CN101194590B - Method for breeding premature flowering breed of white chrysanthemum for medical purpose - Google Patents
Method for breeding premature flowering breed of white chrysanthemum for medical purpose Download PDFInfo
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- CN101194590B CN101194590B CN2007101919668A CN200710191966A CN101194590B CN 101194590 B CN101194590 B CN 101194590B CN 2007101919668 A CN2007101919668 A CN 2007101919668A CN 200710191966 A CN200710191966 A CN 200710191966A CN 101194590 B CN101194590 B CN 101194590B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a seed selection method for a medicinal white chrysanthemum flower premature flowering breed, which belongs to the technical field of the plant breed seed selection. A potted plant of white chrysanthemum flower field main planting breed is arranged in a day light greenhouse to grow, and seeds are harvested in autumn, and seedlings are selected to breed. The seed selection method is used to breed single-plants which flower in advance in a single-plant style and reproduce through cottage. Combining with the specific comparison experiment and the manufacturing experiment, the novel breed of premature flowering number 1 which is flattening and spreading and green in blades, 172-412 in head-shaped inflorescence flower heads, 76-131 in tongue-shaped flower petals, white in color like a book, 1.3-1.8cm in tubular flower heart diameter, orange in color and dense in fragrance is achieved, and the total chromocor content of a chrysanthemum flower is 6.45%-6.70mg/g after being dried in a baking box, the content of chlorogenic acid is 0.28-0.32% (weight proportion), and volatile oil is taken in the color of yellow and the content is 0.15-0.35ml/100g.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the selection of premature flowering breed of white chrysanthemum for medical purpose, belong to plant variety breeding technique field, be exclusively used in the stable officinal white chrysantheman early blossoming new varieties of seed selection proterties.
Two, background technology
Chrysanthemum morifolium (Dendranthema morifolium) belongs to the composite family Chrysanthemum, is China's tradition conventional Chinese medicine material, is again one of important export medicinal material.Cold in nature, it is sweet, bitter to distinguish the flavor of, and has wind-dispelling heat-dissipating, flat liver effect such as make eye bright, and is used for anemopyretic cold, and it is dizzy to have a headache, red eye, swell pain, and eyes is dim-sighted.Up-to-date research also finds, medicinal chrysanthemum is the effect of anticancer, the anti AIDS virus of tool also.Along with the fast development of domestic and international medicine, Food ﹠ Drink processing industry, sharply increase as the chrysanthemum consumption of medicine-food two-purpose.The social demand amount is bigger, and annual domestic and international market amount is 6000～7000 tons, and wherein about 40% for export.Chrysanthemum is used as medicine has long history in China, and first pharmacology monograph Shennong's Herbal of China classified it as top grade.Li Shizhen (1518-1593 A.D.) has a high opinion of the chrysanthemum effect, " but the chrysanthemum vegetables, leaf can be sobbed, but the flower bait, but the real medicine of root, can the resting the head on of capsule, can the drinking of wine ", be top grade in the beautiful and fragrant flowers.Mainly contain compositions such as flavonoids, volatile oil, chlorogenic acid in the Chrysanthemum morifolium.Use modern biotechnology, can from Chrysanthemum morifolium, extract the compositions with medical value more.
The florescence of medicinal chrysanthemum focus mostly on late October to mid-November, in Jiangsu area plantation, subject to the harm of cold cream, the ligulate flower of chrysanthemum is reddened, shadow chrysanthemum commodity organoleptic quality.In chrysanthemum cooky airing process, often meet rainy weather simultaneously, easily cause going mouldy.Therefore, seed selection is flower variety early, not only can solve the market equilibrium supply problem, also can effectively improve the chrysanthemum quality.Medicinal chrysanthemum traditional category seed selection work mainly is that hereditary difference is little between kind to the selection of land for growing field crops vegetative propagation variation plant.For this reason, we have carried out medicinal chrysanthemum sexual reproduction technique research, find that medicinal FLOS CHRYSANTHEMI ALBA from Haizhou of China sexual progeny proterties separation is various, for good basis has been established in breed breeding work.
