CN106034756A - Breeding method of mangifera indica mutants based on whole irradiation of grafted seedlings - Google Patents

Breeding method of mangifera indica mutants based on whole irradiation of grafted seedlings Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106034756A
CN106034756A CN201610400494.1A CN201610400494A CN106034756A CN 106034756 A CN106034756 A CN 106034756A CN 201610400494 A CN201610400494 A CN 201610400494A CN 106034756 A CN106034756 A CN 106034756A
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grafting
irradiation
mangifera indicae
fructus mangifera
breeding method
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CN106034756B (en
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柳觐
倪书邦
孔广红
李开雄
毛常丽
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Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops
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Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30—Grafting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/06—Processes for producing mutations, e.g. treatment with chemicals or with radiation

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to a breeding technique of agriculture and forestry industrial crops, and particularly relates to an induced-mutation breeding method for obtaining new mutant germplasm based on 60Co-gamma-ray irradiation for whole grafted seedlings of mangifera indica. The breeding method comprises the breeding steps of (1) collecting seeds of mellow mangifera indica, accelerating germination until plant height is 9-11cm, performing transplanting to a nutrition bag, and performing breeding as rootstock seedlings; (2) collecting branches of the mangifera indica of the selected variety and 0.5-1 aged old, and grafting the branched to the rootstock seedlings so as to obtain grafting seedlings; (3) performing grafting for about 1-3 weeks, and treating the grafted seedlings through 60Co-gamma-ray irradiation; and (4) screening out the grafted seedlings with obvious trait changes namely the new germplasm of the mangifera indica, performing field planting in land for growing field crops and preforming further breeding utilization. According to the breeding method disclosed by the invention, a great quantity of new good-quality germplasms of the mangifera indica, having individual gene variation and property mutation can be quickly and effectively created, besides, original heredity background and good properties are maintained, and the breeding method has positive significance in avoiding the present situation that excellent germplasm resources of the mangifera indica are in short, and improving the good variety breeding efficiency of the mangifera indica.

