CN107873209B - Flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under drip irrigation condition - Google Patents
Flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under drip irrigation condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN107873209B CN107873209B CN201711161761.5A CN201711161761A CN107873209B CN 107873209 B CN107873209 B CN 107873209B CN 201711161761 A CN201711161761 A CN 201711161761A CN 107873209 B CN107873209 B CN 107873209B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
- A01G25/02—Watering arrangements located above the soil which make use of perforated pipe-lines or pipe-lines with dispensing fittings, e.g. for drip irrigation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
Abstract
The invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under a drip irrigation condition, which comprises the following steps: 1) drip irrigation conditions: the flue-cured tobacco is irrigated by adopting a drip irrigation mode, wherein the root extending period is as follows: drip irrigation for 2 times 10-30 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 0.8-1.6L per plant; flourishing for a long time: drip irrigation for 3 times 30-60 days after transplanting, wherein the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 1.2-2.4L per plant; and (3) mature period: after transplanting, maturing within 60 days, carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2 times, and controlling the drip irrigation quantity to be 0.4-0.8L per plant; 2) fertilizing: applying a base fertilizer and then performing additional fertilizer, wherein the base fertilizer additional ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to be 3: 7-5: 5. According to the water requirement characteristic of the flue-cured tobacco, the invention creates a suitable water environment for the flue-cured tobacco, and simultaneously adjusts the fertilizer, the fertilizer application mode and the fertilizer application amount under the condition, thereby realizing the improvement of the yield and the quality of the flue-cured tobacco, reducing the fertilizer consumption, having simple method and being convenient for the expanded popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco cultivation, and particularly relates to a flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under a drip irrigation condition.
Background
The drip irrigation technique is a water-saving irrigation mode, in which water is pressurized by a pipeline system, enters the branch pipes from the main pipe and enters the capillary pipes from the branch pipes, and is delivered to the root system development area of tobacco plants regularly and quantitatively. On one hand, although a new idea is provided for solving the water and fertilizer coordination management and fertilizer reduction in the drought period in the tobacco production by the rise of the water-saving irrigation technology represented by the drip irrigation technology in the large agriculture, the technical basis of the fertilization under the drip irrigation in the current tobacco production is weak, and the support of related technical parameters is lacked. The proper drip irrigation quantity and the drip irrigation frequency of the flue-cured tobacco are still to be researched. On the other hand, at present, the research reports on the appropriate fertilization mode and fertilization amount of flue-cured tobacco under the condition of drip irrigation are few, the conclusion is not clear, and the production guidance is not strong.
Therefore, a flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under the drip irrigation condition needs to be invented.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under a drip irrigation condition.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following steps:
1) drip irrigation conditions: the flue-cured tobacco is irrigated by adopting a drip irrigation mode, the drip irrigation quantity of the flue-cured tobacco in the whole growth process from 10 days after transplantation to maturity is controlled to be 2.4-4.8L per plant, wherein,
root extension stage: drip irrigation for 2 times 10-30 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 0.8-1.6L per plant;
flourishing for a long time: drip irrigation for 3 times 30-60 days after transplanting, wherein the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 1.2-2.4L per plant;
and (3) mature period: after transplanting, maturing within 60 days, carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2 times, and controlling the drip irrigation quantity to be 0.4-0.8L per plant;
2) fertilizing: the applied fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer and potassium nitrate for tobacco, and the fertilizing method comprises the steps of firstly applying a base fertilizer and then performing additional fertilization, wherein the base additional fertilization ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to be 3: 7-5: 5.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the drip irrigation method is scientific and appropriate in drip irrigation amount, the tobacco leaves are excellent in economic characters, highest in chemical component coordination, low in sugar difference between two sugars, appropriate in nicotine content and about 1.0 in nitrogen-alkali ratio under the condition of the drip irrigation amount, and meanwhile, the drip irrigation technology can remarkably reduce water consumption for field production and has a yield increasing effect.
2. According to the invention, by researching the fertilizer dosage and the application mode thereof under the drip irrigation condition, the fertilizer dosage can be reduced by 10-30% under the condition that the influences on the growth and development of the flue-cured tobacco, the economic character and the chemical quality of the tobacco leaves are basically not influenced under the drip irrigation condition, so that the fertilizer dosage is greatly reduced, the cost is reduced, and the environment-friendly effect is realized.
3. The method of the invention has certain promotion effect on the yield value of tobacco leaves and the proportion of middle and high grade tobacco.
4. According to the water requirement characteristic of the flue-cured tobacco, the invention creates a suitable water environment for the flue-cured tobacco, and simultaneously adjusts the fertilizer, the fertilizer application mode and the fertilizer application amount under the condition, thereby realizing the improvement of the yield and the quality of the flue-cured tobacco, reducing the fertilizer consumption, having simple method and being convenient for the expanded popularization.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under the drip irrigation condition comprises the following steps:
1) drip irrigation conditions: the flue-cured tobacco is irrigated by adopting a drip irrigation mode, the drip irrigation quantity of the flue-cured tobacco in the whole growth process from 10 days after transplantation to maturity is controlled to be 2.4-4.8L per plant, wherein,
root extension stage: drip irrigation for 2 times 10-30 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 0.8-1.6L per plant;
flourishing for a long time: drip irrigation for 3 times 30-60 days after transplanting, wherein the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 1.2-2.4L per plant;
and (3) mature period: after transplanting, maturing within 60 days, carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2 times, and controlling the drip irrigation quantity to be 0.4-0.8L per plant;
2) fertilizing: the applied fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer and potassium nitrate for tobacco, and the fertilizing method comprises the steps of firstly applying a base fertilizer and then performing additional fertilization, wherein the base additional fertilization ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to be 3: 7-5: 5.
The flue-cured tobacco is Yunyan 116, K326 or Yunyan 97.
The drip irrigation amount in the root extending period is 1.2L per plant.
The drip irrigation amount in the vigorous growth period is 1.8L per plant.
The drip irrigation amount in the mature period is 0.6L per plant.
