CN105145039A - Techniques for breeding mesembryanthemum crystallinum seeds and potting mesembryanthemum crystallinum on balcony - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides techniques for breeding mesembryanthemum crystallinum seeds and potting mesembryanthemum crystallinum on the balcony. The technique for breeding the mesembryanthemum crystallinum seeds comprises the following steps of (1) raising seedlings; (2) conducting transplanting; (3) conducting picking; and (4) picking seeds. The mesembryanthemum crystallinum seeds bred by the technique disclosed by the invention are high in germination rate and low in price, and can be conveniently potted on household balconies, so that people can pick up and eat green and fresh mesembryanthemum crystallinum at any time.

Description

Technology cut out by the chrysanthemum seed growing of ice leaf and balcony basin

Technical field

The present invention relates to novel vegetable production field, be specifically related to a kind of ice leaf chrysanthemum seed growing and balcony basin sanction technology.

Background technology

Ice leaf chrysanthemum, has another name called ice dish, wheatgrass, Aizoaceae [Classification system MesembryanthemumCrystallinum], original producton location in Europe, Africa, in recent years, agro-technician plants experimentally from external introduction in locality, due to climate reasons, domestic only have Yunnan to have planting base.Due to wheatgrass limits throughput, and movement requirement is high, can not have any extruding, otherwise will damage and deterioration, so bring a high price.Ice leaf chrysanthemum is rich in the high material of the functional such as amino acid, anti-acid material.Tart flavour in ice dish is the tart flavour of natural apple, and be rich in the mineral matters such as sodium, potassium, carotin, condense one of characteristic of cabbage, Chinese cabbage, lettuce etc., the green ecological vegetables of high nutritive value, be conducive to health, and mesophyll is soft, mouthfeel is good, has become the new lover on people's dining table, citizen can only taste in hotel's feast, and not yet there is local ice leaf chrysanthemum supply of producing in market.From the external ice leaf chrysanthemum seed introduced, not only price is high, and germination rate is lower, is generally 30-40%, and for this reason, scientific and technical personnel need experimental study cultivating seeds and corresponding cultivation techniques being carried out to system.

Summary of the invention

The object of this invention is to provide the chrysanthemum seed growing of ice leaf and balcony basin sanction technology, the ice leaf chrysanthemum kernel maturing of breeding is good, and germination rate is high, and price is low, facilitates citizen's basin on balcony of staying at home to cut out, citizen can be plucked at any time and eat green fresh ice leaf chrysanthemum.

The present invention is achieved in that the seed growing of ice leaf chrysanthemum, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

1) breeding base, is determined

Select fertile soil, draining is unobstructed, sunshine is sufficient facility plastic greenhouse as breeding base;

2) sow

Sow in early September by the end of August, by meticulous for soil in booth arrangement, diameter of soil pellet is less than 0.5cm, waters sufficient moisture content, keep soil from packing together before broadcasting, and sow after oozing under moisture content, every square metre of seeding quantity controls at 500 ~ 600, broadcasts rear plastic mulching and waits to emerge;

3) transplant

When seedling grows into 6 blades, transplant in booth, seeding row spacing is 30cmx40cm; Seedling of surviving the winter will prevent low temperature from attacking, when there's a sudden fall in temperature temperature of shed is at 10 DEG C, small arched shed or other lagging facility will be set up in booth, guarantee that in canopy, minimum temperature controls more than 5 DEG C, the coming year spring and summer alternately when, the temperature difference is large, and prevent high temperature Developing restraint or occur dead seedling of burning, temperature of shed is the highest no more than 35 DEG C;

4) seed collection

Mid-July is naturally all withered and yellow containing fruit ear plant, has been seed optimum period of gathering, cuts pluck plant fruit ear part loading bag with scissors, in bucket, be with water kneading in batches, at the bottom of allowing seed sink to barrel, drag for natant foreign material in bucket, cauline leaf residue is removed in drift repeatedly, sinks to and is seed at the bottom of basin; Ice leaf chrysanthemum seed is little, not enough three-coloured amaranth seed 1/2nd, and diameter is three hairlines; The seed of rinsing is dried in the air on blotting paper, dries collection.

