CN109511510B - Cultivation method for promoting one-year secondary growth and flowering of saxifraga stolonifera - Google Patents
Cultivation method for promoting one-year secondary growth and flowering of saxifraga stolonifera Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for promoting the one-year secondary growth and flowering of saxifraga stolonifera, which comprises the following steps: A. trimming: 1) trimming time: after the full-bloom period, when the flower amount is decreased and the plant leaves are yellow or withered, from the middle and last days of 7 months to the middle and last days of 8 months; 2) the stubble height: in the stage, stubble is left at a certain height; B. and (3) later-stage cultivation: 1) nutrient management: applying fertilizer after pruning, wherein the fertilizer application adopts compound fertilizer N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to; 2) pest control; 3) water level management: after pruning, the water level is lower than the stubble height of the plant between the first fertilization, or the dry and wet processes are alternately carried out, after watering, the water naturally falls dry, and then watering, fertilizing and pesticide application are carried out again; 4) and (5) flower promoting measures. The method is easy to implement, simple and convenient to operate, low in cost, quick in effect, capable of easily realizing the secondary growth and flowering of the saxifrage one year, capable of prolonging the ornamental period of the saxifrage, increasing the plant biomass, improving the decontamination capability and the purification effect, increasing the ornamental value and the ecological function of the saxifrage, and good in popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ornamental plant cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for promoting the one-year secondary growth and flowering of saxifraga stolonifera.
Background
Haloxylon ammodendron (Pontederia cordata L.) perennial emergent aquatic or wet herbaceous plants of the genus Haloxylon belonging to the family Pontederiaceae, native America. The plant height is 80-150cm, the stem and leaf of the ground are bushy, the petiole is green, the leaf is cylindrical, the leaf is large (the length can reach 25 cm, the width can reach 15 cm), the leaf is dark green, the leaf shape is variable, but the leaf is mostly in the shape of an inverted egg and is in the shape of a needle. The scape is upright and often higher than the leaf surface, the spike-shaped inflorescence grows at the top and grows for 5-20cm, each spike flower is more than 200 dense, a single flower is about 1cm in size, the upper two petals are bluish-purple with yellow spots, the diameter is about 10 mm, and the perianth is 6. The fruit is green at the initial stage and brown after ripening; the peel is hard, the seeds are oval, and the diameter is 1-2 mm. The flower and fruit period is 5-10 months.
The common saxifrage leaves are emerald green, the flower color is attractive, the flowering period is long, and the string purple flowers are under the contrast of the emerald green leaves, so that the special interest is provided, and the ornamental value is good. In addition, the multocida has super strong reproductive capacity, good adaptability, rapid growth and strong reproductive capacity, can cover a large water area or a wetland area in a short time, can be used for landscaping of a garden wetland, a waterside and a pond, and can also be used for potted plant ornamental; extensive management can be carried out after seedling formation, and diseases and insect pests are commonly rare. The method is widely used for garden engineering and household pot culture. Researches in recent years show that the mullet has good stain resistance and decontamination capability, effectively purifies eutrophic elements such as nitrogen and phosphorus in a water body and enriches pollutants such as chromium and arsenic, and can be applied to ecological restoration engineering of polluted water areas, such as ecological floating islands, artificial wetland sewage treatment systems and the like.
However, the growth period of the saxifrage in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river is 3 months to 10 months, the growth season is 4 months to 8 months, and after 9 months, the leaves begin to yellow and partially wither, and little or no flowers appear, thus seriously affecting the ornamental effect. The temperature in the middle and late 4 months of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river is closer to that in the upper 10 months, and the temperature is theoretically more suitable for secondary growth and flowering. Therefore, the ornamental period of the grass can be prolonged, the biomass of the plants can be improved, and the dirt-removing power and the purification efficiency of the grass of multocida can be improved. Through Chinese patent database search system query, no patent application or relevant literature publication for promoting the one-year secondary growth and flowering of the saxifraga is found at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of one-year secondary growth and blooming of the grass multocida, and aims to provide a cultivation method for promoting one-year secondary growth and blooming of the grass multocida, which is easy to implement, simple and convenient to operate, low in cost, quick in effect, capable of realizing one-year secondary growth and blooming of the grass multocida, capable of prolonging the viewing period of the grass multocida, increasing plant biomass, improving decontamination capability and purification effect, increasing viewing value and ecological function, and good in popularization.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a cultivation method for promoting the one-year secondary growth and flowering of saxifraga comprises the following steps:
and step 1, trimming.
