CN115316212A - Planting method of astragalus membranaceus with high content of methyl glucoside - Google Patents
Planting method of astragalus membranaceus with high content of methyl glucoside Download PDFInfo
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- CN115316212A CN115316212A CN202210990089.5A CN202210990089A CN115316212A CN 115316212 A CN115316212 A CN 115316212A CN 202210990089 A CN202210990089 A CN 202210990089A CN 115316212 A CN115316212 A CN 115316212A
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- astragalus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting astragalus with high methyl glycoside content, which comprises the following steps: s1, normally planting astragalus membranaceus until the height of seedlings is 10 cm; s2, carrying out drought stress; s3, watering and topdressing the roots of the astragalus membranaceus for 8 months to quickly grow, and then watering and topdressing to provide sufficient nutrition for the growth of the astragalus membranaceus for 4 times; s4, in the spring of the next year, the astragalus is harvested before germination, and the content of the astragaloside in the astragalus is increased through cold stress. In the application, water and fertilizer are controlled in the seedling stage and the middle stage, and the harvest time is delayed; the astragaloside content is improved by simulating the astragalus root growing in the natural environment, so that the astragaloside content in the wild astragalus root is approximate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, in particular to a method for planting astragalus with high methyl glucoside content.
Background
Astragalus membranaceus is a common traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of use, and the first part of the pharmacopoeia edition 2005 stipulates that the medicinal material of astragalus membranaceus is the dry root of astragalus mongholicus or astragalus membranaceus of the genus astragalus mongholicus of the family leguminosae. Radix astragali contains multiple components such as saponin, polysaccharide, flavone, amino acid, etc., and has the traditional effects of invigorating qi, consolidating superficial resistance, inducing diuresis, expelling pus, healing sore and promoting granulation. Modern pharmacological research shows that astragalus has the effects of remarkably improving the immunity of organisms, resisting aging, enhancing the metabolism of cells, regulating blood sugar, eliminating free radicals, resisting myocardial ischemia and the like, and the astragalus has huge development potential in domestic and international markets and is one of the most concerned and deeply researched medicinal material varieties at present. More than forty triterpenoid saponins are separated from astragalus and the similar genus, the structures of the triterpenoid saponins are mostly tetracyclic triterpenes and pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides, the glycosides are mostly glucose, galactose and rhamnose, and are connected to the 3,6-position of aglycone. The astragalus membranaceus contains acetyl astragaloside I, astragalosides I-VIII, isoastragalosides I-II, astragaloside B, cycloastragenol and soyasaponin; mongolian milkvetch root contains astragalosides I, II, IV and soyasaponin I;
the astragalus root is used as a traditional Chinese medicinal material, the medicinal value is mainly reflected in the contained astragaloside, the content of the astragaloside determines the value and the price of the astragalus root, and the astragalus root with insufficient content of the astragaloside can only be an unqualified product. The coarser the astragalus, the higher the content and the higher the price, and the higher the price of the astragalus, which is a high-end health care product and high-content slices exported to the outside, is a shortage of the source of goods all the time and the price is very high.
The astragalus astragaloside content is mainly influenced by production places and climate at present, and the reason why the traditional Chinese medicine is planted with genuine medicinal materials is that in a specific production area, the quality of astragalus membranaceus is better than that of astragalus membranaceus in other areas, the content of the astragaloside is higher, and astragalus membranaceus diseases are serious due to the fact that astragalus membranaceus is planted in the genuine production area for successive years. At present, the astragalus needs are mainly met by artificial planting, the content of the artificially planted astragalus with sufficient water and fertilizer is much lower than that of the artificially planted astragalus with sufficient water and fertilizer, and various pesticides for improving the content of the methyl glucoside are unsafe for the astragalus serving as medicinal crops. Therefore, the method for improving the methyl glucoside, which meets the safety of medicinal plants, is very important. The existing method for obtaining high-content astragalus membranaceus is generally planting in real estate areas, but planting in successive years is serious in disease, or planting in wild-imitating mode with low yield and high cost.
The invention improves the content of astragaloside by controlling water, fertilizer and cold stress in the process of planting astragalus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for planting astragalus membranaceus with high content of astragaloside, and solves the problem that the content of astragaloside is low in conventional large-area planting.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for planting astragalus membranaceus with high methyl glycoside content, which comprises the following steps:
s1, normally planting astragalus membranaceus until the height of seedlings is 10 cm;
s2, carrying out drought stress
Stopping watering after the astragalus seedlings are 10cm high, observing astragalus leaves at 1-3 pm every day after 7 days, watering again when the astragalus leaves start to wither at midday, and watering until the astragalus leaves are watered to less than 30 cm; starting the water cut-off observation again, and circulating to 8 months;
s3, watering and topdressing
The root of the astragalus begins to grow rapidly in 8 months, watering and topdressing are started at the moment to provide sufficient nutrition for the growth of the astragalus, and the watering and topdressing are carried out for 4 times totally;
watering and topdressing are carried out sequentially, and topdressing is carried out after each watering. Watering until 10cm below the root each time, and then topdressing with water in a proportion of 1/10, so that the topdressed fertilizer is uniformly distributed around the root of astragalus; a small amount of multiple topdressing is carried out, nutrients required by the development of the astragalus membranaceus are guaranteed through topdressing after watering and topdressing water amount control, and meanwhile, excessive fertilizer fixed in soil is reduced, so that the excessive growth of the astragalus membranaceus is prevented;
s4, harvesting the astragalus membranaceus before germination in spring of the next year, and increasing the content of the astragaloside in the astragalus membranaceus through cold stress.
