CN103329662A - Sowing and seedling raising method for grape hybrid seeds - Google Patents
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- 235000012333 Vitis X labruscana Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 235000014787 Vitis vinifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 240000006365 Vitis vinifera Species 0.000 title claims 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 38
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- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 240000000560 Citrus x paradisi Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000010721 Vigna radiata var radiata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 230000004345 fruit ripening Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel sowing and seedling raising method for grape hybrid seeds. The seeds are sown into a substrate module via a simple sprouting method, and the temperature and humidity conditions needed at seeds sprouting and seedling growth stages are controlled reasonably in combination with micro spray irrigation. Due to the adoption of the sowing and seedling raising method for grape hybrid seeds provided by the invention, the germination rate and seedling rate of the grade hybrid seeds are increased greatly. As proved by test and statistics of 3-5 years, the average germination rates of various grape hybrid seeds are over 80 percent, the survival rate of seedlings is over 70 percent before outplanting, and the requirement of seed selection of new varieties of grapes can be fully met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding field, specifically, relate to sowing and the seedling-cultivating method of grape hybrid seed.
Background technology
Crossbreeding is the main path of new grape variety seed selection, and the cultivation efficient of hybrid seedling directly influences breeding efficiency.Because the kind skin depth of grape seed is relatively stricter to humidity and gas permeability requirements during germination, the seed sprouting difficulty.
At present, about the research of the sowing of grape hybrid seed and seedling-cultivating method aspect or report less.For example, Hao Yan " hybridization of different grapes and true seed vernalization rate are relatively " (Hao Yan. different grapes hybridization and true seed vernalization rate are relatively. China and foreign countries' grape and wine, 2004 (4): the germination accelerating method that discloses a kind of grape hybrid seed 43-44): the seed of low temperature lamination is taken out afterwash, behind 0.1% disinfecting solution of potassium permanganate 3min, put into culture dish, cover wet filter paper on the seed, culture dish is put into 25 degrees centigrade illumination box vernalization, be seeded into the land for growing field crops after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.And for example, Chai Juhua " different grape variety true seed germination rates and planting percent relatively " (Chai Juhua. different grape variety true seed germination rates and planting percent comparison. forest fruit in Hebei science and technology, 2005 (4): disclose 366-368) seed of low temperature lamination taken out and be placed on the wet husky vernalization of going up of the bed of growing seedlings that is covered with heating wire after cleaning, wet husky thickness is 15cm, temperature remains on 25 ℃, is seeded into the land for growing field crops after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally.For another example, (Hao Yan such as Hao Yan, Wang Falin, Li Hongxu, Yang Rui, Zhang Yali, Lu Jiang. improve grape crossbreeding Study on Efficiency north gardening, 2007(7): 23-24) disclose a kind of method that improves grape crossbreeding efficient in 2007: with the seed of low temperature lamination running water soaked overnight, screen out shrivelled exalbuminose seed.2d takes out seed with 500 times of thiophanate methyl immersion treatment 5-10min, pulls out to be placed on the wet towel, and lid layer wet gauze on the seed is put room temperature vernalization, checks the humidity 1 time of seed and towel every day, and seed is sowed after ftractureing and showing money or valuables one carries unintentionally.Yet above-mentioned three kinds of methods all are vernalization in wet sand, have only after seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and could sow, if seed amount is various, need check the seed situation that shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally at any time, so process are more loaded down with trivial details.And, all be that seed directly is seeded in the land for growing field crops in the prior art, the bad assurance of the Temperature and Humidity Control in growth of seedling stage, and equipment and place all had certain requirement.All in all, germination rate and the planting percent of the grape hybrid seed of employing said method are unsatisfactory, are difficult to satisfy the requirement of new grape variety seed selection.
Summary of the invention
The sowing and the seedling-cultivating method that the purpose of this invention is to provide the grape hybrid seed of the complete process improvement of a cover.