Three, summary of the invention
1, technical problem
The invention provides the selection of No. 1, a kind of officinal white chrysantheman early blossoming,, cultivate that proterties is stable, the premature flowering breed of white chrysanthemum for medical purpose of quality better to avoid or to alleviate the harm of cold cream.
2, technical scheme
The selection that No. 1, officinal white chrysantheman early blossoming provided by the present invention comprises:
1) seed collection and individual plant cultivation: experimental cultivar is a present land for growing field crops main breed red heart chrysanthemum, select potted plant 200 basins of the anosis plant of robust growth, place growth in the greenhouse by solar heat, spend the back to collect the tubular flower achene in losing, March in next year, unified being seeded in the greenhouse by solar heat for cultivated population, carried out conventional field management to F1;
2) early blossoming proterties individual plant screening: F1 for cultivated population in, the prematurity individual plant of blooming before October 20 in the place of production, Jiangsu is listed, the record beginning is spent the date, and the botany proterties (plant height of investigation early blossoming individual plant, the stem look, leaf, blade size and wrinkle degree, the leaf look, capitate fresh idea number and diameter, the ligulate flower number of plies, ligulate flower length and color, tubular flower diameter fickle in love and color, flowery odour), gather the capitulum of individual plant, carry out the composition flavonoids respectively, chlorogenic acid and volatile oil assay, select 4～5 layers of capitulum ligulate flowers, ligulate flower length 2.0～2.1cm, white, cane is hard, component content meets the early blossoming individual plant of pharmacopeia requirement in 2005.
3) the asexual strain of early blossoming individual plant system estimates and selects: to the above-mentioned early blossoming individual plant of picking out, the back selected plant root of reservation of picking flowers is survived the winter, selected each individual plant survived the winter behind the chrysanthemum seedling cuttage and seedling culture of growing on the root in 1 year, set up asexual strain nursery, observe whether genetic stability of early blossoming proterties, investigate the botany proterties of plant, and carry out composition measurement respectively, determine 4～5 layers of capitulum ligulate flowers, ligulate flower length 2.0～2.1cm, white, the asexual strain of the early blossoming system that cane is hard, component content meets pharmacopeia requirement in 2005.
4) the asexual strain of early blossoming system expands numerous and the screening in strong sprout: the asexual strain of the early blossoming of determining system is carried out the land for growing field crops expand numerous.Selection has plant height 53～70cm, the stem green, the leaf oval, pinniform is shallow to be split, long 5.2～the 7.0cm of blade, wide 3.8～5.5cm, open and flat, green, several 172～412 of capitulum fresh idea, diameter 5.6～7.0cm, several 76～131 of ligulate flower petal, the color raw white, tubular flower diameter 1.3～1.8cm fickle in love, orange colour, the plant cottage breeding that flowery odour is strong, in conjunction with flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and volatile oil carry out the individual plant assay, by dry chrysanthemum total flavone content is 6.45～6.70mg/g, the chlorogenic acid weight percentage is 0.28～0.32%, it is yellow that volatile oil is, content is the standard of 0.15～0.35ml among every 100g, obtains 100 of healthy and strong early blossoming individual plants;
5) uniformity and stability analysis: adopt the cottage propagation technology, carry out continuously cultivating in 2 years and select, up to described botany proterties and the stable appearance of effective ingredient index, uniformity reaches 90%;
6) variety comparative test and production test: after proterties is stable, carry out product ratio and the production test in 2 years continuously, acquired character is that the place of production, the Jiangsu early flowering season is before October 20, plant height 53～70cm, the stem green, the leaf oval, pinniform is shallow to be split, long 5.2～the 7.0cm of blade, wide 3.8～5.5cm, open and flat, green, 172～412 of cephaloid ordinal numbers, diameter 5.6～7.0cm, several 76～131 of ligulate flower, the color raw white, tubular flower diameter 1.3～1.8cm fickle in love, orange colour, flowery odour is strong, dry chrysanthemum total flavone content 6.45～6.70mg/g, chlorogenic acid content 0.28～0.32%, it is yellow that volatile oil is, content 0.15～0.35ml/100g chrysanthemum kind is named and is No. 1, early blossoming.
Beneficial effect premature flowering breed of white chrysanthemum for medical purpose selection provided by the invention compared with prior art has following advantage and good effect:
1. the seedling breeding combines with selecting breeding, offspring's vegetative propagation, and genetic stability is good.