Further, watering and topdressing in S3;
wherein the first 2 watering topdressing is performed in the beginning of 8 months and in 8 months, and after watering, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balanced fertilizer is topdressed at 200 g/mu/time, so that the nutritional requirements in the vigorous growth period are ensured;
and watering and topdressing once every 20 days for the last two times, and topdressing the nitrogen-free high-potassium fertilizer 200 g/mu/time, so that the growth of roots is promoted and the excessive growth of leaf surfaces is prevented.
Further optimizing, in the step S1;
1) Soil selection in seed fields
The astragalus membranaceus is planted in sandy soil or sandy loam, clay cannot be selected, soil particles in a demonstration base are large, water permeability and air permeability are good, agglomeration is not prone to occurring, soil is prone to leaking when a machine starts to operate and collects the soil, and seedlings are not prone to burying;
2) Turning or leveling the ground
Because the astragalus is a deep root crop, the land is generally turned to be not less than 40cm, and after the land is deeply turned, the land is leveled and compacted by using the power harrow, so that an ideal land plane is created for later sowing;
3) Planting of seedlings
The planting depth of the astragalus membranaceus is controlled to be about 10cm, and the seedling quantity of each mu of planted astragalus membranaceus is generally 5000-8000 strains;
4) Use of the fertiliser
The base fertilizer is 40 kg/mu of special fertilizer for astragalus.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects: in the application, water and fertilizer are controlled in the seedling stage and the middle stage, and the harvest time is delayed; the astragaloside content is improved by simulating the astragalus root growing in the natural environment, so as to achieve the effect of approaching the astragaloside content in the wild astragalus root.
Detailed Description
The embodiment discloses a method for planting astragalus with high content of methyl glycoside, wherein the methyl glycoside is a secondary metabolite of the astragalus, and the content of the methyl glycoside in the astragalus can be reduced when the astragalus has good living conditions and excessive water and fertilizer.
1. Planting radix astragali normally until the height of the seedling is 10 cm;
in the step S1, 1) selecting soil for planting fields, selecting sandy soil or sandy loam for planting astragalus, and not selecting clay, wherein soil particles in a demonstration base are large, water permeability and air permeability are good, agglomeration is not easy to occur, soil is easy to leak and seedlings are not easy to bury when a machine starts to operate; 2) Turning or leveling the land, wherein the astragalus is a deep root crop, the turning is generally not less than 40cm, and after the land is turned deeply, the land is leveled and compacted by using a power harrow to create an ideal land plane for later sowing; 3) Planting seedlings, controlling the planting depth of astragalus to be about 10cm, and generally keeping the seedling quantity of planted astragalus to be 5000-8000 strains per mu; 4) The fertilizer is used, wherein the base fertilizer is 40 kg/mu of the special fertilizer for astragalus.
2. And (3) carrying out drought stress, stopping watering after the seedlings are 10cm high, observing the astragalus membranaceus leaves at 1-3 pm every day after 7 days, watering again when the astragalus membranaceus leaves start to wither at noon, watering until the water is fully watered to the soil below 30 cm, stopping the water observation again, and circulating to 8 months, wherein differences can exist in circulation time when drought stress type watering is carried out corresponding to different astragalus membranaceus planting areas.
3. The root of the astragalus starts to grow rapidly in 8 months, and watering and topdressing are started to provide sufficient nutrition for the growth of the astragalus for 4 times. After the first 2 times of watering in the early 8 months and the 8 months, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer is applied for 200 g/mu/time, the nutritional requirement in the vigorous growth period is ensured, the last two times of watering and topdressing are performed every 20 days, the nitrogen-free high-potassium fertilizer is applied for 200 g/mu/time, the root growth is promoted, and meanwhile, the leaf surface overgrowth is prevented.
Watering and topdressing are carried out in sequence, and topdressing is carried out after each watering. Watering each time until the water is 10cm below the root, and then topdressing with water in a ratio of 1/10, so that the topdressed fertilizer can be uniformly distributed around the root of astragalus. When the amount of topdressing water is too small, the fertilizer is accumulated on the upper layer of the soil, the absorption of astragalus roots is affected, and when the amount of topdressing water is too large, the fertilizer is flushed below the roots, so that part of the fertilizer is wasted.