In order to realize the object of the invention, the sowing of grape hybrid seed of the present invention and seedling-cultivating method, may further comprise the steps: the 1) grape fruit that obtains by cross method, make it fully ripe on the tree body, before pulp occur to rot, gather (generally can than the late 1-2 of adopting of normal mature month), place shady and cool dry place to preserve fruit, go into taking-up hybrid seed before the winter, rub with towel or tissue-wrapped seed, remove the residue on the surface of the seed and plant the wax coat that wraps up on the skin.2) earthing of seeds: with seed clean dry after, with the wet husky mixing of 4-5 times of volume, the humidity of sand is pinched with hand can be agglomerating, openhanded can scattering is advisable, and the wet sand that is mixed with seed is placed in the mesh bag (as nylon net bag), carries out lamination under 3-5 ℃.3) after presprouting of seeds: earthing of seeds 55-65 days (60 days), the seed of lamination is taken out, be tiled on the pallet after cleaning, cover absorbent cotton or the wet gauze that one deck suctions water at seed, seal pallet with preservative film then, place and carry out vernalization in the greenhouse by solar heat, temperature is between 20-25 ℃ in the maintenance greenhouse.4) sowing: plant skin 50% or more when ftractureing when the seed of vernalization has, begin sowing, the seed tip is put into the groove of matrix module down, cover the thick vermiculite of 0.5-1.0cm in the matrix module then, after planting with the carbendazim solution (water that adds 500-1000 times of weight in the powder of carbendazim of dilution, mixing is namely) irrigate, the cave dish that fills the matrix module is placed in the flat furrow of greenhouse by solar heat, the cave dish is put into 3 * 12 matrix, in matrix, place three mini sprinklers, one of them mini sprinkler is positioned at matrix central authorities, two other mini sprinkler vertically is respectively in the both sides of central mini sprinkler along matrix, and equidistantly put with matrix edge, not doing with the matrix module is that standard is sprayed water, and spray water 1-2 every day.5) grow seedlings: behind the seed sprouting, between 25-30 ℃, spray water 1-2 every day with greenhouse temperature control, and not dried with the matrix module is standard, in time weeds a garden between during development of the seedling, can transplant when waiting to grow 2-4 sheet true leaf.
Wherein, the main component of the matrix module of using in the step 4) is peat, the central authorities of described matrix module have the groove of a mung bean size to be used for holding seed, and each cave hole size of block size and cave dish is suitable, before the sowing, matrix module water or low concentration wide-spectrum bactericide were soaked 1-2 days, treat to put it into after module fully absorbs water in the dish of cave.
The present invention has the following advantages:
The present invention uses simple germination accelerating method, and seed is broadcast in the matrix module, waters in conjunction with little spray, rationally controls seed sprouting and required temperature and humidity conditions of growth of seedling stage.Through test and the statistics of 3-5, various grape hybrid combination seed germination rate are on average all more than 80%, and seedling goes out survival rate before the garden more than 70%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is in the embodiment of the invention 1 in the flat furrow in greenhouse by solar heat, and the cave dish is put into 3 * 12 matrix, the position of putting three mini sprinklers in matrix.
Embodiment
Following examples are used for explanation the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.If do not specialize the conventional means that used technological means is well known to those skilled in the art among the embodiment, the raw materials used commercial goods that is.
The matrix module of using in following examples is available from green (module is cuboid along former economic crops Technew SA available from Beijing, cross section is square, length of side 40mm, high 70mm), the cave dish is available from Wenan County, Hebei three and plastic products factory, and micro-nozzle is available from Beijing standing grain allusion quotation gardening development in science and technology Co., Ltd.
Sowing and the seedling-cultivating method of embodiment 1 grape hybrid seed
Present embodiment carries out in the greenhouse by solar heat of Inst. of Forestry ﹠ Fruit Tree, Beijing City Academy of Agricultural ﹠. Forestry and experimental field.
After waiting to hybridize the grape fruit maturation in September, 2010, make it continue ripe at the tree body, the hybrid seed of when pulp be about to rot, gathering, fruit is placed shady and cool dry place, strip seed December, rub with towel parcel seed, remove the residue on the seed and plant the wax coat that wraps up on the skin, thoroughly remove the residue of examining in the ditch with toothbrush and fine needle, rub with scale removal process in notice that will not plant skin staves, in order to avoid bacterium and fungi are infected the embryo of kind of intracutaneous from rent, reject flat seed and mashed seed.
