CN103782786A - Method for cultivating extremely early-maturing large grapes - Google Patents
Method for cultivating extremely early-maturing large grapes Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating extremely early-maturing large grapes. The method comprises the following steps that in November, new branches of muscat hamburg grapes and June purple grapes in the year are selected to be stored in sand; in spring next year, cutting seedlings of the muscat hamburg grapes and cutting seedlings of the June purple grapes are cultivated and obtained; the cutting seedlings of the muscat hamburg grapes and the cutting seedlings of the June purple grapes are planted, specifically, before planting, planting holes are dug, base fertilizer is applied and the holes are filled with soil and water and made to be solid and firm, and after planting, watering, tree disk shaping and mulching film covering are carried out, three buds are reserved on each exposed planted seedling to be cut, and the reserved buds are sleeved with bags; in the third year, pollination is carried out on the muscat hamburg grapes during the flowering phase, and pollen of the June purple grapes is brought to the stigmas of flowers of the muscat hamburg grapes; in August, hybrid seeds of the muscat hamburg grapes are collected and are stored in the sand in a stratification mode in the winter that year, the hybrid seeds are sown in the spring in the fourth year, and the hybrid seedlings are normally managed after seedling emerging; the grape seedlings of grapes which are large in fruit, aromatic in rose fragrance, even and bright in color and too early in maturing period are screened out, and the grapes are too early in maturing period, large in fruit, even and bright in color, aromatic in rose fragrance, superior in quality and are mature in the last 10 days of June.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of selection of grape, specifically, relate to the selection of the large grain of a kind of precocity grape, belong to grape variety breeding technique field.
Background technology
Due to extremely early mature grape fruit vegetative period, be difficult to cultivate the inside and outside quality excellent kind of holding concurrently.Existing kind, be not presentation quality poor be exactly that interior quality is low, Comprehensive Traits is undesirable, has a strong impact on its marketing quality and economic worth, inadaptable protection ground cultivation needs, and then hampers the fast development of extremely early mature grape.In addition, as June purple, the red pair of taste, fragrant, red, the extremely early mature such as Na, parts in Beijing opera spoken in Beijing dialect grape (fruit breeding time the be less than 115d) kind first early in pool early, still there is the shortcomings such as fruit grain is little and regularity is poor, color and luster is inhomogeneous, fragrance is light, commodity is low.At present, the good extremely early mature grape variety that really can form commodity economy output also relatively lacks, and cannot meet the needs that living standards of the people improve day by day.
Summary of the invention
The problem to be solved in the present invention is for above deficiency, the selection of the large grain of a kind of extremely early mature grape is provided, the method is larger with fruit grain, rose scent is strong but rose fragrant that the maturing stage is more late is maternal, with extremely early mature but fruit grain is less, fragrance lighter June is purple hybridizes for male parent, make extremely early mature, the genome of large grain and aromatic flavour is combined together, thereby generation superior progeny, solve the extremely early mature grape existing in China's grape industry as purple in June, red pair of taste, early pool is fragrant, early red, first fragrance such as Na phoenix-51 grade is light, fruit grain is little and irregular, the shortcomings such as commodity is low, the grape variety extremely early mature selecting by the method, fruit grain is large, the neat exterior quality of fruit ear fruit grain is good, thick flavor, storage tolerance, maturing stage is in late June, on the occasion of grape dull season, economic benefit is high.
