The many crop cultivation methods of Chinese celery deep water
Technical field
The invention belongs to the vegetable growing technical field, be specifically related to the cultivation method of a kind of Chinese celery, particularly the many crop cultivation methods of mahatma Chinese celery deep water.
Background technology
Chinese celery belongs to Umbelliferae, Chinese celery Lepidium, for many years aquatic persistent root herbs.Be rich in various vitamins, mineral matter, per 100 g edible parts contain protein 1.8 g, fatty 0.24 g, carbohydrate 1.6 g, raw fiber 1.0 g, calcium 160 mg, phosphorus 61 mg, iron 8.5 mg.Chinese celery also contains rutin, Chinese celery Su with Quercetin etc.Its tender stem and petiole matter are fresh and tender, pleasant to the palate, can give birth to and mix or stir-fry and eat.Chinese celery distinguish the flavor of sweet suffering, cool in nature, enter lung, stomach warp, have clearing heat and detoxicating, support lean gas, blood clean, reduce blood pressure, declare the effect such as lung dampness removing, also can control the illnesss such as urine leaching pain, stool are hemorrhage, jaundice, acute toothache, mumps.
Oenanthe stolonifera not only has a lot of medical values also to contain abundant nutriment, its output Gao Erwen, and damage by disease and insect is few, is pollution-free food.In the Chinese celery breeding stolon is arranged, take root through saving easily, two times winglike compound leaves, leaf margin has the rough sawn tooth, and petiole is elongated.Open summer and spend universal umbel in vain.Do not bear seeds or the seed sky flat, carry out vegetative propagation with mother through the upper axillalry bud of each joint.Be suitable for the deep paddy field cultivation of mud layer.Cultivate maternal plant general spring, autumn culture, and winter or early spring gather.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the many crop cultivation methods of a kind of Chinese celery deep water.
The present invention is achieved like this: the many crop cultivation methods of Chinese celery deep water is characterized in that comprising three batches of cultivation processes:
First batch: crops for rotation and kind are selected,Chinese celery is in seeding mid-July, and gather mid-September in batches; Kind is selected the long white celery in the Yangzhou of Nanjing Liuhe District mahatma Chinese celery or improvement;
Site preparation and fertilization,Sow front 7~10 days, execute high-quality fertilizer 1900-2100 kilogram or cake fertilizer 130-170 kilogram for every mu, then deep plough and upper bubble system, when row's preplanting treatment, 50~75 kilograms of every mu of sealing fertilizers, reach the field face smooth, build height all around at ridge more than 50 centimetres or dug planting bed, thin water layer in the filling;
The scaffolding sunshade,Before seeding, build sunshade, select the sunshade net of shading rate more than 70%;
The vernalization seeding,The first batch cress is uprooped the kind strain of seed field in the early July vernalization of choosing seeds, and selects cane sturdy, even thickness, disease-free plant does kind of a strain, the immature part of excision taper, manage kind of stem and lash, the shady and cool place of choosing intersects stacks, and covers grass, sooner or later respectively water once every day, keep moistening, loose heap of cloudy day or rainy day prevents the pile core heating, rot, when each joint axil bears new radical bud, when length reaches 1~2 centimetre, take out seedling and be put in the water, float and fall to rot leaf and carry out seeding, the strain spacing is 15 centimetres of 15 cm x, every mu of seeding 2500~3000 strains, or use planting seed, first presoaking and germinating, carry out the seedbed, cultivate again field planting after strong sprout;
Water layer management,Keep face moistening and no water layer in field after the seeding, prevent that ponding and soil are dry and cracked, meet heavy rain, in time drain the water away, prevent that seedling is floating or it is mashed to macerate, when the new talent for the treatment of the axillalry bud germinating on most of female stems had taken root foliation, draining was gently put the field 1~2 day, to promote root system development, then fill with shallow water 3~5cm according to the plant size.Accomplish that a day row fills with night, avoid water temperature rising on daytime, scald seedling, if excess Temperature, the mode that adopts well water to arrange while filling with, purling cooling;
