CN103636338B - One grows tobacco fertilizing method and implantation methods - Google Patents
One grows tobacco fertilizing method and implantation methods Download PDFInfo
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- CN103636338B CN103636338B CN201310625817.3A CN201310625817A CN103636338B CN 103636338 B CN103636338 B CN 103636338B CN 201310625817 A CN201310625817 A CN 201310625817A CN 103636338 B CN103636338 B CN 103636338B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to tobacco planting and cultivation field, relate to one and to grow tobacco fertilizing method and implantation methods, particularly the fertilizing method of a kind of organic tobacco and implantation methods.Particularly, described fertilizing method comprises the steps: that (1) is to soil application fertilizer; (2) root is sprayed to crop outer fertile.Method of the present invention can effectively improve tobacco-growing soil physicochemical character, improve soil organic matter content, reduce soil contamination grade, effectively improve tobacco leaf and in process of growth, the root absorption of fertilizer and root are absorbed outward, reach the object improving tobacco leaf particularly organic tobacco leaf quality.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco planting and cultivation field, relate to one and grow tobacco or the fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco and implantation methods, particularly the fertilizing method of a kind of organic tobacco and implantation methods.
Background technology
Organic products imply that the arriving of a new Consumption Age, be exactly by harm reduction, safety, pollution-free etc. premised on the pursuit of product high-quality.
Organic tobacco leaf is as the higher a kind of raw tobacco material of safety, and in leaf tobacco production process, to home environment condition, Fertilizer application, the extermination of disease and insect pest, culture technique specification etc. has higher requirement.
Tobacco field fertilizing can improve tobacco growth environment.Applying fertilizer has very large effect to the improvement of the improvement of flue-cured tobacco soil structure, the raising of soil fertility and tobacco growth subenvironment.Fertilising can reduce damage by disease and insect, has cut off sick worm primary source of infection, reduces the harm of disease worm.
Fertilising can improve utilization rate of fertilizer, prevents soil nutrient to run off.Tobacco executes bio-fertilizer, effectively can improve soil physical and chemical property, equilibrium utilizes soil nutrient, thus bring superior growing environment and condition to tobacco leaf production, to raising fertilization effect, keep, recover and increase soil fertility, eliminate the noxious material Be very effective in soil, yield of tobacco significantly improves, and quality must in obvious improvement.
But the phenomenons such as current land pollution, body eutrophication, the hardening soil are comparatively general, unfavorable to the plantation of crops.
But still needing to develop is applicable to the crop such as tobacco particularly fertilizing method of organic tobacco and implantation methods.
Summary of the invention
The present inventor, through deep research and performing creative labour, obtains one and grows tobacco or the flue-cured tobacco particularly fertilizing method of a kind of organic tobacco and implantation methods.Method of the present invention relates to Tobacco bio-fertilizer and the outer fertile using method of root, and the method on cigarette ridge, uses bio-fertilizer and sprays top dressing to realize after transplanting.The present inventor is surprised to find, and method of the present invention can effectively improve tobacco-growing soil physicochemical character, improves soil organic matter content, reduces soil contamination grade, reaches the object improving tobacco leaf particularly organic tobacco leaf quality.Thus provide following invention:
One aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of crop fertilization method, comprises the steps:
(1) to soil application fertilizer;
(2) root is sprayed to crop outer fertile.
Fertilizing method according to any one of the present invention, wherein, described in step (1), fertilizer is bio-fertilizer or biological organic fertilizer; Particularly, be military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer.
Fertilizing method according to any one of the present invention, wherein, the fertilizer in step (1) is disposable employed; Preferably evenly use.
Fertilizing method according to any one of the present invention, wherein, the application position of the fertilizer in step (1) is field; Preferably, be row replacement; Particularly, at field midline position fluting, after fertilising, lid is filled out with soil; More specifically, the degree of depth of described groove is 5 centimeters, and width is 10 centimeters.
Fertilizing method according to any one of the present invention, wherein, the ridging time of described field and/or the time of fertilising are crop-planting or cultivation or the 3-14 days before transplanting; Be preferably 5-10 days, such as 5,6,7,8,9 or 10 days; Be more preferably 7 days.