For overcoming the above problems, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows: the selection of the large grain of a kind of extremely early mature grape, is characterized in that: described selection comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivate rose fragrant and June purple grape cuttage seeding: November, select rose fragrant and June purple grape current-year branch carry out the lamination processing of sand Tibetan;
Second Year starts to take to cut lopping section, root-inducing powder processing, cuttage, overlay film measure spring, cultivates, obtains purple cuttage seeding of rose fragrant and June;
(2) the purple cuttage seeding of rose fragrant and June of planting: the step of planting (1) gained rose fragrant and June purple cuttage seeding;
Rose fragrant and June purple allocation ratio be 5 ︰ 1, before cultivation, dig planting pit, basal dressing, it is heavy real that backfill is poured water;
After cultivation, water, whole tree dish, covering film, cultivate in outdoor nursery stock stays 3 bud montages, to stayed twig bagging, after germinateing, within one week, plucks bag;
(3) hybrid breeding: the 3rd year, pollinate at the muscat grape florescence, pale reddish brown June powder is taken on rose fragrant flower column cap;
Gather rose fragrant hybrid seed August, carry out then the lamination processing of the husky Tibetan of seed winter, sow hybrid seed the 4th year spring, normal management hybridization seedling after emerging;
(4) character screening: when fruit starts maturation, the proterties of seedling fruit is carried out to Observe and measure, filter out that fruit grain is large, rose scent is strong, evenly gorgeous, maturing stage utmost point grape seedling early of color and luster.
A kind of prioritization scheme, described selection is further comprising the steps of:
By grape seedling top grafting test, filter out to determine that fruit grain is large, the character inheritance stability of product extremely early mature grape of fine quality.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme, compared with prior art, has the following advantages: the grape variety extremely early mature, the fruit grain that select are large, and color and luster is evenly gorgeous, and rose scent is strong, best in quality.Late June maturation, the maturing stage, commodity value was large on the occasion of grape dull season, economic benefit is high, has made up the outstanding problems such as the kind existing in China's extremely early mature grape industry is single, fruit grain is little, fragrance is light, commodity is poor, has enriched extremely early mature grape market.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment
By test, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, this test is carried out in Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Weifang City of Shandong Province proving ground.Should be appreciated that preferred embodiment described herein, only for description and interpretation the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1, the selection of the large grain of a kind of extremely early mature grape, comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivate rose fragrant and June purple grape cuttage seeding: method adopt spring hard cuttage.
In 1-10 day November nineteen ninety-five, in kind garden, choose robust growth (more than branch thick 0.8cm), without damage by disease and insect, the full substantial annual shoot row culture cuttage branch of eye.Be cut into the long branch of 60cm by choosing branch, then select physical features higher, draining is good, and the lamination processing of the husky Tibetan of seed is carried out in the shade dry place, at 0-7.2
0lower 1400 hours of c condition, meets the chilling requirement of breaking branch dormancy.In early April, 1996, take out branch, the grains of sand are washed down with clean clear water, cut lopping section (upper end straight snips, lower end miter angle are tiltedly cut), the processing of use ABT root-inducing powder, cuttage, overlay film, reinforcement rich water quality management by every section of 2 buds, the measures such as prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time, cultivate healthy and strong nursery stock.Strengthen rich water quality management, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time.
Wherein, muscat grape is the improved seeds that quality is good, originates in Britain.Fruit ear taper shape, fruit grain raw medium closely, the heavy 6g of average particle, maximum can reach 8.6g, thick in pericarp, aubergine, pulp succulence, has strong rose scent, soluble solid content 18% left and right, containing acid 0.5% one 0.7%, quality is superior; ' purple in June ' is the bud mutation that Licheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province Zhou Jianzhong finds from early-ripening grape " Shandong is early red ".In Weifang Prefecture's early July maturation, from rudiment to fruit maturation 95 days; All median size of fruit ear fruit grain, the heavy 4g of average simple grain, fringe type is neatly compact, aubergine, complete ripeness atropurpureus, juice is many, sugar content 16%, sour and sweet palatability, quality is good.
(2) the purple cuttage seeding of rose fragrant and June of planting: spring in 1996 by rose fragrant and June purple cuttage seeding plant in test garden, the line-spacing of planting is 2m, spacing in the rows is 1m.Rose fragrant and June purple allocation ratio be 5 ︰ 1.Before cultivation, dig wide dark 80cm × 60cm planting pit, use sufficient base manure, backfill is poured water heavy real.After cultivation, water, whole tree dish, covering film, to improve ground temperature.Cultivate in outdoor nursery stock stays 3 bud montages, to stayed twig bagging, prevents the insects such as chafer, after germinateing, within one week, plucks bag.
