CN111357457A - Fertilizing method in astragalus root seedling raising and planting production - Google Patents
Fertilizing method in astragalus root seedling raising and planting production Download PDFInfo
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- CN111357457A CN111357457A CN202010325217.5A CN202010325217A CN111357457A CN 111357457 A CN111357457 A CN 111357457A CN 202010325217 A CN202010325217 A CN 202010325217A CN 111357457 A CN111357457 A CN 111357457A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizing method in astragalus seedling raising, planting and production, which comprises the following steps: uniformly spreading base fertilizer by using a fertilizer spreader, then deeply turning for 50cm by using a big plough, and turning for 2 times in a transverse and vertical manner to ensure that the fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the soil with the thickness of 0-40 cm; crushing soil blocks by using a power harrow, flattening a field, simultaneously stirring surface soil, repeating for 2 times, and ensuring uniform fertilizer; after sowing, watering the astragalus root once every 5 days before emergence of seedlings; after seedling emergence, watering once every 7 days until the plant height is less than 10 cm; the plant height is 10 cm-35 cm, and water is poured once every 15 days; the plant height is more than 35cm, and water is poured once every 25 days; the water is fully watered to below 40cm relative to the ground every time; spraying medium trace element foliar fertilizer three months after sowing. The invention fully utilizes the water and fertilizer properties of the seedlings of the plants, and the fertilizer and the water continuously move downwards in the growth process of the astragalus by reasonable fertilization operation, thereby promoting the growth of the roots of the astragalus to continuously move downwards, promoting the root length of the seedlings of the astragalus and reducing the bifurcation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for using a fertilizer in a seedling raising production process of a traditional Chinese medicine radix astragali.
Background
The fertilizer has an extremely important position in agricultural production, can effectively promote the growth of crops, improve the yield of the crops and protect the driving for the agricultural production. The existing fertilization mode of agriculture is base fertilizer and later-stage additional fertilizer, and the reasonable use of the fertilizer can effectively increase the yield, so a good fertilization technology is extremely important.
The current fertilization mode of agricultural is base fertilizer adds later stage additional fertilizer, and traditional fertilization mode is put base fertilizer (mainly including NPK) and seed simultaneously and sows in the seeding case simultaneously, labour saving and time saving, and water-soluble fertilizer is topdressed again in later stage, including NPK and microelement. However, such fertilization has many negative effects on the growth of astragalus seedlings.
1. The seeder is planted and fertilizes and goes on simultaneously, and fertilizer and seed distance are too near, and the back fertilizer that waters for the first time dissolves the diffusion, but unable diffusion is too far away, can make the fertilizer concentration around the root system of astragalus seedling too big, causes the seedling of burning seedlings easily, influences the seedling growth, causes the seedling death even.
2. The high-quality astragalus seedlings are long, straight and not forked, the thickness and the weight are not important, and the yield and the quality of finished astragalus mainly depend on the length of the seedlings. The base fertilizer is on the surface layer, the plants have fertilizer property, the astragalus seedlings can not root downwards any more, and the seedlings can also be forked in order to absorb surrounding nutrients. Seriously affecting the quality of astragalus seedlings.
3. The later stage topdressing can only enter 20-30cm of soil generally, and the length of good astragalus membranaceus seedlings is required to be more than 40cm, if the later stage topdressing also comprises NPK, a large amount of macroelements required by plants can be contained in the soil at the depth of 0-20cm, the roots of astragalus membranaceus cannot be rooted downwards due to the fact that the plants are fertile, the length of the seedlings is affected, meanwhile, lateral roots can be generated for more surface layer nutrition astragalus membranaceus seedlings to absorb, and finally the quality of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the prior art, the invention provides a fertilizing method in astragalus seedling cultivation and production, which promotes the root elongation of astragalus seedlings through reasonable fertilizing operation.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a fertilizing method in astragalus seedling raising planting production, which comprises the steps of pre-planting soil preparation and base fertilizer application treatment, seeding and watering management after seeding, top dressing and fertilizer selection, and comprises the following specific steps:
step one, pre-planting soil preparation and base fertilizer application treatment: uniformly spreading base fertilizer by using a fertilizer spreader, then deeply turning for 50cm by using a big plough, and turning for 2 times in a transverse and vertical manner to ensure that the fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the soil with the thickness of 0-40 cm; crushing soil blocks by using a power harrow, flattening a field, simultaneously stirring surface soil, repeating for 2 times, and ensuring uniform fertilizer;
step two, seeding and watering management after seeding: after sowing, watering the astragalus root once every 5 days before emergence of seedlings; after seedling emergence, watering once every 7 days until the plant height is less than 10 cm; the plant height is 10 cm-35 cm, and water is poured once every 15 days; the plant height is more than 35cm, and water is poured once every 25 days; the water is fully watered to below 40cm relative to the ground every time;
step three, topdressing and fertilizer selection: after sowing, topdressing is carried out three months later, and medium trace element foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time in 15 days and 3 times in total.