1.1 pruning time. After the full-bloom period, when the flower amount is decreased and the plant leaves are yellow or withered, the period is from the middle and last ten days of 7 months to the middle and last ten days of 8 months, and the period is not more than 9 months and 1 day at latest.
1.2 the height of the stubble. The stubble at this stage is ensured to be 10-15 cm.
And 2, later-stage cultivation.
2.1 nutrient management. Applying fertilizer 1 time 15-25 days after pruning. The fertilizer is applied by using compound fertilizer, the total nutrient content of the compound fertilizer is N + P2O5+K2O≥51％，N：P2O5：K2O17: 17: 17, the dosage is 60-90 kg/ha;
2.2 pest control. Spraying 10% imidacloprid 4000-6000-fold liquid for 1 time to prevent aphids, and spraying 40% chlorpyrifos 800-fold liquid for 1 time to prevent prodenia litura;
and 2.3 managing the water level. The water level is required to be ensured to be lower than the stubble height of the plants between the time of pruning and the time of first fertilization. Then the water level is kept below 30cm, or the water is alternately wetted and dried, namely the water is irrigated for 30cm, then naturally dried, and then the water is irrigated again. The water level is ensured to be between 10 and 30cm when the fertilizer and the pesticide are applied;
2.4 flower promoting measures. Spraying gibberellin solution of 30mg/L for 1 time 7-10 days after pruning; spraying 50mg/L gibberellin solution for 1 time 20-25 days after pruning to promote plant growth, flower ear elongation and flower bud differentiation.
Through the technical measures, the mullet enters a secondary growth period, enters a secondary leaf-watching period after being trimmed for about 10-15 days, flowers for the second time after being trimmed for about 15-30 days, and enters a secondary full-bloom period after being trimmed for about 30-45 days.
The invention has the innovation point that the technical idea of adopting pruning measures to promote the secondary growth and flowering of the saxifraga once a year is innovatively proposed by utilizing the characteristic of super strong reproductive capacity of the saxifraga, and the problems of yellowing of leaves, partial withering, little or no flowers and poor ornamental effect of the saxifraga after 9 months and 10 months are solved. The technical difficulty of the invention lies in that the grass of multocida must be pruned in a proper time period and subjected to later cultivation and maintenance including nutrient management, pest and disease damage management, water level management, flower promoting measures and the like, so that the grass of multocida can grow and bloom for two times in one year, the ornamental period of the grass of multocida is prolonged, the biomass of plants is increased, the decontamination capability and the purification effect are improved, and the ornamental value and the ecological function are increased.
The method is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate, low in cost, quick in effect, capable of easily achieving the purpose of twice growth and blooming of the mullet every year, and good in popularization.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1) the green leaf period and the flowering period of the mullein are obviously increased, the ornamental period of the mullein is prolonged, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river can be prolonged to the beginning of 12 months at the bottom of 11 months, the ornamental value of the mullein is obviously enhanced, and particularly, the blank period of filling aquatic flowers is prolonged within 9-11 months;
2) the biomass of ground plants is obviously increased, the decontamination capability and the purification effect of the plants are effectively improved, and the ecological effect is obviously enhanced.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, which are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The method is implemented in a saxifrage planting pond in a special type garden of a Wuhan botanical garden of Chinese academy of sciences. Plants in one planting pond were left untreated in the garden as a control.
Example 1:
a cultivation method for promoting the one-year secondary growth and flowering of saxifraga comprises the following steps:
and step 1, trimming.
1.1 pruning time. Trimming was completed around 7 months and 25 days.
1.2 the height of the stubble. The height of the stubble is about 10 cm.
And 2, later-stage cultivation.
2.1 nutrient management. Compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time 15 days after pruning. Adopting compound fertilizer, the total nutrient content of the compound fertilizer is N + P2O5+K2O≥51％，N：P2O5：K2O17: 17: 17, in an amount of 90 kg/ha.
2.2 pest control. Spraying 10% imidacloprid 6000-fold liquid for 1 time to prevent aphids, and spraying 40% chlorpyrifos 800-fold liquid for 1 time to prevent prodenia litura.