2. morning, flower variety was because the harm of cold cream can be avoided or alleviate to advance flowering period about 15 days.Combine production with other kinds, can solve the contradiction of chrysanthemum collecting season labour anxiety.
3. chrysanthemum is adding man-hour, often meets rainy weather, and for preventing to go mouldy, the producer often adopts the method for sulfur fumigation, influences quality.Temperature was higher when early flower variety was gathered, and was easy to dry.
4. early flower variety not only can go on the market in advance, solves the market equilibrium supply problem, and benefit is also high.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is No. 1 breed breeding flow chart of early blossoming
Five, embodiment
Sheyang County, Jiangsu Province is one of main producing region of China's officinal white chrysantheman, and our unit carries out the improved seeds systematic breeding in the officinal white chrysantheman cultivated population of beginnings in 2000 in this area.
At first, select present shining sun land for growing field crops main breed red heart chrysanthemum,, select potted plant 200 basins of the anosis plant of robust growth, place growth in the greenhouse by solar heat, spend the back to collect the tubular flower achene in losing in Agricultural University Of Nanjing traditional Chinese medicine planting base.In March in next year, unified sowing for cultivated population, is carried out conventional field management to F1,
F1 for cultivated population in, the prematurity individual plant of blooming before October 20 in the place of production, Jiangsu is listed, the record beginning is spent the date, and the botany proterties (plant height of investigation early blossoming individual plant, the stem look, leaf, blade size and wrinkle degree, the leaf look, capitate fresh idea number and diameter, the ligulate flower number of plies, ligulate flower length and color, tubular flower diameter fickle in love and color, flowery odour), gather the capitulum of individual plant, carry out the composition flavonoids respectively, chlorogenic acid and volatile oil assay, select 4～5 layers of capitulum ligulate flowers, ligulate flower length 2.0～2.1cm, white, cane is hard, component content meets the early blossoming individual plant of pharmacopeia requirement in 2005.
To the above-mentioned early blossoming individual plant of picking out, the back selected plant root of reservation of picking flowers is survived the winter, selected each individual plant survived the winter behind the chrysanthemum seedling cuttage and seedling culture of growing on the root in 1 year, set up asexual strain nursery, observe whether genetic stability of early blossoming proterties, investigate the botany proterties of plant, and carry out composition flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and volatile oil assay respectively, determine 4～5 layers of capitulum ligulate flowers, ligulate flower length 2.0～2.1cm, white, the asexual strain of the early blossoming system that cane is hard, component content meets pharmacopeia requirement in 2005.
The asexual strain of the early blossoming of determining system is carried out the land for growing field crops to expand numerous.Selection has plant height 53～70cm, the stem green, the leaf oval, pinniform is shallow to be split, long 5.2～the 7.0cm of blade, wide 3.8～5.5cm, open and flat, green, several 172～412 of capitulum fresh idea, diameter 5.6～7.0cm, several 76～131 of ligulate flower petal, the color raw white, tubular flower diameter 1.3～1.8cm fickle in love, orange colour, the plant cottage breeding that flowery odour is strong, in conjunction with flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and volatile oil carry out the individual plant assay, by dry chrysanthemum total flavone content is 6.45～6.70mg/g, the chlorogenic acid weight percentage is 0.28～0.32%, it is yellow that volatile oil is, content is the standard of 0.15～0.35ml among every 100g, obtains 100 of healthy and strong early blossoming individual plants.Adopt the cottage propagation technology, carry out continuously cultivating in 2 years and select, up to described botany proterties and the stable appearance of effective ingredient index, uniformity reaches 90%;
After proterties is stable, carry out product ratio and the production test in 2 years continuously, acquired character is that the place of production, the Jiangsu early flowering season is present in October 20, plant height 53～70cm, the stem green, the leaf oval, pinniform is shallow to be split, the long 5.2～7.0cm of blade, wide 3.8～5.5cm, open and flat, green, 172～412 of cephaloid ordinal numbers, diameter 5.6～7.0cm, several 76～131 of ligulate flower, the color raw white, tubular flower diameter 1.3～1.8cm fickle in love, orange colour, flowery odour is strong, dry chrysanthemum total flavone content 6.45～6.70mg/g, chlorogenic acid content 0.28～0.32%, it is yellow that volatile oil is, content 0.15～0.35ml/100g chrysanthemum kind is named and is No. 1, early blossoming.