(3) hybrid breeding: the muscat grape that step (2) obtains, after planting the 3rd year, the open calyptra (also having removed pollen sac in removing calyptra) that removes for first 2 days of bud in the first tenday period of a month in May, 1997, obtain best feeling ability for the further maturation of female part of flower, the fruit ear of emasculation, in the 3rd day, is pollinated on the 4th day.Pollen is collected in the blooming pollen of bouquet of purple kind fruit ear base portion in June, and pale reddish brown June powder is taken on rose fragrant flower column cap, plays the effect of cross pollination, the Cluster bagging after pollination.Then carry out the Routine Managements such as clay fertilizer water, pruning and diseases and pests controlling according to muscat grape growth regularity, after fruit full maturity, adopt lower hybridization fruit and be put in shady and cool dry place storage after-ripening, to taking out by the end of November seed, reject flat seed and rotten seed, rinse well and dry, then select physical features higher, draining is good, and the lamination processing of the husky Tibetan of seed is carried out in the shade dry place, finally selects physical features higher, draining is good, the lamination processing of the husky Tibetan of seed is carried out in the shade dry place: dig wide 50cm, the ditch of dark 80cm, the long 200cm of ditch.Bottom of trench first pads wet husky 5cm, and then, by seed and wet husky mixing, seed is about 1 ︰ 10 with wet husky ratio, on last seed, puts the wet sand that the about 10cm of one deck is thick, and earthing one-tenth mound shape above ground level, in order to draining.Spring in 1998, sowed by the hybrid seed after to lamination for Second Year, and hybridization seedling is cultivated in management routinely, and the 3rd year, carried out Routine Management to biennial seedling 1999 spring, within the 4th year 2000, continues Routine Management, and seedling starts result.
(4) character screening: when the fruit of above-mentioned steps (3) starts maturation, the economic characters of hybridizing the fruits/plant of growing directly from seeds (comprising fruit ear and fruit grain) are carried out to Observe and measure, and index comprises fructescence, fruit ear size, a fruit size, fruit ear shape, fruit particle shape shape, fruit grain degree of staining, soluble solid content, acid content, fruit texture.Eliminate evening in maturing stage (time from rudiment to fruit maturation exceedes 115 days), fruit grain little (simple grain is heavily less than 6g), shade deviation, poor quality, not storage tolerance seedling of fruit, within 2003, filter out early (time from rudiment to fruit maturation is less than 115 days), fruit grain large (simple grain is great in 6g) of maturing stage, beautiful in colour, product are of fine quality, the grape seedling of storage tolerance.
Height connects to be identified and the fine individual plant that above-mentioned steps (4) filtered out in test garden of varietal yield test: 2004-2009 carries out top grafting, adopt stem grafting method that the fine individual plant scion grafting filtering out is reached on stock to shellfish, analyze the stability of fine individual plant fruit properties.And breed part nursery stock by cuttage mode and carry out varietal yield test, after fruit result take June purple and early rose fragrant as contrast, the Economic Characters of Observe and measure new varieties and check variety, leading indicator comprises fructescence, fruit ear size, fruit grain size, fruit face colouring degree, fragrance, soluble solid content, acid content, fruit texture.The expert appraisal that Cultivars is organized by Technology Bureau of Weifang City in August, 2012, by Shandong Province's crop varietal approval committee, name as " summer purple " in December, 2012.
Result: " summer purple " key property selecting by the method be extremely early mature (being 108d from rudiment to fructescence), fruit grain large (the heavy 7.2g of average simple grain), thick flavor, color and luster evenly gorgeous, product are of fine quality, and (soluble solid content is 16.7%, total Soluble Sugar 14.8%, total acid 0.32), storage tolerance (stores under natural conditions 10 days, ripe hardness 7.3N, elasticity 0.6), late June maturation, the maturing stage, fruit price was high in grape dull season.Tree body Early fertile capability is good, and output is high, strong adaptability, and the fruit grain character inheritance stability large, product extremely early mature grape of fine quality filtering out is high.
