CN110663528B - Facility seedling raising method for astragalus by taking peat and vermiculite as substrates - Google Patents
Facility seedling raising method for astragalus by taking peat and vermiculite as substrates Download PDFInfo
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- 210000004233 talus Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling culture of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and discloses a facility seedling culture method of astragalus by taking peat and vermiculite as substrates, wherein the volume of the peat is calculated before unpacking in spring, the peat is added with vermiculite with the same volume after being smashed, and a complete compound slow-release fertilizer is applied; leveling the ground in a greenhouse, then stacking ridges, and fixing the ridge surfaces; pressing a sowing ditch during sowing, sowing astragalus seeds, raking the seeds after sowing, and spraying enough water; performing daily management; removing the beauty planting bag in autumn, and picking and digging with iron fork from any side face. According to the method, the seedlings are sowed in advance through the temperature-light effect of autumn, winter and spring in the greenhouse, the seedling raising period is shortened by half a year to 1 year compared with that of the traditional open field seedling raising method in the high-altitude cold area, the seedling raising yield is improved by 3 times, the first-class seedling rate is improved by 60%, the root rot is reduced by 100%, and the labor cost for digging is saved by 66.7%; the invention improves the quality of astragalus membranaceus seedlings, effectively controls and prevents pathogen infection sources, and solves the problem of supply bottleneck of astragalus membranaceus seedlings in field production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling culture of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a facility seedling culture method of astragalus membranaceus by taking peat and vermiculite as matrixes.
Background
Currently, the closest prior art: the production link of the Chinese medicinal material seedlings is weak, and the cultivation is extensive. The astragalus root is mainly propagated by seeds, after the astragalus root is sowed and cultured in the first year, the astragalus root is generally put into a cellar for storage or picked and transplanted at the same time, the medicinal materials are transplanted and produced in the second year, the yield and the quality of the medicinal materials are not only dependent on the quality of the seeds, but also dependent on the quality of seedlings, and high-quality seedlings are the fundamental guarantee for improving the yield and the quality of the astragalus root medicinal materials, so the yield and the quality of the seedlings are the key for measuring the seedling culture effect.
At present, the traditional astragalus open field seedling method is adopted in the area with the elevation of more than 1500 m, the seedlings cannot be grown in the same year, the seedling period needs 2 years, and the seedling period is long; when the traditional method for raising seedlings by using field and garden soil facilities is adopted, the rate of high-quality seedlings (first-class seedlings) is only 10 percent; moreover, because the root system of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings is deep, the soil is compact by the traditional open field or facility seedling raising method, the digging is difficult, the damage rate is high, and the labor cost is high.
In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows: (1) the traditional astragalus open field seedling method in high altitude areas has the defect of substandard annual growth quantity and long seedling period.
(2) The traditional seedling raising method of the garden soil facility has the advantages of low high-quality seedling rate, difficult digging, high damage rate caused by digging and high labor cost.
The difficulty of solving the technical problems is as follows: one is the capital issue. The one-time investment cost is high, and the greenhouse matrix occupying 1 mu of land is invested by 2-3 ten thousand yuan. The second is a technical problem. No one has done a method for cultivating astragalus seedlings with a matrix in a facility before. The method is blank in the technical aspects of selection, proportioning, fertilization, how to pile ridges and the like of matrix materials.
The significance of solving the technical problems is as follows: the root and stem of the astragalus membranaceus seedling are 25-40cm long, the traditional open field seedling raising period is long, the digging is difficult, and the high-quality seedling rate is low. And the facility substrate is used for seedling culture, the seedling culture period is short, the high-quality seedling rate is high, the seedbed is soft and easy to dig, the labor cost is saved, the seedling damage rate caused by digging is reduced, and the economic benefit of seedling culture is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a facility seedling raising method for astragalus by taking peat and vermiculite as substrates.