The application amount of the fertilizer in the step (2) is 6-9 kg N/mu.
The fertilizing method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: after soil preparation, ditching and ridging, wherein the ridge height is 25-30 cm, after digging a pond, on the day of tobacco plant transplantation, before transplantation, placing part of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco in the middle of the tobacco pond according to the nitrogen fertilizer base ratio, fully mixing with pond soil, and then transplanting.
The frequency of topdressing is 2, specifically, potassium nitrate is watered and applied 7-10 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and the residual special compound fertilizer for tobacco is applied in a ring or hole mode 30-35 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted.
The application amount of the potassium nitrate is 1-3 kg/mu.
The special compound fertilizer for tobacco is N: P2O5:K2O =15∶5∶25、N:P2O5:K2O =15∶15∶18、N:P2O5:K2O = any of 14: 8: 24.
Example 1
A flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under a drip irrigation condition comprises the following steps:
the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is Yunyan 116;
1) drip irrigation conditions: the flue-cured tobacco is irrigated by adopting a drip irrigation mode, wherein,
root extension stage: drip irrigation for 2 times 10-30 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 1.2L per plant;
flourishing for a long time: drip irrigation for 3 times 30-60 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 1.8L per plant;
and (3) mature period: after transplanting, maturing within 60 days, carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2 times, and controlling the drip irrigation quantity to be 0.6L per plant;
2) fertilizing: the applied fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer and potassium nitrate for tobacco, the application amount is 7kg N/mu, the application method comprises the steps of applying base fertilizer firstly and then performing topdressing, and the base topdressing ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to be 4: 6.
The fertilizing method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: after land preparation, ditching and ridging, the ridge height is 26cm, after pond digging, on the day of tobacco plant transplantation, before transplantation, special compound tobacco is prepared according to the nitrogen fertilizer base ratioThe fertilizer is placed in the middle of the tobacco pond to be fully mixed with the pond soil and then transplanted to obtain the fertilizer; the frequency of topdressing is 2, specifically, potassium nitrate is watered and applied for 2 kg/mu 8 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and the residual special compound fertilizer for tobacco is applied in a ring or hole mode 31 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted. The special compound fertilizer for tobacco is N: P2O5:K2O =15∶5∶25。
Example 2
A flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under a drip irrigation condition comprises the following steps:
the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is K326;
1) drip irrigation conditions: the flue-cured tobacco is irrigated by adopting a drip irrigation mode, wherein,
root extension stage: drip irrigation for 2 times 10-30 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 0.8L per plant;
flourishing for a long time: drip irrigation for 3 times 30-60 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 1.2L per plant;
and (3) mature period: after transplanting, after 60 days, the seedlings are matured, drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time, and the drip irrigation quantity is controlled to be 0.4L per plant;
2) fertilizing: the applied fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer and potassium nitrate for tobacco, the application amount is 6kg N/mu, the application method is to apply base fertilizer first and then carry out topdressing, and the base topdressing ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to be 3: 7.
The fertilizing method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: after soil preparation, ditching and ridging, wherein the ridge height is 25cm, after digging a pond, on the day of tobacco plant transplantation, before transplantation, a part of special compound fertilizer for tobacco is placed in the middle of a tobacco pond according to the nitrogen fertilizer base ratio, is fully mixed with pond soil and then is transplanted; the frequency of topdressing is 2, specifically, potassium nitrate is watered and applied for 1 kg/mu in 7 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and the residual special compound fertilizer for tobacco is applied in a ring or a hole mode in 30 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted. The special compound fertilizer for tobacco is N: P2O5:K2O =15∶15∶18。
Example 3
A flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under a drip irrigation condition comprises the following steps:
the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is Yunyan 97;
1) drip irrigation conditions: the flue-cured tobacco is irrigated by adopting a drip irrigation mode, wherein,
root extension stage: drip irrigation for 2 times 10-30 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 1.6L per plant;
flourishing for a long time: drip irrigation for 3 times 30-60 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 2.4L per plant;
and (3) mature period: after transplanting, after 60 days, the seedlings are mature, drip irrigation is carried out for 2 times, and the drip irrigation quantity is controlled to be 0.8L per plant;
2) fertilizing: the applied fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer and potassium nitrate for tobacco, the application amount is 9kg N/mu, the application method comprises the steps of applying a base fertilizer first and then performing topdressing, and the base topdressing ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to be 5: 5.
The fertilizing method of the base fertilizer comprises the following steps: after soil preparation, ditching and ridging, wherein the ridge height is 30cm, after digging a pond, on the day of tobacco plant transplantation, before transplantation, a part of special compound fertilizer for tobacco is placed in the middle of a tobacco pond according to the nitrogen fertilizer base ratio, is fully mixed with pond soil and then is transplanted; the frequency of topdressing is 2, specifically, 1-3 kg/mu of potassium nitrate is watered and applied in 10 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and the residual special compound fertilizer for tobacco is applied in a ring or hole mode 35 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted. The special compound fertilizer for tobacco is N: P2O5:K2O =14∶8∶24。
Example 4
A flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under a drip irrigation condition comprises the following steps:
1) drip irrigation conditions: the flue-cured tobacco is irrigated by adopting a drip irrigation mode, wherein,
root extension stage: drip irrigation for 2 times 10-30 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 1.2L per plant;
flourishing for a long time: drip irrigation for 3 times 30-60 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 1.8L per plant;
and (3) mature period: after transplanting, after 60 days, the seedlings are matured, drip irrigation is carried out for 1 time, and the drip irrigation quantity is controlled to be 0.6L per plant;
2) fertilizing: applying base fertilizer firstly, then performing additional fertilizer, and controlling the base-to-additional ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to be 3: 7;
the base fertilizer is 15 kg/mu (N: P) of special compound fertilizer for tobacco2O5:K2O =15∶5∶25）。
The additional fertilizerThe frequency of the method is 2 times, in particular to 2kg/667m of potassium nitrate which is watered by adding water 7 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted2 Circularly applying 33 kg/mu of special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco 30 days after transplanting tobacco seedlings2O5:K2O =15∶5∶25）。
The variety of the flue-cured tobacco is Yunyan 116.