Technology cut out by ice leaf chrysanthemum balcony basin, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

1), date of seeding, is determined

Sowing to be advisable spring and autumn, March in spring early and middle ten days, early September by the end of August in autumn, early spring, date of seeding, advanceed to early and middle ten days in February in green house or germinating box;

2) seed low temperature treatment

During planted in fall, if use the seed gathered in the crops then, deposit to more than one week, to guarantee that seed normally germinates in the cryogenic box that seed need be placed on 5 ~ 8 DEG C;

3) nursery: be divided into the bunch planting of basin alms bowl, mould dish nursery, culture dish and disseminate;

A basin alms bowl bunch planting or mould dish nursery

Preparation Nutrition Soil: take vegetable garden fine earth or land for growing field crops 10cm with endosexine fine earth, fine earth pH value is 7.5 ~ 8, the content of organic matter every kilogram more than 20 grams; By 7 ~ 8kg soil, 2 ~ 3kg matrix, 0.015 ~ 0.020kgN.P.K composite fertilizer mixes thoroughly; Load basin alms bowl or mould in disk hole, Nutrition Soil, from basin mouth 5cm, is moulded disk hole and is filled to strike off and be advisable;

Basin alms bowl and mould dish and select: basin alms bowl is selected except the hobby of grower in outward appearance, quality, moulding etc., will according to every basin plant number, determine basin alms bowl bore, when bore is below 20cm, the strain of every potted plant kind one, when bore is 20 ~ 25cm, every basin plants 3 strains by isosceles triangle, when bore is 30cm ~ 35cm, every basin dispersion plantation 5 strain; Moulding dish selects specification to be 28x55cm, often coils 72 holes;

Mould dish bunch planting: leveling seedbed, water sufficient moisture content, mould program request in disk hole, 2 ~ 3, every hole seed what fill Nutrition Soil, being arranged in seedbed in canopy by broadcasting the dish of moulding of planting, covering mulch film moisture-keeping and waiting to emerge;

Basin alms bowl is live: by the basin alms bowl of preparation soil, bunch planting after the thick damp fine earth of one deck 0.5cm is spread on top layer, 2 ~ 3, every cave seed, and heat and moisture preserving is waited to emerge;

B, culture dish nursery

Put into 1 ~ 2 blotting paper in culture dish, sprinkle sowing in culture dish after water suction by seed, keep blotting paper moistening, heat and moisture preserving is waited to emerge;

4) transplant

To moulding dish nursery, when seedling grows into blade 4 ~ 6 blades, balled transplanting is to basin alms bowl; The seedling that culture dish is educated, after seedling grows into 2 blades by bud transplantation of seedlings to basin alms bowl; Once water sufficient water after transplanting, regularly manage replenishing water and preserving moisture, high temperature-proof hinders seedling, shortens seedling-slowing stage;

5) pluck

In ice leaf chrysanthemum process of growth, Leaves on main stem leaf is tucked in and branch can be occurred, and when Thermo-Photo sensitive meets, the 4th leaf will occur in tucking in, and normal 8 ~ 10 leaves there will be branch, and one-level branch second branch can occur; Pluck ice leaf chrysanthemum to eat, cut with scissors and pluck, according to plant branch distribution, staying on second branch basis in principle, choosing is plucked one-level branch top cauline leaf and is eaten, and keeps plant branches and leaves to be evenly distributed, prevent excessive harvesting, impact growth and output; Middle and lower part Leaves on main stem, after branch blade reaches certain photosynthetic area, the not yet yellow of stem leaf, can cut pluck edible, meanwhile, solve middle and lower part ventilated, be conducive to healthy growth; On autumn basin be vegetative period early September to the coming year by the end of April, on spring basin be vegetative period February early and middle ten days to mid-May.