The invention is realized in this way, a method for culturing seedlings of radix astragali by facilities by taking peat and vermiculite as substrates comprises the following steps:
step 1: in spring (3 months early), the volume of the peat is calculated before unpacking in spring, vermiculite with the same volume is added after being smashed, 40kg of full-element compound slow-release fertilizer is applied per mu, and the mixture is stirred uniformly. And (3) leveling the ground in the greenhouse, and then stacking ridges, wherein the ridge surface is 40cm high and 2.0-3.0 m wide. The length of the ridge surface is determined according to the size of the greenhouse. Arranging a substrate in a 50 x 40 double-handle planting bag (with the caliber of 50cm and the height of 40cm) around the ridge surface to enclose and fix the ridge surface, and paving an operation channel with the width of 30cm by using bricks; spraying enough water to compact the ridge surface.
Step 2: during sowing, pressing sowing ditches with the depth of 5cm on the ridge surface and in the beauty planting bag by using wood strips, uniformly sowing astragalus seeds after calculating the row sowing amount according to the mu sowing amount of 25kg, slightly raking by using wood plates after sowing, and spraying enough water.
And step 3: daily management mainly comprises weeding and irrigation (sprinkling irrigation), water is sprayed for 1-2 times per month in spring and autumn (3, 4, 5, 6 and 9 months), water is sprayed for 2-3 times per month in summer (7 and 8 months), and water is sprayed thoroughly each time;
and 4, step 4: in late autumn (10 months), the beauty planting bag is removed and is picked and dug from any side surface by an iron fork. The ridge surface is soft and easy to dig, the dug astragalus membranaceus seedlings are clean and free of root rot, the first-stage seedling rate is 87-90%, and the breakage rate caused by digging is reduced by 90%.
In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are: according to the facility seedling raising method for the astragalus membranaceus by taking peat and vermiculite as substrates, the volume of the peat is calculated before unpacking in spring, the peat is smashed and added with the vermiculite with the same volume, 40kg of complete compound slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the mixture is uniformly stirred. And (3) leveling the ground in the greenhouse, and then stacking ridges, wherein the ridge surface is 40cm high and 2.0-3.0 m wide. Arranging a substrate in a 50 x 40 double-handle planting bag (with the caliber of 50cm and the height of 40cm) around the ridge surface to enclose and fix the ridge surface, and paving an operation channel with the width of 30cm by using bricks; spraying enough water to compact the ridge surface. During sowing, pressing sowing ditches with the depth of 5cm on the ridge surface and in the beauty planting bag by using wood strips, uniformly sowing astragalus seeds after calculating the row sowing amount according to the mu sowing amount of 25kg, slightly raking by using wood plates after sowing, and spraying enough water; daily management mainly comprises weeding and irrigation (sprinkling irrigation), spraying water for 1-2 times per month in spring and autumn, and spraying water for 2-3 times per month in summer, wherein water is thoroughly sprayed each time; removing the beauty planting bag in autumn, and picking and digging with iron fork from any side face. According to the method, the seedlings are sowed in advance through the temperature-light effect of autumn, winter and spring in the greenhouse, the seedling raising period is shortened by half a year to 1 year compared with that of the traditional open field seedling raising method in the high-altitude cold area, the seedling raising yield is improved by 3 times, the first-class seedling rate is improved by 60%, the root rot is reduced by 100%, and the labor cost for digging is saved by 66.7%; the invention improves the quality of astragalus membranaceus seedlings, effectively controls and prevents pathogen infection sources, and solves the problem of supply bottleneck of astragalus membranaceus seedlings in field production.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the method is suitable for developing astragalus facility seedling culture in areas with the elevation of more than 1500 m, seeding in advance through the temperature-light effect of autumn, winter and spring in a greenhouse, shortens the seedling culture period by half a year to 1 year, improves the seedling culture yield by 3 times, improves the first-stage seedling rate by 60 percent, reduces the root rot by 100 percent, and saves the labor cost of digging by 66.7 percent compared with the traditional open-field seedling culture method.