Example 5
A flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under a drip irrigation condition comprises the following steps:
1) drip irrigation conditions: the flue-cured tobacco is irrigated by adopting a drip irrigation mode, wherein,
root extension stage: drip irrigation for 2 times 10-30 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 0.8L per plant;
flourishing for a long time: drip irrigation for 3 times 30-60 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 1.2L per plant;
and (3) mature period: after transplanting, after 60 days, ripening, carrying out drip irrigation for 2 times, and controlling the drip irrigation quantity to be 0.4L per plant;
2) fertilizing: applying base fertilizer firstly, then performing additional fertilizer, and controlling the base additional ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to be 5: 5;
the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer special for tobacco of 26.7 kg/mu (N: P)2O5:K2O =15∶15∶18）。
The fertilizing method of the base fertilizer comprises the steps of after land preparation, ditching and ridging, wherein the ridge height is 25cm, after pond digging and on the same day before tobacco plants are transplanted, the special compound fertilizer for the tobacco is placed in the middle of a tobacco pond and is fully and uniformly mixed with pond soil, and then transplanting is carried out.
The frequency of top dressing is 2, in particular to watering and applying 3kg/667m of potassium nitrate 10 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted2And applying 23.2 kg/mu of special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco in a hole manner 35 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted2O5:K2O =15∶15∶18）。
The variety of the flue-cured tobacco is K326.
Example 6
A flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under a drip irrigation condition comprises the following steps:
1) drip irrigation conditions: the flue-cured tobacco is irrigated by adopting a drip irrigation mode, wherein,
root extension stage: drip irrigation for 2 times 10-30 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 1.6L per plant;
flourishing for a long time: drip irrigation for 3 times 30-60 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 2.4L per plant;
and (3) mature period: after transplanting, maturing within 60 days, carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2 times, and controlling the drip irrigation quantity to be 0.8L per plant;
2) fertilizing: applying base fertilizer first, then performing additional fertilizer, and controlling the base-to-additional ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer to be 4: 6;
the base fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer for tobacco 19.6 kg/mu (N: P)2O5:K2O =15∶5∶25）。
The frequency of top dressing is 2, in particular to 2kg/667m potassium nitrate watered with water 8 days after the tobacco seedling transplantation2And applying tobacco special compound fertilizer 29.4 kg/mu (N: P) circularly 32 days after transplanting tobacco seedlings2O5:K2O =15∶5∶25）。
The variety of the flue-cured tobacco is Yunyan 116 or K326.
Example 7
A flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under a drip irrigation condition comprises the following steps:
1) drip irrigation conditions: the flue-cured tobacco is irrigated by adopting a drip irrigation mode, the drip irrigation quantity of the flue-cured tobacco in the whole growth process from 10 days after transplantation to maturity is controlled to be 2.4-4.8L per plant, wherein,
root extension stage: drip irrigation for 2 times 10-30 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 0.8-1.6L per plant;
flourishing for a long time: drip irrigation for 3 times 30-60 days after transplanting, wherein the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 1.2-2.4L per plant;
and (3) mature period: after transplanting, maturing within 60 days, carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2 times, and controlling the drip irrigation quantity to be 0.4-0.8L per plant;
2) fertilizing: applying a base fertilizer, and then performing additional fertilization, wherein the base fertilization ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to be 3: 7-5: 5;
the base fertilizer is 11.8 kg/mu (N: P) of special compound fertilizer for tobacco2O5:K2O =14∶8∶24）。
The fertilizing method of the base fertilizer comprises the steps of after land preparation, ditching and ridging, wherein the ridge height is 30cm, after pond digging and on the same day before tobacco plant transplanting, the special compound fertilizer for the tobacco is placed in the middle of a tobacco pond and is fully and uniformly mixed with pond soil, and then transplanting is carried out.
The frequency of top dressing is 2, in particular to 3kg/667m potassium nitrate watered with water after 9 days of tobacco seedling transplantation2And applying tobacco special compound fertilizer 26.6 kg/mu (N: P) in 34 days after tobacco seedling transplantation2O5:K2O =14∶8∶24）。
The variety of the flue-cured tobacco is Yunyan 97.
Experimental example 1 study on suitable drip irrigation quantity of flue-cured tobacco
1.1 materials and methods
1.1.1 general description of the test
The tests were conducted in the areas of dajing, luohang county (mamo town kentucky village) and chu-xiong city (dong hua committee village, east huan town).
1.1.2 test materials
Flue-cured tobacco varieties are Yunyan 116 (Qujing Luliang) and K326 (Chuxiong), respectively.
1.1.3 test methods
The test was run against conventional irrigation and treatments were set up as per the following table, each treating approximately 200 cigarettes.
The nitrogen application amount of the yeast and Jing test point is 7.5 kgN/mu, wherein the base fertilizer nitrogen accounts for 30 percent, and the top dressing nitrogen accounts for 70 percent. Transplanting flue-cured tobacco in 25 days in 4 months, applying 15 kg/mu (N: P) of special compound fertilizer for tobacco as base fertilizer2O5:K2O =15: 5: 25), the first additional fertilizer is applied in 5 months and 2 days, the method is to pour 2kg/667m of potassium nitrate by adding water2Applying 33 kg/mu of special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco in 5 months and 25 days in a ring for the second time2O5:K2O =15∶5∶25）。
The nitrogen application amount of the Chuxiong test point is 8.0 kgN/mu, wherein the base fertilizer nitrogen accounts for 50%, and the top dressing nitrogen accounts for 50%. Transplanting flue-cured tobacco in 4 days in 5 months, applying 26.7 kg/mu (N: P) of compound fertilizer special for tobacco as base fertilizer2O5:K2O =15: 18), the first additional fertilizer is applied in 5 months and 14 days, the method is to pour 3kg/667m of potassium nitrate by adding water2Applying 23.2 kg/mu of special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco in holes at 25 days in 5 months for the second time2O5:K2O =15∶15∶18）。
Other field management measures are carried out according to local high-quality tobacco production technology.