Description

Fructus Mangifera Indicae mutant breeding method based on grafting whole strain irradiation
Technical field
The invention belongs to the breeding technique of agricultural industrial crops, be specifically related to a kind of based on60Co-gamma-ray irradiation Fructus Mangifera Indicae is whole Strain grafting obtains the method for mutation breeding of mutant new germ plasm.
Technical background:
Fructus Mangifera Indicae (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the most most important Perenniporia martius fruit, is under the jurisdiction of Toxicodendron verniciflnum (Stokes) F. A. Barkley (Rhus verniciflua Stokes) Section (Anacardiaceae) Mangifera (Mangifera) aiphyllium, is distributed mainly on India, Indonesia, Malaysia half The country in Southeast Asia such as island, Thailand and Hainan of China, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Metabolic weight province, Fujian, because of before its thousands of years just Raised and train into fruit tree, and widely distributed in subtropical and tropical zones, cultivation history is long, fruit taste delicate flavour, profile be graceful, Nutritious, rich in multivitamin, fructose and protein, both can eat raw, it is possible to make fruit jam, preserved fruit, canned food etc. edible, really Real of a great variety, unique flavor, it is loved by the people, is referred to as " torrid zone fruit king ".
Initiative Fructus Mangifera Indicae new germ plasm and selection-breeding new varieties rely primarily on the mode of cross-breeding traditionally, but because mango is high Megaphanerophyte, on the one hand hybridization pollination is extremely inefficient, even if spending substantial amounts of manpower and materials to be often only capable of obtaining few in number Hybrid plant；On the other hand the virgin phase of Fructus Mangifera Indicae is longer, and hybrid seed at least needs more than 5 years from being seeded into results fruit, and one The acquisition of the new varieties of individual stabilization characteristics of genetics generally requires through too much generation screening, and therefore the cycle of one kind of selection-breeding at least needs Take twenty or thirty year.Utilize x ray irradiation x, make intracellular chromosome breakage, make its position, structure and gene molecule become Changing, this is a kind of means of agricultural breeding in recent years.As utilized60Co-gamma-ray irradiation is exactly the weight as mutagenesis crops breeding Wanting one of means, under suitable conditions, it has only causes on the basis of keeping original genetic background and merit Individual gene sudden change and the feature of character variation, and aberration rate is high, and mutational spectrum is wide, is to improve existing kind, initiative new germ plasm Effective way.But the parameters such as the radiographic source of irradiation and dosage, close rate, opportunity must be chosen properly, otherwise will produce The variation " degenerated " in a large number, and the phenomenon that the variation of " improving " should be few.
Have researcher at present to utilize60The seed of Co-gamma-ray irradiation fruit tree, pollen, scion etc. carry out mutagenic breeding, But above-mentioned material is respectively arranged with shortcoming: if utilizing seed to carry out x ray irradiation x to obtain mutagenic progeny, the character that its offspring occurs changes Cannot determine and be derived from mutagenic effect or heterotic effect；If utilizing pollen to carry out x ray irradiation x to obtain mutagenic progeny, because of flower After pruinescence irradiation, hybridization pollination setting percentage is extremely low, is difficult to obtain mutagenic progeny；If utilizing scion to carry out x ray irradiation x to obtain and lure Become offspring, because scion can not preserve for a long time, after irradiation, be difficult to grafting survival.But how to utilize60Co-gamma-ray irradiation Fructus Mangifera Indicae Whole strain grafting obtains the mutagenic progeny of high-quality, and this is a complexity and great engineering, and related art scheme is the most not yet Appear in the newspapers, be badly in need of research and development.
Summary of the invention
The problem that present invention mainly solves be to provide a kind of based on60Whole strain grafting obtains Co-gamma-ray irradiation Fructus Mangifera Indicae The method for mutation breeding of high-quality mutant new germ plasm, can fast and effeciently formulate out have in a large number individual gene variation and character dash forward The Fructus Mangifera Indicae new germ plasm become, keeps original genetic background and merit simultaneously.
For solving the above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention, used technical scheme is as follows:
1. gathering the seed of ripe Fructus Mangifera Indicae, in the nutrient bag transplanted during accelerating germination to 10 ± 1cm plant height, the substrate of loading is the raw-soil 90%, fertilizer 9%, compound fertilizer 1%, periodically carry out weeding, apply fertilizer, the routine such as water is managed and protected, and obtains rootstock seedling；
2. 0.5～1 age of collection selectes the manggo branch of kind, grafts on above-mentioned rootstock seedling, obtains grafting；
3. after grafting about 1～3 week, using dosage was 100Gy's～600Gy60Co-gamma-ray irradiation processes grafting, dosage Rate is 50Gy/ hour；
4. the grafting after irradiation continues to cultivate, and observation grafting survives situation, situation of sprouting, bud form, Leaf pattern, sees The grafting with obvious Character change measured is Fructus Mangifera Indicae new germ plasm, and it is carried out Field planting and further breeding profit With.
1. step gathers the seed of ripe Fructus Mangifera Indicae and selects between annual June to August, and seed uses husky bed accelerating germination.
A diameter of 0.5cm～2.5cm of manggo branch that step is 2. used.
The grafting of step 3. irradiation is scion bud a length of more than the 2mm of point.
Transplanting nutrient bag specification used is 35cm × 40cm.
The raw-soil in nutrient bag needs fine ground to be below 0.5cm to diameter of soil pellet and be laid on concrete floor before pack It is exposed to the sun 2 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) creating the new approaches of a kind of Fructus Mangifera Indicae mutagenic breeding, Fructus Mangifera Indicae grafting is quilt under particular technology parameter60Co-gamma-rays Survival rate after irradiation is high, and is prone to compare with the character of same varietal check plant, and mutant once occurs, holds the most very much Easily it is found and identifies；