The method can shorten the seedling raising period, improve the seedling raising amount per unit area, effectively control and prevent pathogen infection sources, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduce seedlings with diseases, improve the quality of astragalus membranaceus seedlings, greatly reduce the production cost, and achieve the aim of intensive utilization of land, thereby solving the bottleneck of astragalus membranaceus seedling supply in field production. The seedling raising contrast effects of a plurality of times in different places and different methods are as follows:
uniformly adding 25kg of seeds per mu, and 2500 yuan; 20000 Yuan such as facility investment matrix, which can be used for multiple times, calculated for 10 times, and 2000 Yuan is invested each time; revenue was calculated at a selling price of 20 yuan/kg. Although the cost of the substrate is increased by the facility seedling raising, the substrate can be used for multiple times by one investment, the labor cost is removed from the sales income of the produced first-grade seedlings, and the gross profits generated by the investment of the seeds, the substrate and the like are displayed, so that the facility seedling raising income is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a facility seedling growing method of radix astragali using peat and vermiculite as substrates according to an embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a seedling growing layout diagram of astragalus membranaceus facilities using peat and vermiculite as substrates according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of ridge surface planting of the seedling with peat and vermiculite as the substrate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for facility seedling raising of astragalus membranaceus by using peat and vermiculite as substrates according to an embodiment of the present invention includes:
s101: in spring (3 months early), the volume of the peat is calculated before unpacking in spring, vermiculite with the same volume is added after being smashed, 40kg of full-element compound slow release fertilizer is applied to each mu, and the mixture is stirred uniformly. And (3) leveling the ground in the greenhouse, and then stacking ridges, wherein the ridge surface is 40cm high and 2.0-3.0 m wide. The length of the ridge surface is determined according to the size of the greenhouse. Arranging a substrate in a 50 x 40 double-handle planting bag (with the caliber of 50cm and the height of 40cm) around the ridge surface to enclose and fix the ridge surface, and paving an operation channel with the width of 30cm by using bricks; spraying enough water to compact the ridge surface.
S102: during sowing, pressing sowing ditches with the depth of 5cm on the ridge surface and in the beauty planting bag by using wood strips, uniformly sowing astragalus seeds after calculating the row sowing amount according to the mu sowing amount of 25kg, slightly raking by using wood plates after sowing, and spraying enough water.
S103: daily management mainly comprises weeding and irrigation (sprinkling irrigation), water is sprayed for 1-2 times per month in spring and autumn (3, 4, 5, 6 and 9 months), water is sprayed for 2-3 times per month in summer (7 and 8 months), and water is sprayed thoroughly each time.
S104: in late autumn (10 months), the beauty planting bag is removed and is picked and dug from any side surface by an iron fork. The ridge surface is soft and easy to dig, the dug astragalus membranaceus seedlings are clean and free of root rot, the first-stage seedling rate is 87-90%, and the breakage rate caused by digging is reduced by 90%. The labor cost is saved by 66.7%.
In the embodiment of the invention, the ridge surface height in the step S101 is 40cm, the ridge surface width is 2.0-3.0 m, and the inter-ridge operation track width is 30 cm.
In the embodiment of the invention, the sowing row spacing of the astragalus seeds in the step S103 is 5-10cm, and the row sowing amount is calculated by 25kg of sowing amount per mu.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
the traditional Chinese medicine industry in Lanzhou city is a new industry developed in recent years, is a new area for planting traditional Chinese medicines in Gansu province, has the total area of 11.8 ten thousand mu in 2018, and is mainly planted with the species of Ural liquorice, and then with the species of radix astragali, radix isatidis, radix bupleuri, medlar, radix scutellariae, radix sileris and the like. The traditional Chinese medicine industry in Lanzhou city has barren soil and less effective rainfall; the rural labor is insufficient; weak seedling production link and extensive cultivation; the degree of mechanization is relatively low, and the cost is higher. For astragalus, the cultivation area of Lanzhou is about 2 ten thousand mu at present, 90% of astragalus seedlings are regulated outwards, and the disease root rate is as high as 30%. The technology adopts the temperature-light effect of the autumn, winter and spring greenhouse to sow in advance, shortens the seedling raising period, improves the seedling raising amount per unit area, effectively controls and prevents pathogen infection sources, reduces the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduces seedlings with diseases, solves the seedling supply bottleneck in field production, and greatly improves the planting benefit and the economic benefit of the traditional Chinese medicine industry. The effective supply is expanded, and the traditional Chinese medicine industry in Lanzhou city is stepped into a benign development orbit. The method has the advantages that the astragalus mongholicus seedling demand of 80 ten thousand kilograms in Lanzhou city every year can bring 1600 ten thousand yuan of economic income to astragalus mongholicus seedling farmers.