Further, according to the fertilizing method in astragalus seedling raising, planting and production, in the first step, the base fertilizer is diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, the dosage of the diammonium phosphate is 20 kg/mu, and the dosage of the potassium sulfate is 10 kg/mu.
In the third step, the medium trace element foliar fertilizer is a Bedofeng 13 element foliar fertilizer produced by Henan Bedofeng biotechnology limited, and when the medium trace element foliar fertilizer is sprayed, 15 kg of water is added into 30-50 g of the medium trace element foliar fertilizer, and stem leaves are uniformly sprayed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the fertilizing method, the interval between two adjacent watering times is reasonably prolonged along with the increase of the plant height of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings, but the distance between every two adjacent watering times is less than 40cm, the fertilizer and water are controlled to move downwards continuously, the growth of the roots of the astragalus membranaceus is promoted to move downwards continuously, the root length of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings is improved, the seedlings are guaranteed to grow downwards all the time in the whole growth period, the seedling length is increased, and the branching is reduced.
(2) When fertilizer application and astragalus seed planting are reduced and carried out simultaneously, the distance between the fertilizer and the seeds is too close, and the concentration of the fertilizer around the root system after the astragalus seedlings emerge is too high, so that the seedlings are burned, and the growth of the seedlings is influenced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process block diagram of the fertilization method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is the comparison of the length, weight and the number of branches of the astragalus membranaceus seedlings obtained by the fertilizing method of the invention and the traditional fertilizing method.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
The design idea of the fertilizing method is as follows: in order to ensure that the quality of the astragalus seedlings is as long as possible, straight and not forked, the root elongation of the astragalus seedlings is promoted by reasonable fertilization operation, the water-oriented property and the fertilizer-oriented property of the plant seedlings are fully utilized, and the fertilizer and the water are controlled to continuously move downwards in the astragalus growth process, so that the root growth is continuously moved downwards, the root length of the astragalus seedlings is increased, and the forked branches are reduced. The fertilizing method mainly comprises pre-planting soil preparation and fertilizing treatment, watering management and topdressing selection.
The invention provides a fertilizing method in astragalus seedling cultivation production, as shown in figure 1, which comprises the steps of pre-planting soil preparation and base fertilizer application treatment, watering management after sowing and sowing, top dressing and fertilizer selection, and comprises the following specific steps:
step one, pre-planting soil preparation and base fertilizer application treatment:
firstly, uniformly spreading base fertilizer by using a fertilizer spreader, wherein in the embodiment, the base fertilizer comprises diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, the dosage of the diammonium phosphate is 20 kg/mu, and the dosage of the potassium sulfate is 10 kg/mu; then deeply ploughing 50cm by using a big plough, and turning for 2 times horizontally and vertically to ensure that the fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the soil with the depth of 0-40 cm;
use power harrow to smash the clod, level the field, if fertilizer distributes inhomogeneously, the landmass that fertilizer concentration is high causes easily to burn the seedling, influences the seedling growth, causes the seedling death even, consequently, stirs top layer soil when leveling, repeats 2 times to guarantee that fertilizer is even.
Step two, seeding and watering management after seeding:
sowing in spring for 10-20 days in 5 months, and after sowing, adjusting the watering operation process according to the growing period of astragalus root in the continuous growing process of seedlings to make the NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) element in the base fertilizer continuously move downwards in the soil, and the seedlings can also continuously root downwards due to the fertility of the plant; due to the water-directing property of the plants, the watering times are gradually reduced after the seedlings grow up, so that the seedlings of the astragalus membranaceus are forced to root downwards continuously.