Except as otherwise noted, the percentage adopting in the present invention is percetage by weight.
Finally it should be noted that: the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to previous embodiment, for a person skilled in the art, its technical scheme that still can record aforementioned each embodiment is modified, or part technical characterictic is wherein equal to replacement.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of doing, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a selection for the large grain of extremely early mature grape, is characterized in that: described selection comprises the following steps:
(1) cultivate rose fragrant and June purple grape cuttage seeding: November, select rose fragrant and June purple grape current-year branch carry out the lamination processing of sand Tibetan;
Second Year starts to take to cut lopping section, root-inducing powder processing, cuttage, overlay film measure spring, cultivates, obtains purple cuttage seeding of rose fragrant and June;
(2) the purple cuttage seeding of rose fragrant and June of planting: the step of planting (1) gained rose fragrant and June purple cuttage seeding;
Rose fragrant and June purple allocation ratio be 5 ︰ 1, before cultivation, dig planting pit, basal dressing, it is heavy real that backfill is poured water;
After cultivation, water, whole tree dish, covering film, cultivate in outdoor nursery stock stays 3 bud montages, to stayed twig bagging, after germinateing, within one week, plucks bag;
(3) hybrid breeding: the 3rd year, pollinate at the muscat grape florescence, pale reddish brown June powder is taken on rose fragrant flower column cap;
Gather rose fragrant hybrid seed August, carry out then the lamination processing of the husky Tibetan of seed winter, sow hybrid seed the 4th year spring, normal management hybridization seedling after emerging;
(4) character screening: when fruit starts maturation, filter out that fruit grain is large, rose scent is strong, evenly gorgeous, maturing stage utmost point grape seedling early of color and luster.
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| CN104351000A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-02-18 | 广西大学 | Culture method of pomelo hybrid |
| CN104521495A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-22 | 湖北民族学院 | Vine tea seedling raising method |
| CN104920004A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-09-23 | 天峨县平昌生态农业有限公司 | Novel fruit tree cultivation method |
| CN107926472A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-20 | 万颖 | A kind of implantation methods for increasing grape fruit-setting rate |
| CN109041836A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-21 | 紫云自治县紫香源农林科技有限责任公司 | Purple cloud level mountain purple grape seedling-raising technique |
| CN110402737A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-05 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of selection of cold-resistant, the grape rootstock of Saline alkali tolerance |
| CN111418487A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-07-17 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for identifying cold resistance of grapes based on frost climate chamber-greenhouse sand storage culture |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104351000A (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2015-02-18 | 广西大学 | Culture method of pomelo hybrid |
| CN104521495A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-22 | 湖北民族学院 | Vine tea seedling raising method |
| CN104521495B (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2017-03-22 | 来凤凤雅藤茶生物有限公司 | Vine tea seedling raising method |
| CN104920004A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-09-23 | 天峨县平昌生态农业有限公司 | Novel fruit tree cultivation method |
| CN104920004B (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2017-12-01 | 南京汉尔斯生物科技有限公司 | A kind of Novel fruit-tree cultural method |
| CN107926472A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-04-20 | 万颖 | A kind of implantation methods for increasing grape fruit-setting rate |
| CN109041836A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-21 | 紫云自治县紫香源农林科技有限责任公司 | Purple cloud level mountain purple grape seedling-raising technique |
| CN110402737A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-11-05 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of selection of cold-resistant, the grape rootstock of Saline alkali tolerance |
| CN111418487A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-07-17 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for identifying cold resistance of grapes based on frost climate chamber-greenhouse sand storage culture |
| CN111418487B (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2022-05-10 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | Method for identifying cold resistance of grapes based on frost climate chamber-greenhouse sand storage culture |
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