Seed rinsed well dry, with the clean river sand mixing of seed and 4-5 times of volume, the humidity of river sand is pinched with hand can be agglomerating, openhanded can scattering is advisable, the wet sand that is mixed with seed is packed in the nylon net bag, place lamination under 3-5 ℃ the low temperature, notice checking that sand does wet situation and have or not the plague of rats.
March next year or earthing of seeds are after 60 days, the seed of lamination is taken out, be tiled in behind the wash clean on the pallet, allow seed not superpose as far as possible, cover the absorbent cotton of one deck suction on the seed, seal pallet with preservative film then, place and carry out vernalization in the greenhouse by solar heat, temperature is between 20-25 ℃ in the maintenance greenhouse.
The size of the matrix module that sowing is used just in time each the cave hole size with the cave dish is suitable, and the groove that the upper surface center position of module digs an about mung bean size is used for placing seed, and the main component of module is peat.Prior to seeding module was soaked 1-2 days with clear water or low concentration wide-spectrum bactericide soup, again module is put into the cave dish after requiring module fully to suction moisture.
Treat seed suction back kind skin cracking, when the seed of vernalization has when planting the skin cracking more than 50%, begin sowing, the seed tip is put into the groove of module down, cover the thick vermiculite of 0.5-1.0cm in module then, after planting irrigate with the carbendazim solution of 500-1000 times of liquid (that is, adding the solution that the water preparation of 500-1000 times of weight obtains in the carbendazol wettable powder of commercially available acquisition).Sow in greenhouse by solar heat and grow seedlings in April, 2011, adopt the cave dish in 50 caves, smoothly in the greenhouse go out a vacant lot, the cave dish of sowing is set, the long edge East and West direction of cave dish is put, minor face is put along the north-south, form 3 * 12 matrix, micro-nozzle is installed then, in the dish matrix of cave, place three mini sprinklers, one of them mini sprinkler is positioned at matrix central authorities, and two other mini sprinkler vertically is respectively in the both sides of central mini sprinkler along matrix, and equidistantly puts into as shown in Figure 1 position with matrix edge.
According to the humidity situation, spray water 1-2 every day, and each water spraying time is about 1-5min, and not dried with the matrix module is standard.Injection flow rate wants sufficient before sprouting.Sprout the later stage and seedling stage the water yield unsuitable excessive.In little seedling stage, main note controlling well humidity, require the matrix module can not overdrying, when being arranged, the space in time spray water or pour water obviously seeing between the dish of module and cave, and in time the space is filled with river sand, can not allow root system exposed outside, just can dry up otherwise seedling is very fast.Can transplant when treating seedling length to 2-4 sheet true leaf in the seedling stage as if discovery.Sowing number, germination rate and planting percent statistics see Table 1.
The sowing of table 1 grape hybrid seed number, germination rate and planting percent statistics
As known from Table 1, adopt sowing and the seedling-cultivating method of grape hybrid seed provided by the invention, improved germination rate and the planting percent of grape hybrid seed greatly.Test and statistics through 3-5, various grape hybrid combination seed germination rate are on average all in (germination rate of grape hybrid seed is about 50% or following in the prior art) more than 80%, seedling goes out survival rate before the garden more than 70%, can satisfy the requirement of new grape variety seed selection fully.