Fertilizing method according to any one of the present invention, wherein, the amount used of the fertilizer in step (1) is 100-500 kg/acre; Be preferably 200-450 kg/acre; Be more preferably 250-400 kg/acre; Be particularly preferably 300-400 kg/acre, such as 300,310,320,330,340,350,360,370,380,390 or 400 kgs/acre; More preferably 340 kgs/acre.
Fertilizing method according to any one of the present invention, wherein, the root in step (2) is outer fertile to be used for one or many; Preferably use at least 2 times or 3 times; Be more preferably at least 4 times to use.
Fertilizing method according to any one of the present invention, wherein, in step (2), the time of fertilising is bring into use first time after field crops field planting, till the results previous moon.
Fertilizing method according to any one of the present invention, wherein, the outer fertilizer of root described in step (2) is NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer.
Fertilizing method according to any one of the present invention, it does not re-use other fertilizer.
Fertilizing method according to any one of the present invention, NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer 400-600 times of dilution, is fully sprayed on stem, blade face, each 80-120 milliliter/mu; Preferably, NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer 500 times of dilutions, are fully sprayed on stem, blade face, each 100 milliliters/mu.
Fertilizing method according to any one of the present invention, wherein said crop is solanaceous crops; Be preferably tobacco or flue-cured tobacco.
In one embodiment of the invention, described fertilizing method comprises the steps:
1) cigarette transplantation of seedlings is earthed up for first about 7 days, applies in cultivation field ridge by the even bar of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer;
2) disposable employed 340 kgs/acre of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizers;
3) dark 5 centimeters of field fluting, wide 10 centimeters, fills out lid after fertilising with soil;
4) first time is brought into use after the field planting of field cigarette seedling, till the results tobacco leaf previous moon, minimum sprinkling four NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizers.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of crop-planting method, and it comprises the fertilizing method according to any one of the present invention, and wherein said crop is solanaceous crops; Be preferably tobacco or flue-cured tobacco.
In the present invention,
Term " military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer " is the agrotechnique expert of Japanese government's Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry---military rattan passes the complex biological fertilizer of Taro exploitation, and its main composition is N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, beneficial bacterium more than 500 kinds.Domestic can purchased from Kunming Rui Fengyi development in science and technology Co., Ltd.
Term " NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer " main component is as follows:
NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer also can purchased from Japanese pharmaceutical product developmental research institute.
Organic tobacco leaf, refer to the material such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, growth regulator not using chemosynthesis in leaf tobacco production process, and genetically engineered biological and product, but follow the course of nature and ecological principle, take the agrotechnique of a series of sustainable development, coordinate kind of a cultivation balance, maintain agricultural ecosystem and stablize, and through Organic certification agency qualification, and issue the tobacco leaf of organic products certificate of certification.At present, organic tobacco leaf, in also ununified country of China or professional standard, generally carries out certification according to the standard of organic farming.
In the present invention, the operation requirements of organic leaf tobacco production is as follows:
(1) organic mode nursery and transplanting: the nutriment that nursery uses and extermination of disease and insect pest product used are must through Organic certification.Adopt the production model of single ridge single file.
(2) fertilizer and use of topdressing: forbid to use any type of chemical fertilizer.
(3) field management and the extermination of disease and insect pest: transplant latter about 40 days, carry out cultivation and banking and artificial weeding, waste tobacco leaf and diseased plant will be taken vega in time out of and be destroyed, and irrigate in time and control flood and drain flooded fields.
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest adopts biology, physics, the mode that manually combines.The pre-pest controls of mode such as trapping lamp, yellow plate, gyplure and artificial capture method can be placed in field; Also applicable biological source pesticide pest control; With the bacillary and fungal disease of biological method prevention.
(5) pinch and smear wooden fork and maturation is gathered: according to cigarette strain growing way appearance, pinch.Leaves remained can be 17-18 sheet, manually smears wooden fork in time after pinching.Maturity is in accordance with the principle of " inferior leads proper mature (ripe) is gathered, and the abundant maturation of middle leaf, upper leaf is gathered ".