Topdress in good time,Chinese celery is short vegetative period, using sufficient on the basis of base manure, novel species Chinese celery field chases after fertilizer 2 times, namely when height of seedling 10cm, impose Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 10~15kg, executed again 1 time every 10 days, old Chinese celery field chases after Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 15kg when going out height of seedling 10cm, executes rear water hydro-peening or broom and gently sweeps plant, disposes the fertilizer on leaf;
Diseases and pests controlling,With the person who has rendered outstanding service, kill that 1000-1500 times of liquid of chrysanthemum ester is anti-to eliminate aphis, with bitter tree alkali control cabbage caterpillar and prodenia litura;
The listing of gathering,The first batch cress is gathered 40~50 days vegetative period, finishes listing before September 20;
Second batch: crops for rotation and seedling,The rhizome that the Chinese celery of having gathered in the crops September is downcut or should the stage in time results " wear out ", namely quality changes unedible Chinese celery it is gathered from the field, carries out the vernalization processing;
Site preparation and fertilization,After the front stubble results, high-quality fertilizer 1900-2100 kilogram or cake fertilizer 130-170 kilogram are executed for every mu in the whole ground of application in time, and 50~75 kilograms of mu sealing fertilizers reach the field face smooth;
Water layer management,Germinate and control moisture during new seedling rooting, keep the furrow face moistening, the depth of water layer is followed shallow-Lu-shallow-dark principle, when reaching 8~10 centimetres, height of seedling drains the celery water in field, gently put the field 5~7 days, and promoted root system development, then answer 3~5 centimetres of shallow waters, seeding 30~35 days, when plant height reached 13-17 centimetre, root system basically formed, and filled with 5~7 centimetres of deep water, progressively add profundal zone with plant strain growth, keep plant to surface 10~15 centimetres;
Topdress in good time,Topdress 2 times in necessary for growth, the one, during slice leaf of growth of seedling to 2~3, impose and once carry seed manure, execute 10~15 kilograms in urea for every mu, the 2nd, in vegetative period, the heavy dressing primary branch is fertile, and every mu imposes 15~20 kilograms in urea, 5~8 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphates;
Diseases and pests controlling,Fill with pocket with 1000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin or 1000-times of liquid of DT bactericide during field planting, prevention soft rot, root rot, leaf spot (spot blight) occurs vegetative period, but with can kill or the control of the clear 800-1000 of 75% bacterium times of liquid spray, with the person who has rendered outstanding service, kill 1000-1500 times of liquid of chrysanthemum ester and prevent eliminating aphis;
The listing of gathering,After seeding, gathered successively in 55-65 days, before by the end of November, finish listing;
The 3rd batch: crops for rotation and seedling,Source of seedling is to utilize the Chinese celery rhizome that stays after lancinating in gathering late October-mid-November, regulates to impel early by rich water and germinates,
Topdress in good time,Plot fertilising with the Chinese celery of having gathered, mu is executed the pig manure 950-1050 kilogram that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, topdresses 2~3 times in necessary for growth, and the one, during slice leaf of growth of seedling to 2~3, impose and once carry seed manure, execute 45% efficient compound fertilizer 27-33 kilogram for every mu, the 2nd, in vegetative period, the heavy dressing primary branch is fertile, every mu imposes 15~20 kilograms in urea, 5~8 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphates, the 3rd, mid or late Febuary in next year, mu imposes 10~15 kilograms in urea
Water layer management,Filled with thin water after the Chinese celery seeding in 5~7 days, short taking root, seeding 14~20 days, when reaching 8~10 centimetres, height of seedling drains the celery water in field, gently put the field 5~7 days, promote root system development, then answer 3~5 centimetres of shallow waters, seeding 30~35 days, when plant height reaches 13-17 centimetre, root system basically forms, fills with 5~7 centimetres of deep water, progressively adds profundal zone with plant strain growth, keep plant to surface 10~15 centimetres, enter that the Chinese celery growth stops after the winter, water layer is deepened to from blade tip 4-6 centimetre, when fine day turns warm after the winter progressively draining to normal water level;
The listing of gathering,The normal time of weather is in the early and middle ten days listing of gathering successively of next year late Febuary-March; If meet time warm winter, the listing of gathering successively mid or late January-February in next year.