And 2.3 managing the water level. The water level is required to be ensured to be lower than the stubble height of the plants, namely about 10cm, between the time of pruning and the time of first fertilization. Then the water level is kept below 30cm, or the water is alternately wetted and dried, namely the water is irrigated for 30cm, then naturally dried, and then the water is irrigated again. Care should be taken to ensure that the water level is between 10-30cm during fertilization and pesticide application.
2.4 flower promoting measures. Spraying gibberellin solution of 30mg/L for 1 time 7 days after pruning; spraying gibberellin solution of 50mg/L for 1 time 20 days after pruning to promote plant growth, flower ear elongation and flower bud differentiation.
Through the technical measures, the trimmed mullet enters the leaf observation period within 5 days of 8 months, flowers within 14 days of 8 months, and enters the full-bloom period within 30 days of 8 months. The sum of the green leaf period, the flowering period, the full-bloom period and the single-bag biomass before and after pruning is counted to be 215 days, 154 days, 86 days and 1016.8 grams respectively. And the green leaf period, the flowering period, the full-bloom period and the single-bag biomass of the other untreated traditional cultivation method areas in the garden are 196 days, 118 days, 50 days and 765.6 grams respectively. The green leaf period, the flowering period, the full-bloom period and the single-bag biomass of the showy grass after pruning are respectively increased by 9%, 30%, 72% and 32% compared with the traditional method. Thus, the effect is remarkable.
Example 2:
a cultivation method for promoting the one-year secondary growth and flowering of saxifraga comprises the following steps:
and step 1, trimming.
1.1 pruning time. Trimming is completed around 8 months and 15 days.
1.2 the height of the stubble. The stubble is kept about 10 cm.
And 2, later-stage cultivation.
2.1 nutrient management. Compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time 20 days after pruning. Adopting compound fertilizer, the total nutrient content of the compound fertilizer is N + P2O5+K2O≥51％，N：P2O5：K2O17: 17: 17 in an amount of 90 kg/ha.
2.2 pest control. Spraying 10% imidacloprid 5000-fold liquid for 1 time to prevent aphids, and spraying 40% chlorpyrifos 900-fold liquid for 1 time to prevent prodenia litura.
And 2.3 managing the water level. The water level is required to be ensured to be lower than the stubble height of the plants, namely 10cm, between the time of pruning and the time of first fertilization. Then the water level is kept below 30cm, or the water is alternately wetted and dried, namely the water is irrigated for 30cm, then naturally dried, and then the water is irrigated again. Care should be taken to ensure that the water level is between 10-30cm during fertilization and pesticide application.
2.4 flower promoting measures. Spraying gibberellin solution of 30mg/L for 1 time 8 days after pruning; spraying gibberellin solution of 50mg/L for 1 time 20 days after pruning to promote plant growth, flower ear elongation and flower bud differentiation.
Through the technical measures, the trimmed mullet enters the foliage observing period within 27 days of 8 months, flowers within 9 months and enters the full-bloom period within 25 days of 9 months. The sum of the green leaf period, the flowering period, the full-bloom period and the single-bag biomass before and after pruning is counted as 216 days, 158 days, 76 days and 928.1 grams respectively. And the green leaf period, the flowering period, the full-bloom period and the single-bag biomass of the other untreated traditional cultivation method areas in the garden are 196 days, 118 days, 50 days and 765.6 grams respectively. The green leaf period, the flowering period, the full-bloom period and the single-bag biomass of the showy grass after pruning are respectively increased by 10%, 33%, 52% and 21% compared with the traditional method. Thus, the effect is remarkable.
Example 3:
a cultivation method for promoting the one-year secondary growth and flowering of saxifraga comprises the following steps:
and step 1, trimming.
1.1 pruning time. Trimming is completed in about 8 months and 30 days.
1.2 the height of the stubble. The stubble is ensured to be about 15 cm.
And 2, later-stage cultivation.
2.1 nutrient management. Compound fertilizer is applied for 1 time 25 days after pruning. Adopting compound fertilizer, the total nutrient content of the compound fertilizer is N + P2O5+K2O≥51％，N：P2O5：K2O17: 17: 17, in an amount of 60 kg/ha.