And a small amount of additional fertilizer is applied for multiple times, nutrients required by the development of the astragalus membranaceus are guaranteed through additional fertilizer application after watering and additional fertilizer water amount control, and meanwhile, excessive fertilizer fixed in soil is reduced, and excessive growth of the astragalus membranaceus is prevented.
4. The astragalus mongholicus cannot be harvested in autumn in the current year, the astragalus mongholicus is harvested before germination in spring in the next year, and the content of the astragaloside in the astragalus mongholicus is increased through cold stress; wherein the Hubao area in the inner Mongolia area is generally 4 months and 15 days before, and the actual specific standard of different areas is that the astragalus roots germinate and break the ground.
Examples
Record of the experiment
Treatment 1. Sufficient water and fertilizer
Treatment 2. Controlling water in seedling stage, harvesting in autumn
Treatment 3. Topdressing control, harvest in autumn
Treatment 4. Controlling water and top application in seedling stage, and harvesting in autumn
And 5, controlling water and top application in the seedling stage, and harvesting in spring.
The astragalus membranaceus with the thickness of more than 1 cm in the test is selected for statistics, and compared with the conventional planting, the method has the advantages that the yield is reduced by 6.3%, and the content is improved by 26%.
The thicker the part of astragalus, the smaller the content, the more the content of the whole plant of the astragalus can reach the pharmacopeia requirement of 0.08, but the strip goods with the tail removed can have partial content which is unqualified, and the slice with the specification of 1.0 is cut into the pieces, the content of the majority of the astragalus is unqualified, and the partial slices are the whole plant of the astragalus with the highest value, because of the influence of individual difference, the content of the astragalus with the same specification in the same field has about 0.005 difference, and is 1.0 slice, the qualified content is more than 20% of the unqualified price, and the general goods source is tense, the market demand is difficult to meet, and the price overflows in different degrees.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used for convenience of description only, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above embodiments are only for describing the preferred mode of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for planting astragalus with high content of methyl glucoside is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, normally planting astragalus membranaceus until the height of seedlings is 10 cm;
s2, carrying out drought stress
Stopping watering after the astragalus seedlings are 10cm high, observing astragalus leaves at 1-3 pm every day after 7 days, watering again when the astragalus leaves start to wither at midday, and watering until the astragalus leaves are watered to less than 30 cm; starting the water cut-off observation again, and circulating to 8 months;
s3, watering and topdressing
The root of the astragalus begins to grow rapidly in 8 months, and watering and topdressing are started at the moment to provide sufficient nutrition for the growth of the astragalus for 4 times;
watering and topdressing are carried out sequentially, and topdressing is carried out after each watering. Watering until 10cm below the root each time, and then topdressing with water in a proportion of 1/10, so that the topdressed fertilizer is uniformly distributed around the root of astragalus; a small amount of multiple topdressing is carried out, nutrients required by the development of the astragalus membranaceus are guaranteed through topdressing after watering and topdressing water quantity control, meanwhile, excessive fertilizer fixed in soil is reduced, and excessive growth of the astragalus membranaceus is prevented;
s4, harvesting the astragalus membranaceus before germination in spring of the next year, and increasing the content of the astragaloside in the astragalus membranaceus through cold stress.
2. The method for planting astragalus membranaceus with a high methyl glycoside content according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: s3, watering and topdressing;
wherein the first 2 watering topdressing is performed in the beginning of 8 months and in 8 months, and after watering, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium balance fertilizer is topdressed for 200 g/mu/time, so that the nutritional requirement in the vigorous growth period is ensured;
and the top dressing is watered every 20 days twice, and nitrogen-free high-potassium fertilizer is applied for 200 g/mu/time, so that the root growth is promoted, and meanwhile, the leaf surface overgrowth is prevented.
3. The method for planting astragalus membranaceus with a high methyl glycoside content according to claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step S1;
1) Soil selection of seed fields
The astragalus membranaceus is planted in sandy soil or sandy loam, clay cannot be selected, soil particles in a demonstration base are large, water permeability and air permeability are good, agglomeration is not prone to occurring, soil is prone to leaking when a machine starts to operate and collects the soil, and seedlings are not prone to burying;
2) Turning or leveling the ground
Because the astragalus is a deep root crop, the land is generally turned to be not less than 40cm, and after the land is turned deeply, the land is leveled and compacted by using the power harrow, so that an ideal land plane is created for later sowing;
3) Planting of seedlings
The planting depth of the astragalus membranaceus is controlled to be about 10cm, and the seedling amount of the planted astragalus membranaceus is generally 5000-8000 plants per mu;
4) Use of a Fertilizer
The base fertilizer is 40 kg/mu of special fertilizer for astragalus.
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| CN105746137A (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2016-07-13 | 宋维成 | Planting method for increasing content of astragaloside |
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2022
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| KR20160088048A (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2016-07-25 | 강원대학교산학협력단 | Method for cultivating Astragalus membranaceus with increased growth using light emitting plasma or light emitting diode irradiation of red light wavelength |
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