Example 2:
the astragalus membranaceus seedlings are continuously tested for 3 years under different soil and climate conditions. Wherein, in 2015, the astragalus is subjected to direct seeding white film, black film, open field seedling culture, germination accelerating white film, black film and other seedling culture treatments in folk happy county (elevation 2630 m) of Yongdeng county of Lanzhou city in Gansu. Sowing for 3 days in 4 months, wherein the sowing quantity per mu is 25kg, the seedlings emerge for 23 days in 4 months, the seedling stage is 20 days, and the emergence rate is 20-30%; measuring the length of the produced root between 17.79cm and 26.80cm in the current year; the root and stem thickness is between 3.3mm and 5.5 mm; wherein, after the direct seeding open field seedling is picked and dug in 10 months of the year, the indoor seed test is carried out, the rootstock length is only 17.79cm, and the rootstock thickness is only 3.3 mm. I.e. first-class seedlings cannot be produced.
In 2016, growing seedlings of the reference variety longqi No. 1 in the open field in Longquan town (average elevation 1600 m) of Yongdeng county, Lanzhou, Gansu province, with a seeding rate of 25kg per mu and 4 times of irrigation. After the seeds are harvested in 10 months in the year, the seeds are examined indoors. The yield is measured according to the astragalus seedling grading standard (unqualified seedlings are obtained when the first-stage root length is more than 30cm, the transverse diameter is more than 5mm, the second-stage root length is 25-30cm, the transverse diameter is 3-5mm, the third-stage root length is 20-25cm, the transverse diameter is 2-3mm, the root length is less than 20cm and the transverse diameter is less than 2 mm). The test result shows that the Longqi No. 1 first-stage seedling is 20%, the second-stage seedling is 43.3%, the third-stage seedling is 16.7%, the failure rate is 20%, the yield per mu is 666.7kg, and the root rot susceptibility is 0; namely, the proportion of first-stage seedlings and second-stage seedlings obtained in the current year after the altitude is reduced is increased, but the unqualified seedling rate is still 28.6 percent (see table 1 in detail), 15 workers are consumed for digging 1 mu of land, and the cost is 1500 yuan.
In 2017, the method has a good effect of ridging and seedling raising by using a substrate in a river water land facility in Yuzhong county (the elevation is 1800 m) in Lanzhou city, Gansu province, seeds are directly sown in 21 days 4 and 21, the variety is Longqi No. 1, indoor seed test is carried out after harvesting in 17 days 10, and astragalus seedlings cultured under 6 substrate conditions in 2017 are graded and counted according to astragalus seedling grading standards (unqualified seedlings are obtained by taking the first-stage root length of more than 30cm, the transverse diameter of more than 5mm, the second-stage root length of 25-30cm, the transverse diameter of 3-5mm, the third-stage root length of 20-25cm, the transverse diameter of 2-3mm, the root length of less than 20cm and the transverse diameter of less than 2mm as a substrate, wherein the first-stage seedling rate is 93.33%, the second-stage seedling rate is 6.67%, no third-stage seedlings and unqualified seedlings exist, and the disease root rate is 0 (see tables 2 and 3 in detail). 5 workers are consumed for digging 1 mu of land, and the cost is 500 yuan. Compared with the astragalus seedling culture in 2015 and 2016, the quality of the astragalus seedling culture is greatly improved, and the digging cost is saved by 66.7%.
TABLE 1 2016 statistical table of the open field seedling cultivation test of Chuan shui Dihuang Qiqi
TABLE 2 statistics of experimental yield test (average) of different substrates for Astragalus membranaceus seedlings in 2017 years
TABLE 3, 2017 Astragalus membranaceus facility seedling-raising grading statistical table
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific effects.