Described regular management is: ice leaf chrysanthemum is annual or biennial herb inhales salt plant, happiness light non-refractory, and root is comparatively thin, and less-developed, the Nutrition Soil prepared can meet growth needs, and the emphasis of management regulates temperature, light, water;

A day and night temperature in spring and autumn is conducive to greatly the growth of ice leaf chrysanthemum, and optimum temperature is 20 ~ 30 DEG C; When outdoor temperature is-5 ~-6 DEG C, balcony inside corridor or the booth temperature added in small arched shed is 5 ~ 8 DEG C of degree, and the growth of ice leaf chrysanthemum is unaffected;

B light application time length, comparatively large to ice leaf chrysanthemum growth effect, illumination is not enough, and blade is little, blade is thin, leaf look light, cane is soft, and growth rate is slow, and direct sunlight is no less than 4 ~ 5 hours; If inside corridor balcony sunlight is according to deficiency of time, need move to outdoor balcony increases the solar radiation time, and chance rain or low temperature should move balcony in corridor to, prevent injured;

The supply of c moisture content will be determined according to evaporation situation, and general requirement keeps soil moisture regime, prevents because moisturizing is excessive, holds one's breath and hinder root.

The ice leaf chrysanthemum kernel maturing that the present invention breeds is good, and germination rate is high, and price is low, facilitates citizen's basin on balcony of staying at home to cut out, citizen can be plucked at any time and eat green fresh ice leaf chrysanthemum.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is that ice leaf chrysanthemum planted by canopy;

Fig. 2 is that ice leaf chrysanthemum cut out by basin;

Fig. 3 is ice leaf chrysanthemum bud;

Fig. 4 is ice leaf chrysanthemum;

Fig. 5 is ice leaf chrysanthemum drawing of seeds.

Embodiment

The seed growing of ice leaf chrysanthemum, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

1), breeding base

Select fertile soil, draining is unobstructed, sunshine is sufficient facility plastic greenhouse as breeding base;

2) sow

Sow in early September by the end of August, by meticulous for soil in booth arrangement, diameter of soil pellet is less than 0.5cm, waters sufficient moisture content, keep soil from packing together before broadcasting, and sow after oozing under moisture content, every square metre of seeding quantity controls at 500 ~ 600, broadcasts rear plastic mulching and waits to emerge;

3) transplant

When seedling grows into 6 blades, transplant in booth, seeding row spacing is 30cmx40cm; Seedling of surviving the winter will prevent low temperature from attacking, when there's a sudden fall in temperature temperature of shed is at 10 DEG C, small arched shed or other lagging facility will be set up in booth, guarantee that in canopy, minimum temperature controls more than 5 DEG C, the coming year spring and summer alternately when, the temperature difference is large, and prevent high temperature Developing restraint or occur dead seedling of burning, temperature of shed is the highest no more than 35 DEG C;

4) seed collection

Mid-July is naturally all withered and yellow containing fruit ear plant, has been seed optimum period of gathering, cuts pluck plant fruit ear part loading bag with scissors, in bucket, be with water kneading in batches, at the bottom of allowing seed sink to barrel, drag for natant foreign material in bucket, cauline leaf residue is removed in drift repeatedly, sinks to and is seed at the bottom of basin; Ice leaf chrysanthemum seed is little, not enough three-coloured amaranth seed 1/2nd, and diameter is three hairlines; The seed of rinsing is dried in the air on blotting paper, dries collection.

Technology cut out by ice leaf chrysanthemum balcony basin, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

1), date of seeding, is determined

Sowing to be advisable spring and autumn, March in spring early and middle ten days, early September by the end of August in autumn, early spring, date of seeding, advanceed to early and middle ten days in February in green house or germinating box;

2) seed low temperature treatment

During planted in fall, if use the seed gathered in the crops then, deposit to more than one week, to guarantee that seed normally germinates in the cryogenic box that seed need be placed on 5 ~ 8 DEG C;

3) nursery: be divided into the bunch planting of basin alms bowl, mould dish nursery, culture dish and disseminate;