The mutation frequency of plant genome DNA with60The Rational Dosage of Co-gamma-ray irradiation is correlated with, Fructus Mangifera Indicae grafting pair60The toleration of Co-gamma-ray irradiation is preferable, is 100Gy-600Gy's through dosage60Co-gamma-ray irradiation rear section plant is still Survival, therefore genomic DNA occurs that the frequency that high-quality is suddenlyd change is higher；
(3) the grafting that mutant materials is the scion bud a length of 2mm of point that this method is selected, its adventitious bud is in fast-growth With differentiation period, hereditary material is in active duplicate stage of transcribing, warp60After Co-gamma-ray irradiation, mutant new germ plasm goes out Existing probability is bigger.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1: select high-quality, precocious Fructus Mangifera Indicae strain SHDL to carry out mutant as mutant materials by technique scheme New germ plasm is formulated.
1, gather the mature seed of Fructus Mangifera Indicae strain SHDL in July, 2015, be placed in the husky bed accelerating germination after carbendazim sterilizing, every day Sprinkle water 2 times and moisten with the husky bed of holding, transplant when seedling length to plant height 10cm to the nutrient bag of 35cm × 40cm, nutrient bag base Matter is 90% raw-soil+9% fertilizer+1% compound fertilizer, the raw-soil in nutrient bag need before pack fine ground to diameter of soil pellet be Below 0.5cm and being exposed to the sun 2 days, periodically the Fructus Mangifera Indicae Seedling in nutrient bag is carried out weeding, apply fertilizer, the routine such as water is managed and protected, and obtains awns Really rootstock seedling.
2, the 0.5～1 of upper a diameter of about the 1cm of precocious Fructus Mangifera Indicae strain SHDL normal outcome tree is gathered in mid-March, 2016 Age manggo branch, grafts on above-mentioned rootstock seedling, obtains SHDL grafting.
3, full 2 weeks of grafting, the scion bud point length that major part has survived is all reached for employing dosage during more than 2mm and is 100Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy, 400Gy, 500Gy, 600Gy's60Co-gamma-ray irradiation processes, and close rate is 50Gy/ hour.
4, grafting after irradiation continues to cultivate, and observation grafting survives situation, situation of sprouting, bud form, leaf States etc., are investigated by the survival rate of the seedling after irradiation and determine60Co-gamma-rays strain whole to Fructus Mangifera Indicae strain SHDL grafting lethal Dosage and half lethal dose, observe radiation treatment has bright in leaf blade size, leaf, young leaves leaf color, bud point character etc. The grafting of aobvious change the most just elects Fructus Mangifera Indicae new germ plasm as, it is carried out Field planting and observes utilization further.
Embodiment 2: select Fructus Mangifera Indicae high-yielding strain SNM to carry out whole strain irradiation mutagenesis as mutant materials by technique scheme Breeding.
1, gather the mature seed of Fructus Mangifera Indicae strain SNM in June, 2015, be placed in the husky bed accelerating germination after carbendazim sterilizing, every day Sprinkle water 2 times and moisten with the husky bed of holding, transplant when seedling length to plant height 10cm to the nutrient bag of 35cm × 40cm, nutrient bag base Matter is 90% raw-soil+9% fertilizer+1% compound fertilizer, the raw-soil in nutrient bag need before pack fine ground to diameter of soil pellet be Below 0.5cm and being exposed to the sun 2 days, periodically the Fructus Mangifera Indicae Seedling in nutrient bag is carried out weeding, apply fertilizer, the routine such as water is managed and protected, and obtains awns Really rootstock seedling.
2, in early March, 2016 gathers Fructus Mangifera Indicae high-yielding strain SNM normal outcome tree upper a diameter of 0.5～about 1.5cm 0.5～1 age manggo branch, grafts on above-mentioned rootstock seedling, obtains SNM grafting.
3, full 1.5 weeks of grafting, the scion bud point length that major part has survived is all reached for employing dosage during more than 2mm and is 150Gy, 300Gy, 450Gy, 600Gy's60Co-gamma-ray irradiation processes, and close rate is 50Gy/ hour.
4, grafting after irradiation continues to cultivate, and observation grafting survives situation, situation of sprouting, bud form, leaf States etc., are investigated by the survival rate of the seedling after irradiation and determine60Co-gamma-rays strain whole to Fructus Mangifera Indicae strain SNM grafting lethal Dosage and half lethal dose, the most just elect Fructus Mangifera Indicae new germ plasm as to the grafting with obvious Character change filtered out, enter it Row Field planting also observes utilization further.
Embodiment 3: select special Fructus Mangifera Indicae strain SJM to carry out based on whole strain irradiation as mutant materials by technique scheme Mutant new germ plasm initiative.
1, gather the mature seed of Fructus Mangifera Indicae strain SJM in August, 2015, be placed in the husky bed accelerating germination after carbendazim sterilizing, every day Sprinkle water 2 times and moisten with the husky bed of holding, transplant when seedling length to plant height 10cm to the nutrient bag of 35cm × 40cm, nutrient bag base Matter is 90% raw-soil+9% fertilizer+1% compound fertilizer, the raw-soil in nutrient bag need before pack fine ground to diameter of soil pellet be Below 0.5cm and being exposed to the sun 2 days, periodically the Fructus Mangifera Indicae Seedling in nutrient bag is carried out weeding, apply fertilizer, the routine such as water is managed and protected, and obtains awns Really rootstock seedling.
2,1 age of special Fructus Mangifera Indicae strain SJM normal outcome tree upper a diameter of 1～about 2cm is gathered in mid-March, 2016 Manggo branch, grafts on above-mentioned rootstock seedling, obtains SJM grafting.
3, full 3 weeks of grafting, the scion bud point length that 70% has survived is all reached for employing dosage during more than 2mm and is 150Gy, 300Gy, 450Gy, 600Gy's60Co-gamma-ray irradiation processes, and close rate is 50Gy/ hour.
4, grafting after irradiation continues to cultivate, and observation grafting survives situation, situation of sprouting, bud form, leaf States etc., are investigated by the survival rate of the seedling after irradiation and determine60Co-gamma-rays strain whole to Fructus Mangifera Indicae strain SJM grafting lethal Dosage and half lethal dose, have the grafting of significant change i.e. to character such as the leaf blade size observed, leaf, young leaves leaf colors It is defined as Fructus Mangifera Indicae new germ plasm, it is carried out Field planting breeding utilization.