In addition alternatively, science baking and professional classification is also comprised: toast by three-phase-drying for tobacco technology, cured tobacco leaf carries out classification by classification requirement, and organic tobacco leaf singles dullness is alone.
Flue-cured tobacco is the tobacco leaf dried in ad hoc barn, and color is yellow, and elasticity is comparatively large, is the primary raw material of cigarette.In the present invention, described flue-cured tobacco if not otherwise specified, refers to the tobacco leaf manufacturing flue-cured tobacco.Tobacco leaf, annual herb, Solanaceae.Plant is by glandular hairs, high about 1 meter.Petiole is not obvious or become aliform handle.Touch up with hand, leaf stickness.Panicle top is raw.Calyx tubular, corolla funnel-form, likeness in form bugle, end pink.Capsule, seed yellowish-brown.Originate in South America, have cultivation all over the world.
In the present invention, body eutrophication (eutrophication) refers under the impact of mankind's activity, the nutriments such as the nitrogen needed for biology, phosphorus enter the slow flow water bodies such as lake, river mouth, bay in a large number, algae and other planktons is caused to breed rapidly, Dissolved Oxygen in Water amount declines, water quality deterioration, the phenomenon of fish and other biological mortality.The general index adopted is at present: Water content is more than 0.2-0.3ppm, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is greater than 10ppm, phosphorus content is greater than 0.01-0.02ppm, and in the fresh water of pH value 7-9, total number of bacteria every milliliter is more than 100,000, and the chlorophyll-a content characterizing amount of algae is greater than 10 μm of g/L.
In the present invention, soil plough horizon refers to the arable land topsoil of applicable crop growth.Soil structure refers to the permutations and combinations form of soil particle (comprising aggregate).When differentiating in field, be often referred to those different shapes and size, and the structure that can be separated from each other.
The beneficial effect of the invention
The present invention can effectively improve tobacco-growing soil physicochemical character, improve soil organic matter content, reduce soil contamination grade, effectively improve tobacco leaf and in process of growth, the root absorption of fertilizer and root are absorbed outward, reach the object improving tobacco leaf particularly organic tobacco leaf quality.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: vega ridge internal recessing schematic diagram.Wherein, 1,2,3 is field, and straight line A, B, C all represent ridge center line.Fluting is positioned at ridge center line.Cigarette seed is implanted on the center line of ridge, and cigarette seedling spacing is about 0.6 meter.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but it will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example only for illustration of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting scope of the present invention.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, the condition of conveniently conditioned disjunction manufacturer suggestion is carried out.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, being can by the conventional products of commercial acquisition.
In the following examples 1-3, the kind of the cigarette seedling of use is identical, and plot used belongs to the same area, its soil property and similar.The baking method of tobacco leaf is also identical.Described operation, if not otherwise specified, can carry out with reference to the farming operation of routine.
embodiment 1: bio-fertilizer plantation tobacco leaf 1
(1) cigarette transplantation of seedlings is earthed up for first about 7 days, applies in cultivation field ridge by the even bar of military rattan formula bio-organic fertilizer;
(2) disposable employed 340 kgs/acre of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizers;
(3) dark 5 centimeters of field fluting, wide 10 centimeters, fill out lid with soil after fertilising, schematic diagram is as Fig. 1;
(4) first time is brought into use after the field planting of field cigarette seedling, till the results tobacco leaf previous moon, minimum sprinkling four NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizers (the fertilising interval of 4 times has no special requirements, and can grasp voluntarily according to cigarette strain growth and weather condition);
(5) NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer 500 times of dilutions, are fully sprayed on stem, blade face, each 100 milliliters/mu.NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer contains N4.01%, containing P
2o
530%, containing K
2o4.01%, containing MgO2.10%.
Tobacco leaf carries out three-phase-drying for tobacco.
embodiment 2: common fertilizer plantation tobacco leaf 2
The implantation methods of common organic tobacco leaf:
(1) organic mode nursery and transplanting: the nutriment that nursery uses and extermination of disease and insect pest product used are must through Organic certification.Adopt the production model of single ridge single file.