A basin alms bowl bunch planting or mould dish nursery

Preparation Nutrition Soil: take vegetable garden fine earth or land for growing field crops 10cm with endosexine fine earth, fine earth pH value is 7.5 ~ 8, the content of organic matter every kilogram more than 20 grams; By 7 ~ 8kg soil, 2 ~ 3kg matrix, 0.015 ~ 0.020kgN.P.K composite fertilizer mixes thoroughly; Load basin alms bowl or mould in disk hole, Nutrition Soil, from basin mouth 5cm, is moulded disk hole and is filled to strike off and be advisable;

Basin alms bowl and mould dish and select: basin alms bowl is selected except the hobby of grower in outward appearance, quality, moulding etc., will according to every basin plant number, determine basin alms bowl bore, when bore is below 20cm, the strain of every potted plant kind one, when bore is 20 ~ 25cm, every basin plants 3 strains by isosceles triangle, when bore is 30cm ~ 35cm, every basin dispersion plantation 5 strain; Moulding dish selects specification to be 28x55cm, often coils 72 holes;

Mould dish bunch planting: leveling seedbed, water sufficient moisture content, mould program request in disk hole, 2 ~ 3, every hole seed what fill Nutrition Soil, being arranged in seedbed in canopy by broadcasting the dish of moulding of planting, covering mulch film moisture-keeping and waiting to emerge;

Basin alms bowl is live: by the basin alms bowl of preparation soil, bunch planting after the thick damp fine earth of one deck 0.5cm is spread on top layer, 2 ~ 3, every cave seed, and heat and moisture preserving is waited to emerge;

B, culture dish nursery

Put into 1 ~ 2 blotting paper in culture dish, sprinkle sowing in culture dish after water suction by seed, keep blotting paper moistening, heat and moisture preserving is waited to emerge;

4) transplant

To moulding dish nursery, when seedling grows into blade 4 ~ 6 blades, balled transplanting is to basin alms bowl; The seedling that culture dish is educated, after seedling grows into 2 blades by bud transplantation of seedlings to basin alms bowl; Once water sufficient water after transplanting, regularly manage replenishing water and preserving moisture, high temperature-proof hinders seedling, shortens seedling-slowing stage;

5) pluck

In ice leaf chrysanthemum process of growth, Leaves on main stem leaf is tucked in and branch can be occurred, and when Thermo-Photo sensitive meets, the 4th leaf will occur in tucking in, and normal 8 ~ 10 leaves there will be branch, and one-level branch second branch can occur; Pluck ice leaf chrysanthemum to eat, cut with scissors and pluck, according to plant branch distribution, staying on second branch basis in principle, choosing is plucked one-level branch top cauline leaf and is eaten, and keeps plant branches and leaves to be evenly distributed, prevent excessive harvesting, impact growth and output; Middle and lower part Leaves on main stem, after branch blade reaches certain photosynthetic area, the not yet yellow of stem leaf, can cut pluck edible, meanwhile, solve middle and lower part ventilated, be conducive to healthy growth; On autumn basin be vegetative period early September to the coming year by the end of April, on spring basin be vegetative period February early and middle ten days to mid-May.

Described regular management is: ice leaf chrysanthemum is annual or biennial herb inhales salt plant, happiness light non-refractory, and root is comparatively thin, and less-developed, the Nutrition Soil prepared can meet growth needs, and the emphasis of management regulates temperature, light, water;

A day and night temperature in spring and autumn is conducive to greatly the growth of ice leaf chrysanthemum, and optimum temperature is 20 ~ 30 DEG C; When outdoor temperature is-5 ~-6 DEG C, balcony inside corridor or the booth temperature added in small arched shed is 5 ~ 8 DEG C of degree, and the growth of ice leaf chrysanthemum is unaffected;

B light application time length, comparatively large to ice leaf chrysanthemum growth effect, illumination is not enough, and blade is little, blade is thin, leaf look light, cane is soft, and growth rate is slow, and direct sunlight is no less than 4 ~ 5 hours; If inside corridor balcony sunlight is according to deficiency of time, need move to outdoor balcony increases the solar radiation time, and chance rain or low temperature should move balcony in corridor to, prevent injured;

The supply of c moisture content will be determined according to evaporation situation, and general requirement keeps soil moisture regime, prevents because moisturizing is excessive, holds one's breath and hinder root.

