CN113412767B - Planting and fertilizing method for promoting yield increase of radix zanthoxyli - Google Patents

Planting and fertilizing method for promoting yield increase of radix zanthoxyli Download PDF

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CN113412767B
CN113412767B CN202110861345.6A CN202110861345A CN113412767B CN 113412767 B CN113412767 B CN 113412767B CN 202110861345 A CN202110861345 A CN 202110861345A CN 113412767 B CN113412767 B CN 113412767B
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radix zanthoxyli
planting
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fertilization
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CN113412767A (en
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李虹
蒋水元
黄夕洋
甘金佳
向巧彦
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Guangxi Institute of Botany of CAS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B1/00Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
    • C05B1/02Superphosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/40Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a formulated fertilization method for promoting yield increase of radix zanthoxyli, which comprises the following steps: 1) Seed selection; 2) Sowing and raising seedlings; 3) Planting in a field; 4) And (5) formula fertilization. The method is a planting method for promoting the yield increase of the radix zanthoxyli by utilizing fertilization, and the planting method is characterized by carrying out fertilization treatment by seed collection, seeding and seedling culture, field planting and utilizing organic fertilizer and formulated fertilizer. The biomass of each treatment group of the radix zanthoxyli is compared by observing and analyzing different fertilization modes, the influence of different fertilizer combinations on the yield of the radix zanthoxyli is explored, and the operation convenient for planting management of the radix zanthoxyli and the optimal test treatment combination for increasing the yield of the radix zanthoxyli are screened. By adopting the method, the biomass of the radix zanthoxyli can be effectively improved, and the problem of yield increase of the radix zanthoxyli in planting production is solved. Provides specific guiding direction and theoretical basis for the practical application of the radix zanthoxyli in artificial cultivation in future, and provides cultivation experience for the growth research of more traditional Chinese medicinal materials in future.