Claims (6)

1. a Fructus Mangifera Indicae mutant breeding method based on grafting whole strain irradiation, it is characterised in that:
1. gathering the seed of ripe Fructus Mangifera Indicae, in the nutrient bag transplanted during accelerating germination to 10 ± 1cm plant height, the substrate of loading is the raw-soil 90%, fertilizer 9%, compound fertilizer 1%, periodically carry out weeding, apply fertilizer, the routine such as water is managed and protected, and obtains rootstock seedling；
2. 0.5～1 age of collection selectes the manggo branch of kind, grafts on above-mentioned rootstock seedling, obtains grafting；
3. after grafting about 1～3 week, using dosage was 100Gy's～600Gy60Co-gamma-ray irradiation processes grafting, dosage Rate is 50Gy/ hour；
4. the grafting after irradiation continues to cultivate, and observation grafting survives situation, situation of sprouting, bud form, Leaf pattern, sees The grafting with obvious Character change measured is Fructus Mangifera Indicae new germ plasm, and it is carried out Field planting and further breeding profit With.
2. the Fructus Mangifera Indicae mutant breeding method based on grafting whole strain irradiation as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 1. the seed gathering ripe Fructus Mangifera Indicae selected between annual June to August, and seed uses husky bed accelerating germination.
3. the Fructus Mangifera Indicae mutant breeding method based on grafting whole strain irradiation as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 2. a diameter of 0.5cm～2.5cm of manggo branch used.
4. the Fructus Mangifera Indicae mutant breeding method based on grafting whole strain irradiation as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: step 3. the grafting of irradiation is scion bud a length of more than the 2mm of point.
5. the Fructus Mangifera Indicae mutant breeding method based on grafting whole strain irradiation as described in claim 2,3 or 4, its feature exists In: transplanting nutrient bag specification used is 35cm × 40cm.
6. the Fructus Mangifera Indicae mutant breeding method based on grafting whole strain irradiation as described in claim 5, it is characterised in that: nutrition The raw-soil in Dai needs fine ground to be below 0.5cm to diameter of soil pellet and be laid on concrete floor and be exposed to the sun 2 days before pack.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108782068A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-11-13 田东县文设芒果专业合作社 A kind of high-yield disease resisting implantation methods of mango
CN114303826A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-12 山东省种子有限公司 Method for improving survival rate of grafted seedlings based on cold plasma treatment and application of method in bitter gourd planting
CN116171854A (en) * 2023-02-13 2023-05-30 云南省热带作物科学研究所 Mango new germplasm creating method for simultaneously mutagenizing male and female gametes

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101699970A (en) * 2009-11-17 2010-05-05 广州甘蔗糖业研究所 Method for shortening the production period of mango
CN102246692A (en) * 2011-04-27 2011-11-23 山东省花生研究所 Method for creating new peanut specie
CN102907316A (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-02-06 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Method for efficiently inducing wheat-wheatgrass non-homologous chromosomes to translocate
CN103348911A (en) * 2013-07-04 2013-10-16 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 Artificial mango crossbreeding method
CN105063197A (en) * 2015-08-05 2015-11-18 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 Early identification method of plum radiation-induced mutative material

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101699970A (en) * 2009-11-17 2010-05-05 广州甘蔗糖业研究所 Method for shortening the production period of mango
CN102246692A (en) * 2011-04-27 2011-11-23 山东省花生研究所 Method for creating new peanut specie
CN102907316A (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-02-06 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 Method for efficiently inducing wheat-wheatgrass non-homologous chromosomes to translocate
CN103348911A (en) * 2013-07-04 2013-10-16 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 Artificial mango crossbreeding method
CN105063197A (en) * 2015-08-05 2015-11-18 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 Early identification method of plum radiation-induced mutative material

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108782068A (en) * 2018-07-27 2018-11-13 田东县文设芒果专业合作社 A kind of high-yield disease resisting implantation methods of mango
CN114303826A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-12 山东省种子有限公司 Method for improving survival rate of grafted seedlings based on cold plasma treatment and application of method in bitter gourd planting
CN116171854A (en) * 2023-02-13 2023-05-30 云南省热带作物科学研究所 Mango new germplasm creating method for simultaneously mutagenizing male and female gametes
CN116171854B (en) * 2023-02-13 2024-05-07 云南省热带作物科学研究所 Mango new germplasm creating method for simultaneously mutagenizing male and female gametes

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