Table 1 table of processing settings
1.1.4 items and methods of measurement
And (3) checking the growth period: recording the time of each processed tobacco plant reaching the stem, vigorous growth, bud emergence, topping and maturation period; agricultural character survey: selecting 3 tobacco plants which can represent the growth vigor of the tobacco plant to be treated, and measuring the number of leaves, the height of the plants, the stem circumference, the length of the leaves and the width of the leaves 1 day before topping; production quality survey and tobacco leaf sample: and investigating the output value of each treatment after roasting.
1.1.5 statistical analysis
Conventional data integrity analysis was performed using Excel 2010, data analysis of variance and correlation analysis were performed by SPSS (12.0) statistical software.
1.2 results and analysis
1.2.1 Effect of different drip irrigation amounts on the growth period of flue-cured tobacco
As can be seen from the table 2, the tobacco leaf maturation time of the tobacco leaf in the bud stage, the capping stage and each part of the tobacco leaf maturation time of the Qujing Luliang test of drip irrigation of 1200ml and the tobacco leaf maturation time of 6000ml are 1-3 days earlier than that of the conventional irrigation treatment and 2-5 days earlier than that of the non-fertilization contrast treatment; the bud treatment period, the capping period and the tobacco leaf maturation time of each part of 2400ml drop irrigation are delayed by 2-3 days compared with the conventional irrigation treatment, the bud treatment period is delayed by 2 days compared with the fertilization contrast treatment, the capping period and the lower shed waist leaf maturation time are advanced by 1 day compared with the fertilization contrast treatment, and the upper shed maturation time is delayed by 7 days compared with the fertilization contrast treatment.
The growth period survey of flue-cured tobacco at the Chuxiong test point is shown in table 3, and when the test is carried out on transplanting in 5 months and 4 days and the conventional irrigation treatment and the non-fertilization contrast treatment are carried out for management, the tobacco plants are clustered, flourishing and growing, and the bud period is 3-6 days earlier than other treatments. The growth period of the tobacco plants in the growth period has little difference among different drip irrigation amount treatment rooms.
TABLE 2 investigation of the growth period of tobacco plants treated at the Trijing Lourg test site
TABLE 3 Chuxiong test Point growth period survey of tobacco plants treated in each
1.2.2 Effect of different drip irrigation amounts on agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco
As can be seen from table 4, the agronomic performance of the tobacco plants treated with fertilizer at each test point of shangjing good was superior to that of the tobacco plants treated without fertilizer. Wherein, the maximum leaf width and the maximum leaf area reach a significant level (P < 0.05). The value of each agronomic characteristic parameter of the tobacco plant has no obvious difference (P is more than 0.05) except the average leaf area among different drip irrigation amount treatments, and the leaf area is the largest when treated by 1200 mL.
The agronomic characters of Chuxiong tobacco plants are investigated and shown in the table 5, and it can be seen from the table that the agronomic characters of the tobacco plants treated by each fertilizer application are superior to those of the tobacco plants treated by the control treatment without the fertilizer application. The difference of the parameter values of various agronomic characters of tobacco plants is small between different drip irrigation quantity treatments, and the plant height is most similar to that of the conventional irrigation when 1200mL of tobacco plants are treated.
TABLE 4 agricultural traits of each treated flue-cured tobacco maturity stage of the Qujing test point
Note: different lower case letters after the same column of data indicate that the difference is significant (P < 0.05), as follows.
TABLE 5 Chuxiong test points agronomic traits of cured tobacco in mature period of each treatment
1.2.3 influence of different drip irrigation amounts on economic properties of flue-cured tobacco
As can be seen from table 6, the economic trait parameter values of the flue-cured tobacco subjected to the irrigation treatment at the qujing terrene good test point are superior to those of the non-fertilization control treatment, wherein the yield per mu, the yield per mu value, the medium tobacco proportion and the single leaf weight are optimal when the treatment is carried out by using 1200mL and 4800mL of drip irrigation and the treatment is carried out by using 6000mL of drip irrigation, and the treatment is better than the conventional irrigation treatment and the non-fertilization control treatment.
The results of Chuxiong yield quality survey are shown in table 7, and the acre yield, yield value, upper equal tobacco ratio and single-leaf weight average of the tobacco leaves subjected to drip irrigation treatment are higher than those of tobacco leaves subjected to conventional irrigation treatment; in the treatment of different drip irrigation amounts, the yield and the output value are both high when 1200mL of drip irrigation is carried out, the weight of a single leaf is large, the economic character of the tobacco leaves tends to be good along with the increase of the irrigation amount from 2400mL to 4800mL, and the economic character of the tobacco leaves declines to 6000 mL.
Table 6 economic traits of each processing flue-cured tobacco at the jig-saw test point
TABLE 7 economic traits of each treatment of flue-cured tobacco at Chuxiong test points
1.2.4 Effect of different drip irrigation amounts on chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco
The main chemical component content of the middle tobacco leaves in each treating section of the Jingjing upland good test point is basically in the chemical component content range of the high-quality tobacco leaves. Wherein, with the increase of the drip irrigation quantity, the contents of total sugar and reducing sugar in the middle leaves gradually decrease, the total nitrogen and nicotine gradually increase, and the starch, the difference of two sugars and the nitrogen-alkali ratio slightly decrease.
The main chemical component content of the tobacco leaves in each treatment part of the Chuxiong test point is basically in the range of the chemical component content of the high-quality tobacco leaves. Wherein, with the increase of the drip irrigation quantity, the difference of two sugars in the middle leaves has the trend of gradually decreasing, and the total nitrogen and the nicotine have the trend of gradually increasing, and the result is basically consistent with the test result of Jingjing.
TABLE 8 content of main chemical components of middle leaves (C3F) of each treated flue-cured tobacco at the Trijing test point
TABLE 9 content of main chemical component of middle leaf (C3F) of each treated flue-cured tobacco at Chuxiong test point
The following results were obtained in test example 1 of the present invention: compared with conventional fertigation, the invention has certain promotion effect on the yield value of tobacco leaves and the proportion of middle and upper grade tobacco. Wherein, the treatment 5 (the drip irrigation amount is 4.8L/plant) is relatively better, compared with the conventional control, the tobacco yield is increased by 12.4-46.5%, and the middle-grade and high-grade tobacco proportion is increased by 5%.