Advantage of the present invention is: Chinese celery yield per unit area, benefit are doubled at double, simultaneously, have improved cropping index and land utilization rate.According to sample survey, multi-batch cress per mu yield Chinese celery 10200kg, it is single crops for rotation per mu yield Chinese celery 4500kg2.27 times, simultaneously, the output value per mu up to 22800 yuan about, be 2.92 times of 7800 yuan of single crops for rotation Chinese celery per mu yield values, more than 11000 yuan of benefit per mu is per mu 4500 yuan 2.44 times of single crops for rotation Chinese celery.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment:
Crops for rotation arrange and benefit
Crops for rotation arrange:First batch generally in seeding mid-July, and can gather mid-September in batches.Second batch in the late September seeding, and mid or late November can gather in batches.The 3rd batch in the mid or late November seeding, generally in the early and middle ten days listing of gathering successively of next year late Febuary-March.
Planting benefit (per mu yield meter):The first batch cress output 3000kg, 6000 yuan of benefits; The second batch cress output 3500kg, 2000 yuan of benefits; The 3rd batch cress output 3700kg, 3000 yuan of benefits; Three batch cress add up to 11000 yuan of benefits.
The plantation of the first batch cress
Crops for rotation and kind are selected:Chinese celery is generally in seeding mid-July, and can gather mid-September in batches.Should select fertile soil, the preserve moisture and fertility performance is good, irrigation and drainage easily shallow water field, low-lying land, be the best in excavation Chinese celery pond, the downstream of reservoir.Mainly select the long Bai Qin in Yangzhou of local (the Liuhe District mahatma of Jiangsu Province Chinese celery) or improvement etc. on the kind.
Site preparation and fertilization:Sow front 7~10 days, execute about 150 kilograms in about 2000 kilograms of high-quality fertilizers or cake fertilizer for every mu, then deep plough and upper bubble system.Row during preplanting treatment, 50~75 kilograms of every mu of sealing fertilizers require to reach the field face smooth, have built high ridge (height is more than 50 centimetres) all around, have perhaps dug planting bed, (depending on) thin water layer in the filling.
The scaffolding sunshade:Put up sunshade before seeding, can adopt the steelframe booth, or the built flat cover, built flat cover height must be controlled at about 1.5m, the convenient operation management, above covered with sunshade net.Because of the summur gale heavy rain more, so the skeleton of sunshade must be solid firmly, in order to avoid collapse.Select the sunshade net of shading rate more than 70% to be advisable.
The vernalization seeding:The first batch cress is generally in the early July vernalization of can choosing seeds.The kind strain of seed field is uprooped, select that cane is sturdy, even thickness, disease-free plant do kind of a strain, the not mature enough part of excision taper, manage kind of stem and lash, the shady and cool place of choosing intersects stacks, and covers grass, sooner or later respectively water once every day, keep moistening, cloudy day or the rainy day heap that should fall apart prevents the pile core heating, rots.When each joint axil bears new radical bud, when length reaches 1~2 centimetre, take out seedling and be put in the water, float and fall to rot leaf and get final product seeding.Seeding row spacing is generally 15 centimetres of 15 cm x, every mu of seeding 2500~3000 strains.As use planting seed, and just should first presoaking and germinating, carry out the seedbed, cultivate again field planting after strong sprout.
Water layer management:Should keep after the seeding that the field face is moistening and no water layer prevents that ponding and soil are dry and cracked.Such as heavy rain, should in time drain the water away, prevent that seedling is floating or it is mashed to macerate.When the new talent for the treatment of the axillalry bud germinating on most of female stems has taken root foliation, need draining gently put the field 1~2 day, to promote root system development, then fill with shallow water 3~5cm according to the plant size.But must accomplish that a day row fills with night, in order to avoid daytime, water temperature raise, might scald seedling.If excess Temperature, the mode that preferably adopts well water to arrange while filling with, purling cooling.
Topdress in good time:Chinese celery is short vegetative period, is using sufficient on the basis of base manure, and novel species Chinese celery field generally chases after fertilizer 2 times, namely imposes Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (15: 15: 15 or 16: 16: 16) 10~15kg when height of seedling 10cm, executes 1 time every 10 days again.Old Chinese celery field chases after Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 15kg when going out height of seedling 10cm and gets final product.Execute rear water hydro-peening or broom and gently sweep plant, cause fertilizer damage with the fertilizer that omits on leaf.
Diseases and pests controlling:The time of infertility aphid easily occuring and cause harm, with the person who has rendered outstanding service, kill that 1000-1500 times of liquid of chrysanthemum ester is anti-to eliminate aphis, prevents and treats cabbage caterpillar and prodenia litura with bitter tree alkali.