Ice leaf chrysanthemum optimum growth temperature is at 20 ~ 30 DEG C, the ice leaf chrysanthemum of planted in fall is long for vegetative growth phase, individual growth amount is large, bloom early, bud is many, productive phase, is long, and kernel maturing is good, and the percentage of seedgermination of breeding is more than 85%, ice leaf chrysanthemum cut out by balcony basin, citizen can be plucked at any time and eat green fresh ice leaf chrysanthemum.1), cold and dressed with sauce ice leaf chrysanthemum because ice leaf chrysanthemum is soft, mouthfeel is good, to eat raw, should keep ecosystem nutrition, main edible way is:, and the ice leaf chrysanthemum after being washed by clear water puts into basin, adds appropriate light soy sauce, sesame oil or Japanese dip, mixes i.e. edible thoroughly.2), salad ice leaf chrysanthemum, mix thoroughly with olive oil, mayonnaise, broken cashew nut.

Claims (3)

1. ice leaf chrysanthemum seed growing, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

1), breeding base

Select fertile soil, draining is unobstructed, sunshine is sufficient facility plastic greenhouse as breeding base;

2) sow

Sow in early September by the end of August, by meticulous for soil in booth arrangement, diameter of soil pellet is less than 0.5cm, waters sufficient moisture content, keep soil from packing together before broadcasting, and sow after oozing under moisture content, every square metre of seeding quantity controls at 500 ~ 600, broadcasts rear plastic mulching and waits to emerge;

Transplant

When seedling grows into 6 blades, transplant in booth, seeding row spacing is 30cmx40cm; Seedling of surviving the winter will prevent low temperature from attacking, when there's a sudden fall in temperature temperature of shed is at 10 DEG C, small arched shed or other lagging facility will be set up in booth, guarantee that in canopy, minimum temperature controls more than 5 DEG C, the coming year spring and summer alternately when, the temperature difference is large, and prevent high temperature Developing restraint or occur dead seedling of burning, temperature of shed is the highest no more than 35 DEG C;

4) seed collection

Mid-July is naturally all withered and yellow containing fruit ear plant, has been seed optimum period of gathering, cuts pluck plant fruit ear part loading bag with scissors, in bucket, be with water kneading in batches, at the bottom of allowing seed sink to barrel, drag for natant foreign material in bucket, cauline leaf residue is removed in drift repeatedly, sinks to and is seed at the bottom of basin; Ice leaf chrysanthemum seed is little, not enough three-coloured amaranth seed 1/2nd, and diameter is three hairlines; The seed of rinsing is dried in the air on blotting paper, dries collection.

2. technology cut out by ice leaf chrysanthemum balcony basin, it is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:

1), date of seeding, is determined

Sowing to be advisable spring and autumn, March in spring early and middle ten days, early September by the end of August in autumn, early spring, date of seeding, advanceed to early and middle ten days in February in green house or germinating box;

2) seed low temperature treatment

During planted in fall, if use the seed gathered in the crops then, deposit to more than one week, to guarantee that seed normally germinates in the cryogenic box that seed need be placed on 5 ~ 8 DEG C;

3) nursery: be divided into the bunch planting of basin alms bowl, mould dish nursery, culture dish and disseminate;

A basin alms bowl bunch planting or mould dish nursery

Preparation Nutrition Soil: take vegetable garden fine earth or land for growing field crops 10cm with endosexine fine earth, fine earth pH value is 7.5 ~ 8, the content of organic matter every kilogram more than 20 grams; By 7 ~ 8kg soil, 2 ~ 3kg matrix, 0.015 ~ 0.020kgN.P.K composite fertilizer mixes thoroughly; Load basin alms bowl or mould in disk hole, Nutrition Soil, from basin mouth 5cm, is moulded disk hole and is filled to strike off and be advisable;