Test example 2-study of suitable base-topdressing ratio for fertilization of drip irrigation flue-cured tobacco
2.1 materials and methods
2.1.1 general description of the test
The tests were conducted in qujing continental county (mamo town kennel village), qujing teacher district (kunzhai village in kunshan town li family) and chu-xiong city (dong hua town dong hua committee village), respectively.
2.1.2 test materials
Flue-cured tobacco varieties are respectively Yunyan 116 (Qujing Luliang), Yunyan 97 (Qujing Laudo) and K326 (Chuxiong).
2.1.3 test methods
The following treatments (see table 10) were set up under drip irrigation conditions (4.8L/strain throughout the life), each treating approximately 200 cigarettes.
The nitrogen application amount of the test point of Qujing Luliang is 7.5 kgN/mu, and the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is applied in total of 49 kgN/mu (N: P)2O5:K2O =15: 5: 25). Transplanting flue-cured tobacco in 25 days 4 months, applying special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco as base fertilizer2O5:K2O =15: 5: 25), the first time of top dressing is carried out with 1kg/667m of potassium nitrate2The second additional fertilization is carried out in 5 months and 25 days, and a special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco is applied2O5:K2O =15: 5: 25) in a ring-type application.
The nitrogen application amount of the test point of Jingjing teacher is 7.7 kgN/mu, and the total application amount of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 52 kgN/mu (N: P)2O5:K2O = 14: 8: 24). Transplanting flue-cured tobacco in 19 days 4 months, applying special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco as base fertilizer2O5:K2O = 14: 8: 24), the first time of topdressing is carried out with 3kg/667m of potassium nitrate2The second additional fertilization is carried out in 5 months and 25 days, and a special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco is applied2O5:K2O = 14: 8: 24) in a ring-type application.
The nitrogen application amount of the Chuxiong test point is 8.0 kgN/mu, and the total application amount of the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is 77 kgN/mu (N: P)2O5:K2O = 10: 25). Transplanting flue-cured tobacco 5 months and 5 days, applying special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco as base fertilizer2O5:K2O = 10: 25), the first time of topdressing is carried out with 2kg/667m of potassium nitrate2The second additional fertilization is carried out in 6 months and 4 days, and a special compound fertilizer (N: P) for tobacco is applied2O5:K2O = 10: 25) in a hill application.
Other cultivation management measures are implemented according to local high-quality tobacco cultivation management technology.
Table 10 table of processing settings
2.1.4 items and methods of measurement
And (3) checking the growth period: recording the time of each processed tobacco plant reaching the stem, vigorous growth, bud emergence, topping and maturation period; agricultural character survey: selecting 3 tobacco plants which can represent the growth vigor of the tobacco plant to be treated, and measuring the number of leaves, the height of the plants, the stem circumference, the length of the leaves and the width of the leaves 1 day before topping; production quality survey and tobacco leaf sample: and investigating the output value of each treatment after roasting.
2.1.5 statistical analysis
Conventional data integrity analysis was performed using Excel 2010, data analysis of variance and correlation analysis were performed by SPSS (12.0) statistical software.
2.2 results and analysis
2.2.1 influence of different base-tracking ratios on the growth period of drip-irrigation flue-cured tobacco
(1) Qujing trial point
As can be seen from Table 11, the growth periods of the various treatments from transplanting to mass of the Luliang test point are the same, the bud emergence period, the capping period and the maturation period are the earliest without fertilization (CK), and the growth periods of the other treatments are gradually delayed along with the increase of the fertilizing proportion; the growth period of each treatment from transplanting to capping period of the teacher religion test point is the same, and the mature period of the treatment without fertilization (CK) is 5-7 days earlier than that of other treatments.
As seen from the field growth period survey results shown in the attached table 12, the differences among the flue-cured tobacco before the bulk stage at the Chuxiong test point are not large, the bud period and the topping period of the base chasing 2:8 treatment and the base chasing 3:7 treatment are earlier than those of the other 3 treatments by 2-7 days, and the maturing time of the second shed is delayed by 5-19 days than those of the other 3 treatments.
TABLE 11 examination of tobacco plant growth period in each treatment of the yeast test site
TABLE 12 survey of tobacco plant growth period for each treatment at Chuxiong test Point
2.2.2 Effect of different base-tracking ratios on agronomic traits of drip irrigation flue-cured tobacco
As can be seen from table 13, the agronomic trait parameter values of the tobacco plants subjected to fertilization treatment at the shanjing upland test point were increased to different degrees compared with the control, wherein the plant height and the leaf area reached significant levels (P < 0.05); the tobacco leaf area parameters of tobacco plants treated in a base-chasing ratio of 4:6 are optimal among different base-chasing ratio treatments. The teacher and religion test points are shown as follows: compared with the control, the agronomic characteristic parameter values of the tobacco plants treated by the fertilization are increased to different degrees, wherein the maximum leaf area and the average leaf area reach significant levels (P is less than 0.05), and the agronomic characteristic parameter values of the tobacco plants have no significant difference (P is more than 0.05) between different base-to-base ratio treatments.
Table 13 Qujing test points treat agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco in mature period
Note: different lower case letters after the same column of data indicate that the difference is significant (P < 0.05), as follows.
2.2.3 influence of different base-tracking ratios on economic traits of drip-irrigation flue-cured tobacco
As can be seen from table 14, the acre yield, acre yield value and single leaf weight average of the good test spot of shanjing were best treated at the basis topdressing ratio of 5:5, the control treatment without fertilization was worst, and the medium smoke ratio was best treated at the basis topdressing ratio of 5: 5; the acre yield, acre yield value and medium tobacco ratio of the teacher and religion test site are best processed according to a base-toping ratio of 4:6, the control treatment without fertilization is worst, and the single leaf weight is best processed according to a base-toping ratio of 5: 5.
