indefinite bud is sprouted and grow new side shoot, as the long 5-10 centimetre of the side shoot that sprouting is new, to select and remain 4 ~ 5 healthy and strong side shoot results, and carry out foliar application, foliar application comprises: every mu of use 15 kilograms of clear water add potassium dihydrogen phosphate 30 ~ 60 grams, 50 ~ 100 grams, urea, 50% carbendazim 15 ~ 50 grams sprays, 10 days 1 time, connect spray 4 times, carry out the production of second batch of eggplant and gather, the production of the 3rd batch of eggplant is identical with recovery process with the production of second batch of eggplant.
The table 1 embodiment 1-4 output table of comparisons
Kind |
First planting per mu yield |
Regrowth hair per mu yield |
Three batches of per mu yields |
Accumulative per mu yield |
Purple dragon No. three |
4500 kilograms |
4000 kilograms |
3500 kilograms |
12000 kilograms |
U.S.'s eggplant hat |
6500 kilograms |
5000 kilograms |
4000 kilograms |
15500 kilograms |
Purple light great circle eggplant |
5000 kilograms |
4000 kilograms |
3500 kilograms |
12500 kilograms |
New black coral |
5000 kilograms |
4000 kilograms |
3500 kilograms |
12500 kilograms |
It should be noted that, above display and describe general principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.