Though above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the sowing of grape hybrid seed and seedling-cultivating method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) gathering and preliminary treatment of seed: by the grape fruit of cross method acquisition, make it fully ripe on the tree body, before rotting appears in pulp, gather, place shady and cool dry place to preserve fruit, take out hybrid seed before going into the winter, rub with towel or tissue-wrapped seed, remove the residue on the surface of the seed and plant the wax coat that wraps up on the skin;
2) earthing of seeds: with seed clean dry after, with the wet husky mixing of 4-5 times of volume, the humidity of sand is pinched with hand can be agglomerating, openhanded can scattering is advisable, and the wet sand that is mixed with seed is placed in the mesh bag, carries out lamination under 3-5 ℃;
3) after presprouting of seeds: earthing of seeds 55-65 days, the seed taking-up with lamination is tiled on the pallet after cleaning, cover absorbent cotton or the wet gauze of one deck suction at seed, seal pallet with preservative film then, place and carry out vernalization in the greenhouse by solar heat, temperature is between 20-25 ℃ in the maintenance greenhouse;
4) sowing: plant skin 50% or more when ftractureing when the seed of vernalization has, begin sowing, the seed tip is put into the groove of matrix module down, cover the thick vermiculite of 0.5-1.0cm in the matrix module then, after planting the carbendazim solution with dilution irrigates, the cave dish that fills the matrix module is placed in the flat furrow of greenhouse by solar heat, the cave dish is put into 3 * 12 matrix, in matrix, place three mini sprinklers, one of them mini sprinkler is positioned at matrix central authorities, and two other mini sprinkler vertically is respectively in the both sides of central mini sprinkler along matrix, and equidistantly puts with matrix edge, not doing with the matrix module is that standard is sprayed water, and spray water 1-2 every day;
5) grow seedlings: behind the seed sprouting, between 25-30 ℃, spray water 1-2 every day with greenhouse temperature control, and not dried with the matrix module is standard, in time weeds a garden between during development of the seedling, can transplant when waiting to grow 2-4 sheet true leaf.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, treats in the step 3) that earthing of seeds carries out vernalization after 60 days.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the preparation method of the carbendazim solution that uses in the step 4) is: add the water of 500-1000 times of weight in the powder of carbendazim, mixing namely.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the main component of the matrix module of using in the step 4) is peat, and the central authorities of described matrix module have the groove of a mung bean size to be used for holding seed, and each cave hole size of block size and cave dish is suitable.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, before the sowing, matrix module water or low concentration wide-spectrum bactericide is soaked 1-2 days, treats to put it into after module fully absorbs water in the dish of cave.
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Cited By (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103782786A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-14 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | Method for cultivating extremely early-maturing large grapes |
| CN104996265A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-10-28 | 陆珍凤 | Grape cultivation method |
| CN105230436A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-13 | 全椒县荣昌葡萄种植专业合作社 | Artificial method for cultivating seedlings of grape seeds |
| CN105230435A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-13 | 全椒县荣昌葡萄种植专业合作社 | Method for planting grape |
| CN105230172A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-13 | 全椒县荣昌葡萄种植专业合作社 | Method for raising grape seedlings in matrix |
| CN105265277A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-01-27 | 芜湖格林美提子生态园有限公司 | Method for cultivating grapes |
| CN105709898A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-29 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Method for obtaining grape hybrid fruit seeds |
| CN105746224A (en) * | 2016-02-18 | 2016-07-13 | 山东省林木种质资源中心 | A kind of method for growing seedlings of Chinese catalpa seedlings in greenhouse |
| CN106069535A (en) * | 2016-07-03 | 2016-11-09 | 河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所 | A kind of method improving seed of Fructus Vitis viniferae planting percent |
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| CN109380054A (en) * | 2018-12-02 | 2019-02-26 | 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所 | A kind of new method of Hybrid Grape seed seedling-raising |
| CN113924919A (en) * | 2020-07-08 | 2022-01-14 | 曲水县才纳乡国家现代农业示范区管理委员会 | Method for domesticating and planting wine grapes in plateau area |
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| CN103782786B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2016-05-25 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | The selection of the large grain of a kind of extremely early mature grape |
| CN103782786A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-05-14 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | Method for cultivating extremely early-maturing large grapes |
| CN104996265A (en) * | 2015-07-30 | 2015-10-28 | 陆珍凤 | Grape cultivation method |
| CN105230436A (en) * | 2015-10-16 | 2016-01-13 | 全椒县荣昌葡萄种植专业合作社 | Artificial method for cultivating seedlings of grape seeds |
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