The economic character survey results of flue-cured tobaccos at the Chuxiong test point are shown in a table 15, the highest yield per mu and the highest single leaf weight are treated by a base-catch-up ratio of 2:8, namely 247.13 kilograms and 11.5 grams respectively, and then treated by a base-catch-up ratio of 3: 7; the highest yield per mu is 3:7 of topdressing ratio and 4:6 of topdressing ratio which reach 5328.78 yuan, and then is 5:5 of topdressing ratio in sequence; the superior smoke ratio and the highest average cost were based on a 5:5 treatment, which reached 36.88% and 23.46 ng/kg, respectively.
Table 14 economic traits of the flue-cured tobacco maturity stage of each treatment of the aspergillus test point
TABLE 15 economic traits of each treatment flue-cured tobacco maturity stage of Chuxiong test point
2.2.4 influence of different base-chasing ratios on the chemical quality of drip-irrigation flue-cured tobacco
The chemical component content of the treated tobacco leaves at the yeast and Jing test point is at a proper level (Table 16). The difference between the content of each chemical index and the chemical coordination of the tobacco leaves is not large between different base-topdressing treatments. Along with the increase of the proportion of the base fertilizer, the nicotine content and the sugar difference of the middle leaves of the flue-cured tobacco tend to increase gradually.
As can be seen from Table 17, the chemical component content of each treated tobacco leaf at the Chuxiong test point was at an appropriate level. The difference between the content of each chemical index and the chemical coordination of the tobacco leaves in the treatment room is not large.
TABLE 16 content of main chemical components in middle leaves (C3F) of each treated flue-cured tobacco at the Trijing test point
TABLE 17 content of main chemical component of middle leaf (C3F) of each treated flue-cured tobacco at Chuxiong test point
2.2.5 influence of different base-tracking ratios on the sensory quality of drip-irrigation cured tobacco
(1) Qujing trial point
In the aspect of the characteristic of the aroma, the base chasing ratio of 2:8 treatment aroma takes fresh sweet aroma and hay aroma as main bodies, and nut aroma and burnt aroma are supplemented to slightly bring the burnt sweet aroma and the green nourishing aroma. The faint scent type characteristic is obvious; the base chasing ratio of 3:7 is that the processing note takes fresh sweet scent and hay scent as main bodies, and takes nut scent and burnt scent as auxiliary materials, and the processing note is slightly burnt sweet scent. The faint scent type characteristic is obvious; the base chasing ratio of 4:6 is that the processing note takes fresh sweet scent and hay scent as main bodies and is supplemented with sweet aroma, nut scent and burnt scent. The faint scent type characteristic is obvious; the base chasing ratio of 5:5 is that the processing note takes fresh sweet scent and hay scent as main bodies and is supplemented with sweet aroma, nut scent and burnt scent. The faint scent type characteristic is obvious.
Table 18 tobacco leaf style feature score of each processing of jig test points
In the aspect of quality characteristics, the base chaser ratio of 2:8 is that the treated fragrance is full, the fragrance quality is good, the concentration is high, the stimulation is small, the miscellaneous gas is small, and the taste characteristic is good; the base chaser ratio of 3:7 is that the treated fragrance is full, the fragrance quality is good, the concentration is high, the stimulation is small, the miscellaneous gas is small, and the taste characteristic is good; the base chaser ratio of 4:6 is that the treated fragrance is full, the fragrance quality is good, the concentration is high, the stimulation is small, the miscellaneous gas is small, and the taste characteristic is good; the base chaser ratio of 5:5 is that the treated fragrance is full, the fragrance quality is good, the concentration is high, the stimulation is small, the miscellaneous gas is small, and the taste characteristic is good.
Table 19 scoring of quality characteristics of each processed tobacco leaf at jig test point
Note: different lower case letters after the same column of data indicate that the difference is significant (P < 0.05), as follows.
In general, the base fertilizer is applied with a small proportion of leaf fragrance, has residue and is spicy; along with the increase of the proportion of the base fertilizer, the aroma concentration of the leaves is increased, and the richness is improved.
(2) Chuxiong test point
In the aspect of the aroma characteristics, the contrast treatment aroma mainly comprises fresh sweet aroma and hay aroma and slightly has nut aroma, burnt sweet aroma and burnt aroma. The faint scent type characteristic is obvious; the base chasing ratio of 2:8 is that the processing note takes fresh sweet scent, burnt sweet scent and hay scent as main bodies, and nut scent is supplemented, and the processing note slightly carries burnt scent. The faint scent type characteristic is obvious; the base chasing ratio of 3:7 is that the processing note takes fresh sweet scent, burnt sweet scent and hay scent as main bodies, and nut scent is supplemented, and the processing note slightly carries burnt scent. The faint scent type characteristic is obvious; the base chasing ratio of 4:6 is that the processing note takes fresh sweet scent, burnt sweet scent and hay scent as main bodies, and nut scent is supplemented, and the processing note slightly carries burnt scent. The faint scent type characteristic is obvious.
TABLE 20 evaluation of the style characteristics of each treated leaf at Chuxiong test points
In the aspect of quality characteristics, compared with the middle amount of processed aroma, the aroma has better quality, medium concentration, less stimulation, less miscellaneous gas and medium taste characteristic; the base chaser ratio of 2:8 is that the treated fragrance is full, the fragrance quality is good, the concentration is high, the stimulation is small, the miscellaneous gas is small, and the taste characteristic is good; the base chaser ratio of 3:7 is that the treated fragrance is full, the fragrance quality is good, the concentration is high, the stimulation is small, the miscellaneous gas is small, and the taste characteristic is good; the base chaser ratio of 4:6 is that the treated fragrance is full, the fragrance quality is good, the concentration is high, the stimulation is small, the miscellaneous gas is small, and the taste characteristic is good.
TABLE 21 Chuxiong test points tobacco leaf quality feature score for each treatment
Note: different lower case letters after the same column of data indicate that the difference is significant (P < 0.05), as follows.