Basin alms bowl and mould dish and select: basin alms bowl is selected except the hobby of grower in outward appearance, quality, moulding etc., will according to every basin plant number, determine basin alms bowl bore, when bore is below 20cm, the strain of every potted plant kind one, when bore is 20 ~ 25cm, every basin plants 3 strains by isosceles triangle, when bore is 30cm ~ 35cm, every basin dispersion plantation 5 strain; Moulding dish selects specification to be 28x55cm, often coils 72 holes;

Mould dish bunch planting: leveling seedbed, water sufficient moisture content, mould program request in disk hole, 2 ~ 3, every hole seed what fill Nutrition Soil, being arranged in seedbed in canopy by broadcasting the dish of moulding of planting, covering mulch film moisture-keeping and waiting to emerge;

Basin alms bowl is live: by the basin alms bowl of preparation soil, bunch planting after the thick damp fine earth of one deck 0.5cm is spread on top layer, 2 ~ 3, every cave seed, and heat and moisture preserving is waited to emerge;

B, culture dish nursery

Put into 1 ~ 2 blotting paper in culture dish, sprinkle sowing in culture dish after water suction by seed, keep blotting paper moistening, heat and moisture preserving is waited to emerge;

4) transplant

To moulding dish nursery, when seedling grows into blade 4 ~ 6 blades, balled transplanting is to basin alms bowl; The seedling that culture dish is educated, after seedling grows into 2 blades by bud transplantation of seedlings to basin alms bowl; Once water sufficient water after transplanting, regularly manage replenishing water and preserving moisture, high temperature-proof hinders seedling, shortens seedling-slowing stage;

5) pluck

In ice leaf chrysanthemum process of growth, Leaves on main stem leaf is tucked in and branch can be occurred, and when Thermo-Photo sensitive meets, the 4th leaf will occur in tucking in, and normal 8 ~ 10 leaves there will be branch, and one-level branch second branch can occur; Pluck ice leaf chrysanthemum to eat, cut with scissors and pluck, according to plant branch distribution, staying on second branch basis in principle, choosing is plucked one-level branch top cauline leaf and is eaten, and keeps plant branches and leaves to be evenly distributed, prevent excessive harvesting, impact growth and output; Middle and lower part Leaves on main stem, after branch blade reaches certain photosynthetic area, the not yet yellow of stem leaf, can cut pluck edible, meanwhile, solve middle and lower part ventilated, be conducive to healthy growth; On autumn basin be vegetative period early September to the coming year by the end of April, on spring basin be vegetative period February early and middle ten days to mid-May.

3. technology cut out by ice leaf chrysanthemum balcony basin according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: described regular management is: ice leaf chrysanthemum is annual or biennial herb inhales salt plant, happiness light non-refractory, root is thinner, less-developed, the Nutrition Soil prepared can meet growth needs, and the emphasis of management regulates temperature, light, water;

A day and night temperature in spring and autumn is conducive to greatly the growth of ice leaf chrysanthemum, and optimum temperature is 20 ~ 30 DEG C; When outdoor temperature is-5 ~-6 DEG C, balcony inside corridor or the booth temperature added in small arched shed is 5 ~ 8 DEG C of degree, and the growth of ice leaf chrysanthemum is unaffected;

B light application time length, comparatively large to ice leaf chrysanthemum growth effect, illumination is not enough, and blade is little, blade is thin, leaf look light, cane is soft, and growth rate is slow, and direct sunlight is no less than 4 ~ 5 hours; If inside corridor balcony sunlight is according to deficiency of time, need move to outdoor balcony increases the solar radiation time, and chance rain or low temperature should move balcony in corridor to, prevent injured;

The supply of c moisture content will be determined according to evaporation situation, and general requirement keeps soil moisture regime, prevents because moisturizing is excessive, holds one's breath and hinder root.