Compare (table 1, table 2) with existing cultivar red heart chrysanthemum, advance flowering period 15～20d, capitulum diameter are 1.15 times of red heart chrysanthemum, and ligule petal length is 1.21 times of red heart chrysanthemum, and lobe is wide to be 1.10 times of red heart chrysanthemum.
The different cultivated form main plant of table 1 Chrysanthemum morifolium proterties is (mean value) unit: cm relatively
| Variety type | Plant | Capitulum | Ligulate flower | Tubular flower | Blade | |||||||
| Plant height | Branch amount | The fresh idea number | Diameter | The lobe number | Lobe is long | Lobe is wide | Aspect ratio | Diameter fickle in love | Leaf is long | Leaf is wide | Aspect ratio | |
| No. 1, red heart chrysanthemum early blossoming | 69.32 60.6 | 20.15 15 8 | 174 275 | 5.29 5.06 | 71 84 | 1.672.02 | 0.560.61 | 2.98 3.35 | 133 1.31 | 7.13 6.43 | 4.37 4.48 | 1.66 144 |
The several sensory properties of the different cultivated forms of table 2 Chrysanthemum morifolium relatively
| Type | Leaf | Leaf margin | The crease blade degree | The leaf look | The petal color | Color fickle in love | The stem look | Flowery odour |
| The red heart chrysanthemum | Oval | Pinniform is shallow to be split | Flat | Green | Pure white | Orange colour | Lavender | Strong |
| No. 1, early blossoming | Oval | The same | Open and flat | Bottle green | Raw white | Orange colour | Green | Strong |
2005～2007 years 2 different officinal white chrysantheman cultivated form variety comparative test results (output) of table 3 fresh weight unit: ke/ mu
| Time | Cultivated form | District's group | Mean value | |||
| I | II | III | IV | |||
| 2005 | No. 1, red heart chrysanthemum early blossoming | 1360 1300 | 1133 1260 | 1300 1100 | 1420 1350 | 1306 1252 |
| 2006 | No. 1, red heart chrysanthemum early blossoming | 1350 1240 | 1010 1300 | 1250 1260 | 1350 1400 | 1240 1300 |
| 2007 | No. 1, red heart chrysanthemum early blossoming | 700 1100 | 900 1250 | 750 1200 | 610 1300 | 765 1213 |
Annotate: 4 are repeated to move four places, village in hundred herbal gardens, You Meng village, medicinal material village and the east of foreign Ma Zhen respectively and carry out.
The different cultivated form chlorogenic acid contents of table 4 Chrysanthemum morifolium are (%Dw) relatively
| Processing method | Cultivated form | Content |
| Oven drying | The red heart chrysanthemum | 0.31 |
| No. 1, early blossoming | 0.28 |
The different cultivated form general flavone contents of table 5 Chrysanthemum morifolium are (mg/g) relatively
| Processing method | Cultivated form | Content |
| Oven drying | The red heart chrysanthemum | 9.35 |
| No. 1, early blossoming | 6.45 |
The different cultivated form volatile oil contents of table 6 Chrysanthemum morifolium are (%V/DW) relatively
| Processing method | Cultivated form | Content | Color and luster |
| Oven drying | The red heart chrysanthemum | 0.22 | Yellowish green |
| No. 1, early blossoming | 0.31 | Yellow |
Claims (1)
1. the selection of a premature flowering breed of white chrysanthemum for medical purpose comprises:
1) seed collection and individual plant cultivation: experimental cultivar is a present land for growing field crops main breed red heart chrysanthemum, select potted plant 200 basins of the anosis plant of robust growth, place growth in the greenhouse by solar heat, spend the back to collect the tubular flower achene in losing, March in next year, unified being seeded in the greenhouse by solar heat for cultivated population, carried out conventional field management to F1;