(2) fertilizer and use of topdressing: forbid to use any type of chemical fertilizer.
(3) field management and the extermination of disease and insect pest: transplant latter about 40 days, carry out cultivation and banking and artificial weeding, waste tobacco leaf and diseased plant will be taken vega in time out of and be destroyed, and irrigate in time and control flood and drain flooded fields.
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest adopts biology, physics, the mode that manually combines: the pre-pest controls of mode such as trapping lamp, yellow plate, gyplure and artificial capture method can be placed in field; Also applicable biological source pesticide pest control; With the bacillary and fungal disease of biological method prevention.
(5) pinch and smear wooden fork and maturation is gathered: according to cigarette strain growing way appearance, pinch.Leaves remained can be 17-18 sheet, manually smears wooden fork in time after pinching.Maturity is in accordance with the principle of " inferior leads proper mature (ripe) is gathered, and the abundant maturation of middle leaf, upper leaf is gathered ".
(6) science baking and professional classification.Toast by three-phase-drying for tobacco technology, cured tobacco leaf carries out classification by classification requirement, and organic tobacco leaf singles dullness is alone.
embodiment 3: conventional method plantation tobacco leaf 3
The implantation methods of common tobacco leaf, carries out according to general farming, wherein:
(1) kind identical with embodiment 1 and 2 is selected
(2) tobacco leaf strong sprout is cultivated: seedbed be paid attention to and select; Ground, seedbed arranges; Nursery bed disinfection.
(3) plot similar with soil property in embodiment 1 and 2 is selected.
(4) apply fertilizers scientifically.General mu executes special fertilizer 40-50kg, phosphate fertilizer 30-40kg, potash fertilizer 10kg.70% of total fertilizing amount makes base manure, and 30% topdresses.
(5) transplant in good time.
(6) topdress in time and water.
(7) integrated pest prevention and control is carried out.
(8) optimum period, pinches and smears wooden fork.
(9) ripe harvesting.
(10) three-phase-drying for tobacco.
the comparison of ingredients of the tobacco leaf of embodiment 4: three kinds of implantation methods
1. detect sample
Sample 1: the bio-fertilizer plantation tobacco leaf of embodiment 1;
Sample 2: the fertilizer plantation tobacco leaf of embodiment 2;
Sample 3: the conventional method plantation tobacco leaf of embodiment 3.
Below the tobacco leaf of upper, middle and lower is got respectively.
2. detection method
The detection method of each chemical composition content is carried out (State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau's issue) according to following standard method:
The preparation of YC/T31-1996 tobacco and tobacco product sample and determination of moisture Oven Method;
The mensuration continuous flow method of YC/T160-2002 tobacco and tobacco product total alkaloid;
The mensuration continuous flow method (mensuration of water-soluble sugar comprises the mensuration of total reducing sugar and reducing sugar, and total reducing sugar is undertaken measuring by the assay method of reducing sugar after being hydrolyzed into monose in fact) of YC/T159-2002 tobacco and tobacco product water-soluble sugar;
The mensuration continuous flow method of YC/T162-2011 tobacco and tobacco product chlorine;
The mensuration continuous flow method of YC/T217-2007 tobacco and tobacco product potassium.
3. testing result
As shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1: organic tobacco sample and control sample routine chemical components comparision contents thereof
Usual this area thinks that the content of total reducing sugar and reducing sugar is higher relatively good;
Judge that the standard whether nicotine content is suitable for is: inferior leads 1.5%-2.0%, middle leaf 2.0%-2.8%, upper leaf 3.0%-3.5%.
From table 1:
1) total reducing sugar of organic tobacco leaf of biological organic fertilizer plantation and content of reducing sugar is used higher than the tobacco leaf using the plantation of common fertilizer, higher than the tobacco leaf of conventional method plantation;
2) use the nicotine content optimum of organic tobacco leaf of biological organic fertilizer plantation, the nicotine content of tobacco leaves using the plantation of common fertilizer is more suitable, and the tobacco leaf nicotine of conventional method plantation is higher;
3) potassium and chlorinity little with conventional tobacco leaf (contrast) difference.