The listing of gathering:In first 40~50 days vegetative period of batch cress, if vegetative period is long, quality descends, and therefore will in time gather, and finishes listing before general September 20.Under the neat undercut of common available cutter, cleaning is organized into wisp and can goes on the market.
The plantation of the second batch cress
Crops for rotation and seedling:The rhizome that the Chinese celery of having gathered in the crops on September is downcut or should the stage in time " wear out " Chinese celery of (quality changes not edible) of results it is gathered from the field, carry out the vernalization processing.
Site preparation and fertilization:After the front stubble results, about 150 kilograms in about 1500 kilograms of high-quality fertilizers or cake fertilizer executed for every mu in the whole ground of application in time, and 50~75 kilograms of mu sealing fertilizers require to reach the field face smooth.
Water layer management:Germinate and control moisture during new seedling rooting, only keep the furrow face moistening, the depth of water layer should be followed shallow-Lu-shallow-dark principle.When height of seedling reaches 8~10 centimetres, drain the celery water in field, gently put the field 5~7 days, promote root system development, then answer 3~5 centimetres of shallow waters.About 30~35 days, when plant height reached 15 centimetres of left and right sides, root system basically formed in seeding, should fill with 5~7 centimetres of deep water.Progressively add profundal zone with plant strain growth, keep plant to surface 10~15 centimetres.
Topdress in good time:In process of growth, generally need to topdress 2 times.The one, during slice leaf of growth of seedling to 2~3, should suitably impose and once carry seed manure, execute 10~15 kilograms in urea for every mu.The 2nd, in vegetative period, the heavy dressing primary branch is fertile, and every mu imposes 15~20 kilograms in urea, 5~8 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphates.
Diseases and pests controlling:Tikka (spot is withered) disease and soft rot etc. easily occur mid-term in the growth of the second batch cress, the time of infertility aphid occur easily and cause harm.Generally when field planting, fill with pocket with 1000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin or 1000-times of liquid of DT bactericide, prevention soft rot, root rot.Leaf spot (spot blight) occurs vegetative period, but with can kill or the control of the clear 800-1000 of 75% bacterium times of liquid spray, with the person who has rendered outstanding service, kill 1000-1500 times of liquid of chrysanthemum ester and prevent eliminating aphis.
The listing of gathering:Generally can gather successively about 60 days after the seeding, as long as management is caught up with, general mid or late November can gather in the crops.
The plantation of the 3rd batch cress
Crops for rotation and seedling:Source of seedling is to utilize the Chinese celery rhizome that stays after lancinating in gathering late October-mid-November, regulates to impel early by rich water and germinates.
Topdress in good time:With the plot fertilising of the Chinese celery of having gathered, mu is executed the pig manure 1000kg that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed.In process of growth, generally need to topdress 2~3 times.The one, during slice leaf of growth of seedling to 2~3, should suitably impose and once carry seed manure, execute 45% efficient compound fertilizer 30kg for every mu.The 2nd, in vegetative period, the heavy dressing primary branch is fertile, and every mu imposes 15~20 kilograms in urea, 5~8 kilograms of potassium dihydrogen phosphates.The 3rd, mid or late Febuary in next year, mu imposes 10~15 kilograms in urea.
Water layer management:Be to fill with thin water after the Chinese celery seeding in 5~7 days, short taking root, seeding drained the celery water in field about 14~20 days when height of seedling reaches 8~10 centimetres, gently put the field 5~7 days, promoted root system development, then 3~5 centimetres of shallow waters again.About 30~35 days, when plant height reached 15 centimetres of left and right sides, root system basically formed in seeding, should fill with 5~7 centimetres of deep water.Progressively add profundal zone with plant strain growth, keep plant to surface 10~15 centimetres, both can promote plant strain growth, guaranteed that again photosynthesis normally carries out, and increased petiole and the softening delicate degree of leaves and stems, improve product quality.Enter that the Chinese celery growth stops after the winter, should add profundal zone, prevent frost, water layer can be deepened to from about 5 centimetres of blade tips, when fine day turns warm after the winter progressively draining to normal water level.
The listing of gathering:The normal time of weather is generally in the early and middle ten days listing of gathering successively of next year late Febuary-March; Run into time warm winter, as long as the listing of gathering successively general February mid or late January in next year is caught up with in management.