In general, the tobacco leaves treated by the lower base fertilizer application ratio have weak fragrance, the tobacco leaf fragrance is increased along with the increase of the base fertilizer ratio, and the treatment is optimal in a base dressing ratio of 4: 6.
The following results were obtained in test example 1 of the present invention: (1) with the increase of the proportion of the base fertilizer, the maturation time of the tobacco leaves at the middle and upper parts tends to be advanced. (2) Along with the increase of the proportion of the base fertilizer, the nicotine content and the sugar difference of the middle leaves of the flue-cured tobacco tend to increase gradually. (3) Under the condition of drip irrigation, the base fertilizer is applied with a small proportion of leaf fragrance, has residue and has spicy feeling; in a certain range, along with the increase of the proportion of the base fertilizer, the aroma concentration of the leaves is increased, and the richness is improved. In different base top dressing ratios, the treatment with the base top dressing ratio of 4:6 is relatively better.
Experimental example 3 study on appropriate fertilizing amount of drip irrigation flue-cured tobacco
3.1 materials and methods
3.1.1 general description of the test
The tests were performed in shangjing continental county (mamo ancient town kennel house village) and shangjing teacher district (kunshan town li family dam village), respectively.
3.1.2 test materials
Flue-cured tobacco varieties are respectively Yunyan 116 (Jingjing land) and Yunyan 97 (Jingjing land).
3.1.3 test methods
The treatments with different fertilization amounts (topdressing) in the table below were set under drip irrigation conditions (4.8L/plant throughout the growth period), each treatment for approximately 207 cigarettes.
The Luliang test point is to transplant the flue-cured tobacco in 25 days in 4 months, apply special compound fertilizer (15: 5: 25) for the tobacco as base fertilizer, perform the first additional fertilizer in 4 days in 5 months, and apply 1kg/667m of potassium nitrate2And the second additional fertilization is carried out in 5 months and 25 days, and the special compound fertilizer for tobacco (15: 5: 25) is applied in an annular mode. The nitrogen application amount ranges of different fertilization treatments are as follows: 6.3 kgN/mu to 9.0 kgN/mu.
Transplanting flue-cured tobacco in 19 days 4 months at the teacher test point, applying special compound fertilizer (14: 8: 24) for tobacco as base fertilizer, applying potassium nitrate 3kg/667m in 28 days 4 months for first additional fertilizer2And the second additional fertilization is carried out in 5 months and 25 days, and the special compound fertilizer for tobacco (14: 8: 24) is applied in an annular mode. The nitrogen application amount ranges of different fertilization treatments are as follows: 6.0-8.6 kgN/mu.
Other cultivation management measures are implemented according to local high-quality tobacco cultivation management technology.
Table 22 table of processing settings
3.1.4 items and methods of measurement
And (3) checking the growth period: recording the time of each processed tobacco plant reaching the stem, vigorous growth, bud emergence, topping and maturation period; agricultural character survey: selecting 3 tobacco plants which can represent the growth vigor of the tobacco plant to be treated, and measuring the number of leaves, the height of the plants, the stem circumference, the length of the leaves and the width of the leaves 1 day before topping; production quality survey and tobacco leaf sample: and investigating the output value of each treatment after roasting.
3.1.5 statistical analysis
Conventional data integrity analysis was performed using Excel 2010, data analysis of variance and correlation analysis were performed by SPSS (12.0) statistical software.
3.2 results and analysis
3.2.1 Effect of different fertilizing amounts on the growth period of drip irrigation flue-cured tobacco
As can be seen from Table 23, the growth period of each treatment from transplanting to mass of the Luliang test point is the same, the bud emergence period, the capping period and the maturation period are treated earliest without fertilization (CK), the growth period of the conventional dosage treatment is the longest, and the bud emergence period, the capping period and the maturation period of the tobacco plants treated by 10 percent reduction are 1 to 3 days earlier than that of other reduction treatments. The growth period of each treatment from the transplanting of the teacher test point to the capping period is the same, the maturation period is treated earliest by applying no fertilizer (CK), and is 5-7 days earlier than other treatments.
TABLE 23 growth period survey of each treated tobacco
3.2.2 Effect of different fertilizing amounts on agronomic traits of drip irrigation flue-cured tobacco
As can be seen from Table 24, the agronomic parameters of each of the tobacco plants treated with each of the fertilizers were improved to different extents as compared with the control without the fertilizer, and were all at a significant level (P < 0.05) except for the stem periphery; in the treatment rooms with different fertilizing amounts, the maximum leaf area of the tobacco plants tends to decrease along with the decrease of the fertilizing amount; the maximum leaf area and the average leaf area of the tobacco plants treated by different decrement treatment are optimally treated by 20 percent decrement and are obviously smaller than the conventional dosage treatment (P is less than 0.05).
The agronomic characters of the tobacco plant on the teacher test are as follows: compared with a control without fertilization, the agronomic character parameter values of tobacco plants treated by each fertilization are improved to different degrees and reach a significant level (P is less than 0.05); the tobacco plant height, the maximum leaf area and the average leaf area have no obvious difference (P is more than 0.05) among treatments with different fertilizing amounts.
Table 24 agronomic traits of cured tobacco in maturation stage of each treatment
Note: different lower case letters after the same column of data indicate that the difference is significant (P < 0.05), as follows.
3.2.3 influence of different fertilizing amounts on economic characters of drip irrigation flue-cured tobacco
As can be seen from Table 25, the tobacco yield per mu and the value per mu of each fertilization treatment were higher than those of the non-fertilization control treatment with respect to the land quality test point. In the treatment rooms with different fertilizing amounts, the yield and the output value of the tobacco leaves treated by reducing 20 percent are optimal, the first-class tobacco proportion is the highest, and the single leaf weight is the largest. The economic characters of the teacher and religion test tobacco ordering are shown in that the yield per mu and the yield per mu of the flue-cured tobacco after each fertilization treatment are also higher than those of the flue-cured tobacco without fertilization control treatment. In the treatment rooms with different fertilizing amounts, the yield and the output value of the tobacco leaves treated by 10 percent reduction and 20 percent reduction are optimal, the proportion of medium tobacco is highest, and the weight of a single leaf is the largest.