Description

Planting and fertilizing method for promoting yield increase of radix zanthoxyli
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting of radix zanthoxyli.
Background
The radix Zanthoxyli is dried root of radix Zanthoxyli of Rutaceae. The physiological characteristics of the artificial leather are wood vine, hooked skin thorns are planted below stems, branches and leaf shafts and on both sides of lobular midribs, single feather-shaped compound leaves are 7-15 cm long, lobules are 3-11, opposite, revolute, oval-egg-shaped oblong, fuzzless, slightly glossy, umbrella-shaped conical inflorescences, axillary, 4 flowers, sepal wide oval, mauve when the clerodents are ripe, coarse glandular points are formed at the top end, and short beak is formed at the top end.
The radix zanthoxyli can be planted intensively through the related technology, wherein fertilizer is one of important factors affecting the growth of radix zanthoxyli, scientific and reasonable fertilization can promote the normal growth and development of radix zanthoxyli plants, improve the biological yield, coordinate soil nutrients, timely supplement the nutrition requirements of plants, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are one of indispensable elements in plants, nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer are reasonably applied, the total biological quantity can be improved, the quality of crops can be improved, the main effect of the potassium fertilizer on the crops in agricultural production is balancing nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutritional elements, the formation of plant proteins and carbohydrates can be promoted, the function of plants is regulated to develop root systems, strong branches and leaves can improve the disease resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance and other capacities of the radix zanthoxyli, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are applied according to proper proportion, and the nutrition requirements are very important to the improvement of the yield of the unit area of the crops, but proper proportioning amount is difficult to be determined when the fertilizer is adopted for planting, and the social requirements are met, so that the method for promoting the radix zanthoxyli to promote the yield of the radix zanthoxyli is proposed to solve the problems mentioned in the yield increase.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fertilizing planting method for promoting the yield increase of radix zanthoxyli, aiming at the problems in the prior art, and improving the yield of the radix zanthoxyli in artificial planting production by observing and comparing the yield of radix zanthoxyli after fertilizing the radix zanthoxyli in different fertilizing modes, exploring the influence of different fertilizer combinations on the radix zanthoxyli and screening out the optimal test treatment combination for the yield increase of the radix zanthoxyli.
The invention solves the technical problems of a planting and fertilizing method for promoting the yield increase of radix zanthoxyli, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) Seed selection: the seed harvesting is the mature seed of perennial radix zanthoxyli plants;
2) Sowing and seedling raising: collecting relevant seeds, and sowing the seeds in a field for seedling culture, wherein:
s1, firstly, selecting a seedling bed land, and sterilizing by using carbendazim two days before sowing;
s2, pre-sowing watering is carried out on the seedling raising bed during sowing, post-sowing watering is avoided as much as possible, seeds are uniformly sown on the surface of the bed or the ridge according to the corresponding density, then soil is covered, and the humidity is kept;
3) And (3) field planting in a field: deeply turning field soil, digging a planting pit, fully and uniformly stirring base fertilizer and garden soil, returning soil to form a soil pile slightly higher than the furrow surface, selecting the plant of the radix zanthoxyli seedlings with consistent growth conditions for field planting, treating 20 plants each, and repeating 3 groups;
4) And (3) formula fertilization: the experimental design utilizes 6 treatments of the corresponding fertilizer design, and uses no fertilizer as a control, and the fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer for application once when planting radix zanthoxyli, and is applied once before new shoots are pulled out in spring and in the growth peak period in summer each year;
5) And 3) when the step 3) is adopted for fertilization, ditching and fertilization are adopted, the soil is put aside for standby when the root with larger damage is avoided during ditching, half of the soil is backfilled after fertilization in the ditches, then the soil is uniformly mixed with the fertilizer, the other soil is backfilled, and water is sprayed to avoid burning out root systems.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the invention can be improved as follows.
Further, the seedling bed land in the step S1) is a place which is leeward and positive, high in topography, good in drainage, close to a water source, rich in soil and convenient to manage.
Further, the broadcast density in the step S2) is 6.67m each 2 600-800 seeds are sown on the land, and the thickness of the covering soil is 2-3 times of the diameter of the seeds of the radix zanthoxyli.
Further, the thickness of deep turning in the step 3) is 0.3m, the row spacing of the planting pits is 0.6m×0.8m, and the pit length is 0.3m, the width is 0.3m, and the depth is 0.3m.
Further, the range of the plants with consistent growth conditions in the step 3) is the plant height: 18 cm-22 cm, ground diameter: 0.25 cm-0.4 cm.
Further, the fertilizer in the step 4) is pig manure, compound fertilizer, controlled release fertilizer and 3 self-prepared fertilizers, and the dosage of each group of fertilizers is N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 The total amount of O is calculated to be 25 kg/mu.
Further, N is P when the water content of the pig manure is 67% 2 O 5 :K 2 O, compound fertilizer is N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 The O and controlled release fertilizer is N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 The self-prepared fertilizer is calcium superphosphate, potassium oxide, sulfur and urea.
Further, the self-prepared fertilizer 1 is prepared from urea (0.2695 kg): superphosphate (0.521 kg): potassium oxide (0.125 kg) =2:1:1.
Further, the self-prepared fertilizer 2 is prepared from urea (0.1345 kg): superphosphate (0.521 kg): potassium oxide (0.125 kg) =1:2:1.
Further, the self-prepared fertilizer 3 is prepared from urea (0.1345 kg): superphosphate (0.521 kg): potassium oxide (0.25 kg) =1:1:2.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the application has the following effects:
the planting and fertilizing method for promoting the yield increase of the radix zanthoxyli can effectively improve the planting yield of the radix zanthoxyli by adopting schemes such as seed collection, seeding and seedling raising, field planting, proper formula fertilization and the like, is convenient for field fertilization, can effectively improve the planting yield efficiency after adopting the method, explores the influence of different fertilizer combinations on the radix zanthoxyli by observing and comparing the fertilization effect of different fertilization modes, screens out the optimal test treatment combination for the yield increase of the radix zanthoxyli after analysis and comparison, provides guiding direction and theoretical basis for the cultivation yield increase of the radix zanthoxyli in future, and also provides experience for the growth research of more traditional Chinese medicinal materials in future.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of biomass comparison of different fertilization treatments in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings, the examples being provided for illustration only and not for limitation of the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, a planting and fertilizing method for promoting yield increase of radix zanthoxyli in the embodiment comprises:
1 materials and methods
1.1 experimental materials:
experimental materials: the seed harvesting plants are perennial radix zanthoxyli planted in the planting test field of Guangxi plant institute of Guangxi Guilin, and mature seeds at the bottom of 11 months as a flowering result in the current year.
1.2 experimental method:
(1) Sowing and seedling raising: and sowing the collected seeds in the field for seedling raising at the beginning of 2 months in the second year.
1) Firstly, selecting a seedling bed land, and sterilizing the seedling bed land by using carbendazim two days before sowing, wherein the seedling bed land is selected at a place which is leeward and positive, has high topography, good drainage, is close to a water source, has rich soil and is convenient to manage.
2) Irrigation before sowing is carried out on the seedling bed during sowing, and each 6.67m of irrigation is carried out 2 Sowing seeds at the density of 600-800 grains, uniformly sowing the seeds on the ridge surface, and then covering soil with the thickness of 2-3 times of the diameter of the seeds of the radix zanthoxyli, wherein the soil humidity is required to be kept in daily management.
(2) Field planting: deep turning field soil for 30cm, digging planting pits at the beginning of 6 months according to row plant spacing of 0.6m by 0.8m, fully stirring base fertilizer and garden soil with pit length of 0.3m by 0.3m depth, returning soil to form soil piles slightly higher than the furrow surface, and selecting plants with consistent growth conditions: planting Zanthoxylum nitidum seedlings with the plant height of 18 cm-22 cm and the ground diameter of 0.25-0.4 cm, treating 20 plants each, and repeating 3 groups.
(3) And (3) formula fertilization: the experiment design utilizes pig manure, compound fertilizer, controlled release fertilizer and 3 self-prepared fertilizers to design 6 treatments, and uses no fertilizer as a control, and the dosage of each group of fertilizers is N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 The total amount of O is calculated to be 25 kg/mu, the fertilizer is applied once when planting radix zanthoxyli and is applied once before new shoots are pulled out each year and once in the 8 month growth peak period in summer, ditching and fertilization are adopted during fertilization, the larger tree roots are prevented from being damaged during ditching, half of the excavated soil is added after the ditching and fertilization, then the fertilizer and the soil are uniformly mixed, other soil is backfilled, and the root system is prevented from being burnt out by watering, and the experimental design and scheme are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 experimental design table:
Figure BDA0003185757870000041
Figure BDA0003185757870000051
note that: pig manure (Water content 67%, N: P) 2 O 5 :K 2 O content was 2.2%:4.0%:2.0 percent of compound fertilizer(N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=15:15:15), controlled release fertilizer (N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O=16:10:16), superphosphate (P 2 O 5 =12%), potassium oxide K 2 O>=50%, sulfur>=18%, urea (n=46.4%).
(4) Comprehensive yield measurement: under the same management condition, the radix zanthoxyli is subjected to 4 times of different fertilization, the yield is measured at the end of 12 months in the second year after field planting, and the best fertilization mode of the radix zanthoxyli is summarized through data arrangement and analysis of the influence of different fertilizers on the growth and development of the radix zanthoxyli.
2 results and analysis
2.1 data statistics of the fertilization experiments with radix zanthoxyli:
the biomass of the radix zanthoxyli of each treatment group was counted by measuring the yield after planting the radix zanthoxyli at the end of 12 months in the next year through the management of cultivation fertilization in the next two years (see table 2), and the influence of the different fertilizers on the radix zanthoxyli can be seen from the table.
Table 2 table for measuring yield of field planting in the second year
Figure BDA0003185757870000052
Figure BDA0003185757870000061
2.2 analysis of the fertilization experiments with two-sided needles:
the results show that: from FIG. 1, it can be seen that self-prepared fertilizer 2 (N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O) is: the growth vigor of the needle of the 5 th treatment group is best, the ground diameter, root length and branch number are the greatest, the fresh weights of the root, stem, leaf and whole plant are the heaviest, the plant height and root number values are higher, the yield of a single plant reaches 3738.4g, the fresh weight of the root 4817 g is 6 groups which are more than 3 groups which are more than 2 groups which are more than 4 groups which are more than 1 group which are more than ck, and the yield of each fertilization group is higher than that of a control group.
2.3 discussion:
the experiment shows that the fertilizer is one of important factors affecting the growth and development of radix zanthoxyli, the scientific and reasonable fertilizer can promote the normal growth and development of radix zanthoxyli plants, improve the biological yield, coordinate soil nutrients, timely supplement the nutrition requirements of the plants, wherein nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are one of indispensable elements in the plants, the total biological quantity can be improved and the quality of crops can be improved by reasonably applying the nitrogen fertilizer and the phosphorus fertilizer, the main effect of the potassium fertilizer on the crops in agricultural production is balancing nitrogen, phosphorus and other nutrition elements, the formation of plant proteins and carbohydrates can be promoted, the functional effect of the plants can be regulated to achieve the purposes of developing root systems, strengthening branches and leaves, improving the capabilities of disease resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance and the like, and the application of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer according to proper proportion has very important significance for improving the yield of the unit area of the crops.
The growth of the radix zanthoxyli is retarded in winter, the radix zanthoxyli grows vigorously in spring to autumn, the nutrition requirement is more, the radix zanthoxyli is selected to fertilize in spring and autumn with vigorous growth according to the fertilizer requirement rule of planting and growth of the radix zanthoxyli, and experiments show that the self-prepared fertilizer 2 applied once before the new tip in spring and the growth peak period of 8 months in summer each year plays a very important role in promoting the growth of the radix zanthoxyli before the new tip in spring and the growth peak period of 8 months in summer, and can be used for improving the biological yield of the radix zanthoxyli.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:
the planting treatment is carried out on the radix zanthoxyli by adopting schemes such as seed collection, sowing and seedling raising, field planting, proper formula fertilization and the like, the operation treatment is very convenient when the corresponding fertilizer is used for matching with the radix zanthoxyli planting by adopting the method, the fertilization effect of the radix zanthoxyli is observed and compared by different fertilization modes, the biological yield of planting can be effectively improved after the method is adopted, the influence of different fertilizer combinations on the radix zanthoxyli is explored, the optimal test treatment combination for the yield increase of the radix zanthoxyli is screened out, the 5 th treatment is the best through the analysis and comparison result, the guiding direction and the theoretical basis are provided for the application of the cultivation yield increase of the radix zanthoxyli in future, and the experience is provided for the planting research of more Chinese medicinal materials in future.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. The planting and fertilizing method for promoting the yield increase of the radix zanthoxyli is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Seed selection: harvesting seeds which are mature seeds of perennial plants of radix zanthoxyli in the current year;
2) Sowing and seedling raising: sowing the collected radix zanthoxyli seeds in a field for breeding, wherein:
s1, firstly, selecting a land with ventilation, soil loosening and good drainage as a seedling bed land, and sterilizing by using carbendazim two days before sowing;
s2, sowing: uniformly sowing seeds of radix zanthoxyli on a bed surface or a ridge surface, covering a layer of thin soil, spraying water, and keeping humidity;
3) And (3) field planting in a field: deeply turning field soil, digging a planting pit, fully and uniformly stirring base fertilizer and garden soil, returning soil to form a soil pile slightly higher than the furrow surface, selecting the plant of the radix zanthoxyli seedlings with consistent growth conditions for field planting, treating 20 plants each, and repeating 3 groups;
4) And (3) formula fertilization: the self-prepared fertilizer 2 is designed and utilized, is used as a base fertilizer to be applied once when planting radix zanthoxyli, and is applied once before new shoots are extracted in spring and in the summer growing peak period each year;
5) When the step 4) is adopted for fertilization, ditching and fertilization are adopted, the larger tree roots are prevented from being damaged during ditching, soil is placed aside for standby, half of the soil is backfilled after fertilization in the ditches, then the soil is uniformly mixed with the fertilizer, and other soil is backfilled and irrigated to avoid burning out the root systems;
the broadcast density in the step 2) is 6.67m 2 600-800 seeds are sown in the land;
the self-prepared fertilizer 2 is prepared from 0.1345kg of urea: 0.104kg of superphosphate: potassium oxide 0.125 kg=1: 2:1.
2. the planting and fertilizing method for promoting the yield increase of the radix zanthoxyli according to claim 1, wherein the seedling bed land in the step S1) is a place which is leeward and positive, high in topography, good in drainage, close to a water source, rich in soil and convenient to manage.
3. The planting and fertilizing method for promoting yield increase of radix zanthoxyli according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the thin soil is 2-3 times of the diameter of the radix zanthoxyli seeds.
4. The planting and fertilizing method for promoting the yield increase of the radix zanthoxyli according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of deep turning in the step 3) is 0.3m, the row spacing of the planting is 0.6mx0.8m, and the length of the radix zanthoxyli planting pit is 0.3m, the width is 0.3m and the depth is 0.3m.
5. The planting and fertilizing method for promoting the yield increase of radix zanthoxyli according to claim 1, wherein the plant height of the radix zanthoxyli seedling plant in the step 3) is 18 cm-22 cm, and the ground diameter is 0.25-0.4 cm.
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CN102986437A (en) * 2012-12-14 2013-03-27 茂名市天一农业科技发展有限公司 Method for cultivating radix zanthoxyli artificially
CN103650896A (en) * 2013-12-31 2014-03-26 茂名市天一农业科技发展有限公司 Radix zanthoxyli planting method

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CN108142223A (en) * 2018-01-23 2018-06-12 合肥雪立歆农业科技有限公司 A kind of implantation methods of Radix zanthoxyli
CN111670771A (en) * 2020-06-15 2020-09-18 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 Experimental method for dwarfing zanthoxylum nitidum and dwarfing method thereof

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CN102986437A (en) * 2012-12-14 2013-03-27 茂名市天一农业科技发展有限公司 Method for cultivating radix zanthoxyli artificially
CN103650896A (en) * 2013-12-31 2014-03-26 茂名市天一农业科技发展有限公司 Radix zanthoxyli planting method

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