Calculating the volume of the peat before unpacking in spring, adding vermiculite with the same volume after smashing, applying 40kg of full-element compound slow release fertilizer per mu, and uniformly stirring. And (3) leveling the ground in the greenhouse and then stacking ridges, wherein the height of the ridge surface is 40cm, the width of the ridge surface is 2.0-3.0 m, and the length of the ridge surface is determined according to the size of the greenhouse. Arranging a substrate in a 50 x 40 double-handle planting bag (with the caliber of 50cm and the height of 40cm) around the ridge surface to enclose and fix the ridge surface, and paving an operation channel with the width of 30cm by using bricks; spraying enough water to compact the ridge surface. During sowing, pressing sowing ditches with the depth of 5cm on the ridge surface and in the beauty planting bag by using wood strips, uniformly sowing astragalus seeds after calculating the row sowing amount according to the mu sowing amount of 25kg, slightly raking by using wood plates after sowing, and spraying enough water; daily management mainly comprises weeding and irrigation (sprinkling irrigation), spraying water for 1-2 times per month in spring and autumn, and spraying water for 2-3 times per month in summer, wherein water is thoroughly sprayed each time; removing the beauty planting bag in autumn, and picking and digging with iron fork from any side face. According to the method, the seedlings are sowed in advance through the temperature-light effect of autumn, winter and spring in the greenhouse, the seedling raising period is shortened by half a year to 1 year compared with that of the traditional open field seedling raising method in the high-altitude cold area, the seedling raising yield is improved by 3 times, the first-class seedling rate is improved by 60%, the root rot is reduced by 100%, and the labor cost for digging is saved by 66.7%; can shorten the seedling raising period, improve the seedling raising amount per unit area and effectively control and prevent pathogen infection sources.
In the embodiment of the invention, fig. 2 is a layout diagram of astragalus membranaceus facility seedling culture by taking peat and vermiculite as substrates. FIG. 3 is the ridge surface planting diagram of the seedling growing facility using peat and vermiculite as the matrix.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. A facility seedling raising method of radix astragali taking peat and vermiculite as matrixes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: calculating the volume of the peat before unpacking in spring, adding vermiculite with the same volume after smashing, applying the complete compound slow release fertilizer with 40kg per mu, and uniformly stirring; leveling the ground in a greenhouse, and then piling ridges, wherein the ridge surface is 40cm high and 2.0-3.0 m wide; the length of the ridge surface is determined according to the size of the greenhouse; enclosing and fixing the ridge surfaces by using 50-by-40 double-handle beauty planting bagged matrix around the ridge surfaces, and paving an operation channel with the width of 30cm by using bricks; spraying enough water to compact the ridge surface;
step 2: during sowing, pressing sowing ditches with the depth of 5cm on the ridge surface and in the beauty planting bag by using wood strips, uniformly sowing astragalus seeds after calculating the row sowing amount according to the mu sowing amount of 25kg, slightly raking by using wood plates after sowing, and spraying enough water;
and step 3: performing daily management, weeding and watering, spraying water for 1-2 times every month in spring and autumn, spraying water for 2-3 times every month in summer, thoroughly spraying water every time, and keeping weeds clean;
and 4, step 4: removing the beauty planting bag in autumn, and picking and digging from any side face by using an iron fork;
in the step 1, the height of the ridge surface is 40cm, the width of the ridge surface is 2.0-3.0 m, the periphery of the ridge surface is surrounded by a substrate with the caliber of 50cm and the height of 40cm, the ridge surface is surrounded by a matrix, and the width of an operation track between ridges is 30 cm;
in the step 2, pressing sowing ditches with the depth of 5cm on the ridge surface and the beautifying planting bag by using wood strips;
in step 3, spraying water for 1-2 times per month in spring and autumn;
in step 3, spraying for 2-3 times per month in summer, wherein water is sprayed thoroughly each time;
in the step 3, the sowing row spacing of the astragalus seeds is 5-10cm, and the sowing row sowing amount is calculated by the sowing amount per mu of 25 kg.
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| CN201911127756.1A CN110663528B (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2019-11-18 | Facility seedling raising method for astragalus by taking peat and vermiculite as substrates |
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| CN201911127756.1A CN110663528B (en) | 2019-11-18 | 2019-11-18 | Facility seedling raising method for astragalus by taking peat and vermiculite as substrates |
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