TABLE 25 economic traits of each treated flue-cured tobacco
3.2.4 Effect of different fertilizing amounts on chemical quality of drip irrigation flue-cured tobacco
As can be seen from Table 26, the chemical components of each treated tobacco leaf were at appropriate levels. The difference between the content of each chemical index and the chemical coordination of the tobacco leaves in the treatment room is not large.
TABLE 26 Main chemical component content of each treated flue-cured tobacco
3.2.5 influence of different fertilizing amount on sensory quality of drip irrigation flue-cured tobacco
In the aspect of aroma characteristics, the aroma of the conventional fertilization treatment mainly comprises fresh sweet aroma and hay aroma, and is supplemented with sweet aroma, nut aroma and burnt aroma, and slightly sour aroma and fruit aroma. The faint scent type characteristic is obvious; the processing note with 20 percent of reduced application takes fresh sweet fragrance and hay fragrance as main bodies, is supplemented with burnt sweet fragrance and nut fragrance, slightly carries burnt fragrance, acid fragrance and fruit fragrance, and has obvious fresh fragrance characteristic; the processing aroma with 30 percent of less application takes fresh and sweet aroma as a main body, and dry grass aroma as an auxiliary body, slightly has burnt and sweet aroma, nut aroma, burnt aroma, acid aroma and fruit aroma, and has obvious fresh and sweet characteristic; the fragrance note without fertilization treatment takes fresh sweet fragrance and hay fragrance as main bodies, is supplemented with burnt sweet fragrance, nut fragrance and burnt fragrance, has slightly burnt sweet fragrance, burnt fragrance and nut fragrance, and has obvious fresh fragrance characteristic.
TABLE 27 tobacco leaf style feature scores for each treatment
In the aspect of quality characteristics, the conventional fertilization treatment has the advantages of full aroma amount, good aroma quality, high concentration, less stimulation, less miscellaneous gas and good taste characteristics; reducing the treatment quality by 20 percent: the fragrance is full, the fragrance quality is good, the concentration is high, the stimulation is small, the miscellaneous gas is small, and the taste characteristic is good; the treated aroma amount is full by 30 percent, the aroma quality is good, the concentration is high, the stimulation is small, the miscellaneous gas is moderate, and the taste characteristic is good; the aroma amount is slightly weak without fertilization treatment, the aroma quality is medium, the concentration is medium, the stimulation is medium, the miscellaneous gas is medium, and the taste property is medium.
TABLE 28 quality feature scores for each treated tobacco
In general, compared with the conventional fertilization and drip irrigation flue-cured tobacco, under the drip irrigation condition, when the fertilizer application is reduced by more than 30%, the sensory quality of tobacco plants is reduced to a certain extent, the leaf cleanliness is reduced, the sweet and burnt flavors are reduced, the sweet feeling is reduced, the strength is greatly reduced, and the aftertaste is slightly bitter.
It can be seen from inventive test example 3 that: (1) under the drip irrigation condition of the invention, the application of the additional fertilizer is reduced by 10-30% and the influence on the growth and development of the flue-cured tobacco, the economic character and the chemical quality of the tobacco leaves is little. (2) Under the drip irrigation condition, the tobacco sensory quality is not obviously affected by the reduced application of 10-20% of the fertilizer. (3) Therefore, under the drip irrigation condition of the invention, the yield and the output value of the tobacco leaves can be effectively maintained by reducing the additional fertilizer (20%) in a proper amount without influencing the output value and the chemical quality of the tobacco leaves.
Claims (5)
1. A flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under a drip irrigation condition is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) drip irrigation conditions: the flue-cured tobacco is irrigated by adopting a drip irrigation mode, the drip irrigation quantity of the flue-cured tobacco in the whole growth process from 10 days after transplantation to maturity is controlled to be 2.4-4.8L/plant, wherein:
root extension stage: drip irrigation for 2 times 10-30 days after transplanting, and the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 0.8-1.6L per plant;
flourishing for a long time: drip irrigation for 3 times 30-60 days after transplanting, wherein the drip irrigation amount is controlled to be 1.2-2.4L per plant;
and (3) mature period: after transplanting, maturing within 60 days, carrying out drip irrigation for 1-2 times, and controlling the drip irrigation quantity to be 0.4-0.8L per plant;
2) fertilizing: the fertilizer is a special compound fertilizer for tobacco and potassium nitrate, the application amount of the fertilizer is 6-9 kg N/mu, and the application amount of the potassium nitrate is 1-3 kg/mu; applying a base fertilizer, and then performing additional fertilization, wherein the base fertilization ratio of the nitrogen fertilizer is controlled to be 3: 7-5: 5; the base fertilizer application method comprises the following steps: after land preparation, ditching and ridging, wherein the ridge height is 25-30 cm, after pond digging, the tobacco plants are transplanted on the same day, before transplanting, part of the special compound fertilizer for the tobacco is placed in the middle of the tobacco pond according to the nitrogen fertilizer base ratio, is fully and uniformly mixed with pond soil, and then, transplanting is carried out; the frequency of topdressing is 2, potassium nitrate is watered and applied 7-10 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted, and the residual special compound fertilizer for tobacco is applied in a ring or hole mode 30-35 days after the tobacco seedlings are transplanted; the special compound fertilizer for tobacco is N: P2O5:K2O =15:5:25、N:P2O5:K2O =15:15:18 or N: P2O5:K2O =14:8:24。
2. The method for fertilizing flue-cured tobacco under the condition of drip irrigation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the variety of the flue-cured tobacco is Yunyan 116, K326 or Yunyan 97.
3. The method for fertilizing flue-cured tobacco under the condition of drip irrigation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the drip irrigation amount in the rooting stage is 1.2L per plant.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of drip irrigation for the vigorous growth period is 1.8L/plant.
5. The method for fertilizing flue-cured tobacco under the drip irrigation condition as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the drip irrigation amount in the mature period is 0.6L per plant.
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