2.2 pest control. Spraying 10% imidacloprid 4000-fold liquid for 1 time to prevent aphids, and spraying 40% chlorpyrifos 800-fold liquid for 1 time to prevent prodenia litura.
And 2.3 managing the water level. The water level is required to be ensured to be lower than the stubble height of the plants, namely 15cm, between the time of pruning and the time of first fertilization. Then the water level is kept below 30cm, or the water is alternately wetted and dried, namely the water is irrigated for 30cm, then naturally dried, and then the water is irrigated again. Care should be taken to ensure that the water level is between 10-30cm during fertilization and pesticide application.
2.4 flower promoting measures. Spraying gibberellin solution of 30mg/L for 1 time 10 days after pruning; and spraying gibberellin solution of 50mg/L for 1 time 25 days after pruning to promote plant growth, flower spike elongation and flower bud differentiation.
Through the technical measures, the trimmed mullet enters the foliage stage in 14 days in 9 months, blooms in 26 days in 9 months, and enters the full-bloom stage in 15 days in 10 months. The sum of the green leaf period, the flowering period, the full-bloom period and the single-bag biomass before and after pruning is counted to be 214 days, 157 days, 67 days and 914.4 grams respectively. And the green leaf period, the flowering period, the full-bloom period and the single-bag biomass of the other untreated traditional cultivation method areas in the garden are 196 days, 118 days, 50 days and 765.6 grams respectively. The green leaf period, the flowering period, the full-bloom period and the single-bag biomass of the showy grass after pruning are respectively increased by 9 percent, 33 percent, 34 percent and 19 percent compared with the traditional method. Thus, the effect is remarkable.
Statistics were made on the green leaf stage, flowering time, and plant biomass of the saxifrage cultivated according to the methods of examples 1 to 3, and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 statistics of green leaf stage, flowering time and biomass of single-pocket plants of saxifrage in accordance with the cultivation method of the present invention
Remarking: the statistics of the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 of the invention are the sum of the time of the two growth periods of the mullet and the sum of the plant biomass; the traditional cultivation method is one-time growth period and plant biomass.
In conclusion, the green leaf period, the flowering period and the full-bloom period of the saxifrage cultivated by the cultivation method in the embodiment 1-3 are at least improved by 9%, 30% and 34% compared with the traditional method, and the ornamental effect is obviously improved. The biomass of the single-pocket plant of the saxifrage cultivated by the method is at least increased by 19 percent compared with the biomass of the single-pocket plant cultivated by the traditional method, and the ecological benefit of the aquatic plant is also increased to a certain extent.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed, it is not intended to be limited to the details of construction and to the arrangements shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features herein disclosed.
Claims (1)
1. A cultivation method for promoting the one-year secondary growth and flowering of saxifraga comprises the following steps:
A. trimming:
1) trimming time: after the full-bloom period, when the flower amount is decreased and the plant leaves are yellow or withered, the number of days is not more than 9 and 1 in the middle and last days of 7 to 8 months;
2) the stubble height: the stubble is remained at 10-15cm in the stage;
B. and (3) later-stage cultivation:
1) nutrient management: applying fertilizer for 1 time 15-25 days after pruning, wherein the fertilizer is compound fertilizer N + P2O5+K2O is more than or equal to 51 percent, and the dosage is 60-90 kg/ha;
2) and (3) pest control: spraying 10% imidacloprid 4000-6000-fold liquid for 1 time to prevent aphids, and spraying 40% chlorpyrifos 800-fold liquid for 1 time to prevent prodenia litura;
3) water level management: after pruning, the water level is lower than the stubble height of the plant between the first fertilization, then the water level is below 30cm, or the dry and wet processes are alternately carried out, the water naturally falls after 30cm of irrigation, then the water is irrigated again, and the water level is between 10 and 30cm during fertilization and pesticide application;
4) flower promoting measures are as follows: spraying gibberellin solution of 30mg/L for 1 time 7-10 days after pruning; spraying 50mg/L gibberellin solution for 1 time 20-25 days after pruning to promote plant growth, flower ear elongation and flower bud differentiation.
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| CN103355077A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2013-10-23 | 南京市六合区大圣水芹专业合作社 | Deep-water multi-cropping cultivation method for water fennel |
| CN104982177A (en) * | 2015-06-15 | 2015-10-21 | 柳州市盛鑫隆花卉种植专业合作社 | Violet plantation method |
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