In a word, use the chemical composition content optimum of organic tobacco leaf of bio-fertilizer plantation, harmony is best; The tobacco leaf chemical composition content using the plantation of common fertilizer is more suitable, and harmony is better; The tobacco leaf chemical composition content of conventional method plantation is not suitable for, and harmony is general.
the soil property of embodiment 5: three kinds of fertilizing methods compares
1. detection method
Transplant 15cm depths sampling on field in latter 30 days.
Soil organic matter content: with quantitative potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid solution, under electrical heating condition, make the Organic oxidation in soil, the titration of remaining potassium bichromate ferrous sulfate standard liquid, and be that additive does actual blank demarcation with silica, according to oxidant quality difference before and after oxidation, calculate organic carbon amounts, be multiplied by coefficient 1.724 again, be soil organic matter content.
The bulk density of soil: the soil sample of the nature utilizing the cutting of the cutting ring of a constant volume not stir, makes soil sample be full of wherein, the oven-dried soil weight of unit of account volume after weighing.This law is applicable to general soil, inapplicable to hard and frangible soil.
Soil porosity: also known as cell size, means the percentage shared by unit volume soil mesopore.General coarse texture soil porosity is lower, but coarse porosity is more, and fine textured suil is contrary.Reunite good soil and loose soil (unit weight is lower) porosity higher, the ratio in the former thickness hole is comparatively applicable to the growth of crop.The soil of grogs dispersion and consolidation, porosity is low and pinhole is more.Soil porosity does not generally directly measure, and can be calculated try to achieve by soil particle density and unit weight.2. testing result
As shown in table 2 below.
Table 2: the changes of soil properties of three embodiments
| The content of organic matter | The bulk density of soil | Soil porosity | |
| Embodiment 1 | 49.31g/kg | 1.10g/cm 3 | 52.26% |
| Embodiment 2 | 36.77g/kg | 1.27g/cm 3 | 48.53% |
| Embodiment 3 | 29.56g/kg | 1.34g/cm 3 | 47.79% |
Result shows: method of the present invention effectively improves soil aeration ability and fertilizer-preserving ability, activates and increases soil fertility, improving soil physical and chemical property.
Although the specific embodiment of the present invention has obtained detailed description, it will be understood to those of skill in the art that.According to disclosed all instructions, can carry out various amendment and replacement to those details, these change all within protection scope of the present invention.Four corner of the present invention is provided by claims and any equivalent thereof.
Claims (6)
1. a crop fertilization method, comprises the steps:
1) cigarette transplantation of seedlings is earthed up for first about 7 days, applies in cultivation field ridge by the even bar of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer;
Disposable employed 340 kgs/acre of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizers;
Dark 5 centimeters of field fluting, wide 10 centimeters, fill out lid with soil after fertilising;
2) first time is brought into use after the field planting of field cigarette seedling, till the results tobacco leaf previous moon, minimum sprinkling four NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizers;
Described fertilizing method does not re-use other fertilizer; Described crop is tobacco.
2. fertilizing method according to claim 1, wherein, at described field midline position fluting, fills out lid with soil after fertilising.
3. fertilizing method according to claim 1, wherein, the ridging time of described field and/or the time of fertilising are 7 days before crop is transplanted.
4. fertilizing method according to claim 1, NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer 400-600 times of dilution, is fully sprayed on stem, blade face, each 80-120 milliliter/mu.
5. fertilizing method according to claim 1, NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer 500 times of dilutions, are fully sprayed on stem, blade face, each 100 milliliters/mu.
6. a crop-planting method, it comprises the fertilizing method according to any one of claim 1 to 5.
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Families Citing this family (4)
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| CN103907441A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-09 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Tobacco fertilization method capable of conserving tobacco-planting soil |
| CN106471982A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-03-08 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | Take into account soil quality and improve the tobacco cultivation fertilizing method improving with quality of tobacco |
| CN108781681B (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2020-12-15 | 潍坊市烟草专卖局 | Fertilizing method for flue-cured tobacco |
| CN107873209B (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2021-04-16 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Flue-cured tobacco fertilization method under drip irrigation condition |
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