2) early blossoming proterties individual plant screening: F1 for cultivated population in, the prematurity individual plant of blooming before October 20 in the place of production, Jiangsu is listed, the record beginning is spent the date, and the botany proterties plant height of investigation early blossoming individual plant, the stem look, leaf, blade size and wrinkle degree, the leaf look, capitate fresh idea number and diameter, the semifloscular number of plies, ligulate flower length and color, tubular flower diameter fickle in love and color, flowery odour, gather the capitulum of individual plant, carry out the composition flavonoids respectively, chlorogenic acid and volatile oil assay, select 4～5 layers of capitulum ligulate flowers, ligulate flower length 2.0～2.1cm, white, cane is hard, and the chlorogenic acid component content meets the early blossoming individual plant of pharmacopeia requirement in 2005;
3) the asexual strain of early blossoming individual plant system estimates and selects: to the above-mentioned early blossoming individual plant of picking out, the back selected plant root of reservation of picking flowers is survived the winter, selected each individual plant survived the winter behind the chrysanthemum seedling cuttage and seedling culture of growing on the root in 1 year, set up asexual strain nursery, observe whether genetic stability of early blossoming proterties, investigate the botany proterties of plant, and carry out effective constituent determination respectively, determine 4～5 layers of capitulum ligulate flowers, ligulate flower length 2.0～2.1cm, white, cane is hard, and component content meets the asexual strain of the early blossoming system of pharmacopeia requirement in 2005;
4) the asexual strain of early blossoming system expands numerous and the screening in strong sprout: the asexual strain of the early blossoming of determining system is carried out the land for growing field crops expand numerous, selection has plant height 53～70cm, the stem green, the leaf oval, pinniform is shallow to be split, long 5.2～the 7.0cm of blade, wide 3.8～5.5cm, open and flat, green, several 172～412 of capitulum fresh idea, diameter 5.6～7.0cm, several 76～131 of ligulate flower petal, the color raw white, tubular flower diameter 1.3～1.8cm fickle in love, orange colour, the plant cottage breeding that flowery odour is strong, the binding constituents flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and volatile oil carry out the individual plant assay, by dry chrysanthemum total flavone content is 6.45～6.70mg/g, the chlorogenic acid weight percentage is 0.28～0.32%, and it is yellow that volatile oil is, content is the Standard Selection of 0.15～0.35ml/100g, obtains 100 of healthy and strong early blossoming individual plants;
5) uniformity and stable seed selection: adopt the cottage propagation technology, carry out continuously cultivating in 2 years and select, up to described botany proterties and the stable appearance of effective ingredient index, uniformity reaches 90%;
6) variety comparative test and production test: after proterties is stable, carry out product ratio and the production test in 2 years continuously, acquired character is that the place of production, the Jiangsu early flowering season is before October 20, plant height 53～70cm, the stem green, the leaf oval, pinniform is shallow to be split, long 5.2～the 7.0cm of blade, wide 3.8～5.5cm, open and flat, green, 172～412 of cephaloid ordinal numbers, diameter 5.6～7.0cm, several 76～131 of ligulate flower, the color raw white, tubular flower diameter 1.3～1.8cm fickle in love, orange colour, flowery odour is strong, dry chrysanthemum total flavone content 6.45～6.70mg/g, chlorogenic acid content 0.28～0.32%, it is yellow that volatile oil is, content 0.15～0.35ml/100g chrysanthemum kind is named and is No. 1, early blossoming.
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Non-Patent Citations (6)
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| 何先元等.不同药用白菊花栽培品种田间试验研究.安徽农业大学学报32 3.2005,32(3),385-388. |
| 何先元等.不同药用白菊花栽培品种田间试验研究.安徽农业大学学报32 3.2005,32(3),385-388. * |
| 王康才等.杭白菊开花习性及花期调控研究.时珍国医国药9 4.1998,9(4),367-368. |
| 王康才等.杭白菊开花习性及花期调控研究.时珍国医国药9 4.1998,9(4),367-368. * |
| 盛蒂等.七种栽培类型菊花的植物学特征、产量及有效成分比较研究.中草药37 6.2006,37(6),914-917. |
| 盛蒂等.七种栽培类型菊花的植物学特征、产量及有效成分比较研究.中草药37 6.2006,37(6),914-917. * |
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