Watering once every 5 days after sowing and before the emergence of seedlings of astragalus; after seedling emergence, watering once every 7 days until the plant height is less than 10 cm; the plant height is 10 cm-35 cm, and water is poured once every 15 days; after the astragalus seedlings grow completely, namely the plant height is about 35cm, watering once every 25 days; the nutrients of the base fertilizer continuously move downwards through each watering until the depth of the seedlings is below 40cm relative to the ground, and the watering is continuously reduced along with the growth of the seedlings through each excessive watering, so that the seedlings of the astragalus membranaceus can continuously root downwards.
Step three, topdressing and fertilizer selection:
and (3) topdressing is carried out for 15-20 days in the same year, namely about three months after sowing, and only spraying medium trace element foliar fertilizer for 1 time in 15 days for 3 times without selecting topdressing NPK fertilizer. In the embodiment, the medium trace element foliar fertilizer is a Bedofeng 13 element foliar fertilizer produced by Henan Bedofeng biotechnology limited, and when the medium trace element foliar fertilizer is sprayed, 15 kg of water is added into 30-50 g of the medium trace element foliar fertilizer, and stem leaves are uniformly sprayed. Only medium trace element leaf fertilizer is selected during topdressing, and the medium trace element is ensured to be sufficient, and simultaneously, the macroelements (NPK) are ensured to be absorbed only from the middle lower layer of the field, so that the overground part of the seedlings is inhibited from growing, and the root of the seedlings is promoted to grow.
And (4) no other operations except watering are usually carried out after top dressing, and the seedlings are harvested from the current 10 months or the next 4 months.
The traditional fertilizing method is that base fertilizer containing NPK and seeds are placed in a seeding box at the same time, the base fertilizer is applied while seeding, water-soluble fertilizer containing NPK and medium trace elements is added at the later stage, during the period, watering is carried out according to the traditional watering method, namely, watering is carried out once every 10 days before 7 months, watering is carried out once every 20 days after 7 months, and seedlings are harvested from 10 months or 4 months in the next year.
The astragalus membranaceus is cultivated according to a traditional fertilizing method and a fertilizing method of the invention, after the production process is finished, seedlings are dug out by a five-point sampling method in 10 months in the year, 5 plants are taken at each point, and the length, the weight and the branching number are recorded respectively as shown in the following table.
Compared with the seedlings obtained by the traditional fertilization method, the length of the seedlings is increased by 31.1 percent on average, the weight of the seedlings is increased by 10.4 percent on average, and the branching number is only 37.8 percent of the original branching number after the seedlings are measured by a five-point sampling method, as shown in figure 2.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are illustrative only and not restrictive, and various modifications which do not depart from the spirit of the present invention and which are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
1. A fertilization method in astragalus seedling cultivation production comprises the steps of pre-planting soil preparation and base fertilizer application treatment, seeding and watering management after seeding, top dressing and fertilizer selection, and is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step one, pre-planting soil preparation and base fertilizer application treatment:
uniformly spreading base fertilizer by using a fertilizer spreader, then deeply turning for 50cm by using a big plough, and turning for 2 times in a transverse and vertical manner to ensure that the fertilizer is uniformly distributed in the soil with the thickness of 0-40 cm;
crushing soil blocks by using a power harrow, flattening a field, simultaneously stirring surface soil, repeating for 2 times, and ensuring uniform fertilizer;
step two, seeding and watering management after seeding:
after sowing, watering the astragalus root once every 5 days before emergence of seedlings; after seedling emergence, watering once every 7 days until the plant height is less than 10 cm; the plant height is 10 cm-35 cm, and water is poured once every 15 days; the plant height is more than 35cm, and water is poured once every 25 days;
the water is fully watered to below 40cm relative to the ground every time;
step three, topdressing and fertilizer selection: after sowing, topdressing is carried out three months later, and medium trace element foliar fertilizer is sprayed for 1 time in 15 days and 3 times in total.
2. The fertilizing method in astragalus seedling raising, planting and production according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the base fertilizer is diammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate, the dosage of diammonium phosphate is 20 kg/mu, and the dosage of potassium sulfate is 10 kg/mu.
3. The fertilizing method in astragalus seedling raising planting production according to claim 1, characterized in that in the third step, the medium trace element foliar fertilizer is a Bedofeng 13 element foliar fertilizer produced by Henan Bedofeng biotechnology limited, and when being sprayed, 15 kg of water is added into 30-50 g of the medium trace element foliar fertilizer, and stem leaves are uniformly sprayed.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115316212A (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2022-11-11 | 内蒙古天创药业科技有限公司 | Planting method of astragalus membranaceus with high content of methyl glucoside |
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