CN103636338A - Tobacco fertilization method and planting method - Google Patents
Tobacco fertilization method and planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103636338A CN103636338A CN201310625817.3A CN201310625817A CN103636338A CN 103636338 A CN103636338 A CN 103636338A CN 201310625817 A CN201310625817 A CN 201310625817A CN 103636338 A CN103636338 A CN 103636338A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of tobacco planting and cultivation, relates to a tobacco fertilization method and a planting method and in particular relates to a fertilization method and a planting method for organic tobaccos. Specifically, the fertilization method comprises the following steps of (1) fertilizing soil; (2) performing foliage fertilization on crops. According to the methods disclosed by the invention, physical and chemical properties of the tobacco planting soil can be effectively improved, and the content of organic matters in the soil is increased; the pollution degree of the soil is reduced; root absorption and foliage absorption of organic fertilizers by tobaccos in a growth process are effectively improved, so that the aim of improving the quality of the tobaccos, in particular organic tobaccos, is fulfilled.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to tobacco planting and cultivation field, relate to one and grow tobacco or fertilizing method and the implantation methods of flue-cured tobacco, particularly the fertilizing method of a kind of organic tobacco and implantation methods.
Background technology
Organic products is indicating the arriving of a new Consumption Age, take exactly harm reduction, safety, pollution-free etc. be the high-quality pursuit of the product of prerequisite.
Organic tobacco leaf is as the higher a kind of raw tobacco material of safety, in leaf tobacco production process, and to home environment condition, Fertilizer application, the extermination of disease and insect pest, culture technique standard etc. has higher requirement.
Tobacco field fertilizing can improve tobacco growth environment.Fertilising has very large effect to the improvement of the raising of the improvement of flue-cured tobacco soil structure, soil fertility and tobacco growth subenvironment.Fertilising can reduce damage by disease and insect, has cut off sick worm primary source of infection, reduces the harm of disease worm.
Fertilising can improve utilization rate of fertilizer, prevents that soil nutrient runs off.Tobacco is executed bio-fertilizer, can effectively improve soil physical and chemical property, equilibrium utilizes soil nutrient, thereby produce superior growing environment and the condition brought to tobacco, to improving fertilization effect, keep, recover and increase soil fertility, the noxious material effect of eliminating in soil is remarkable, and yield of tobacco obviously improves, and quality must be in obvious improvement.
Yet the phenomenons such as land pollution at present, body eutrophication, the hardening soil are comparatively general, unfavorable to the plantation of crops.
But still needing to develop is applicable to for example particularly fertilizing method and the implantation methods of organic tobacco of tobacco of crop.
Summary of the invention
The inventor is through deep research and performing creative labour, obtained one and grown tobacco or flue-cured tobacco particularly fertilizing method and the implantation methods of a kind of organic tobacco.Method of the present invention relates to Tobacco bio-fertilizer and the outer fertile using method of root, and the method is after using bio-fertilizer and transplant on cigarette ridge, to spray top dressing to realize.The inventor is surprised to find, and method of the present invention can effectively be improved tobacco-growing soil physicochemical character, improves soil organic matter content, reduces soil contamination grade, reaches and improves the particularly object of organic tobacco leaf quality of tobacco leaf.Following invention is provided thus:
One aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of crop fertilization method, comprises the steps:
(1) to soil application fertilizer;
(2) crop is sprayed to root outer fertile.
According to the fertilizing method described in any one of the present invention, wherein, described in step (1), fertilizer is bio-fertilizer or biological organic fertilizer; Particularly, be military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer.
According to the fertilizing method described in any one of the present invention, wherein, the fertilizer in step (1) is disposable employed; Be preferably evenly and use.
According to the fertilizing method described in any one of the present invention, wherein, the application position of the fertilizer in step (1) is field; Preferably, be row replacement; Particularly, at field midline position fluting, after fertilising, with soil, fill out lid; More specifically, the degree of depth of described groove is 5 centimeters, and width is 10 centimeters.
According to the fertilizing method described in any one of the present invention, wherein, the ridging time of described field and/or the time of fertilising are crop-planting or cultivation or transplant previous 3-14 days; Be preferably 5-10 days, for example 5,6,7,8,9 or 10 days; More preferably 7 days.
According to the fertilizing method described in any one of the present invention, wherein, the amount of using of the fertilizer in step (1) is 100-500 kg/acre; Be preferably 200-450 kg/acre; 250-400 kg/acre more preferably; Be particularly preferably 300-400 kg/acre, for example 300,310,320,330,340,350,360,370,380,390 or 400 kgs/acre; More preferably 340 kgs/acre.
According to the fertilizing method described in any one of the present invention, wherein, root in step (2) is outer fertilely to be used for one or many; Being preferably at least 2 times or 3 times uses; More preferably use at least 4 times.
According to the fertilizing method described in any one of the present invention, wherein, in step (2), the time of fertilising is to bring into use for the first time after field crops field planting, till the previous moon of results.
According to the fertilizing method described in any one of the present invention, wherein, the outer fertilizer of root described in step (2) is NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer.
According to the fertilizing method described in any one of the present invention, it does not re-use other fertilizer.
According to the fertilizing method described in any one of the present invention, 400-600 times of dilution of NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer, is fully sprayed on stem, blade face, each 80-120 milliliter/mu; Preferably, 500 times of dilutions of NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer, are fully sprayed on stem, blade face, each 100 milliliters/mu.
According to the fertilizing method described in any one of the present invention, wherein said crop is solanaceous crops; Be preferably tobacco or flue-cured tobacco.
In one embodiment of the invention, described fertilizing method comprises the steps:
1) cigarette transplantation of seedlings is earthed up for first about 7 days, and the even bar of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer is applied in cultivation field ridge;
2) disposable employed 340 kgs/acre of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizers;
3) field is slotted dark 5 centimeters, wide 10 centimeters, after fertilising, with soil, fills out lid;
4) after the field planting of field cigarette seedling, bring into use for the first time, till the previous moon of results tobacco leaf, four NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizers of minimum sprinkling.
Another aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of crop-planting method, and it comprises the fertilizing method described in any one in the present invention, and wherein said crop is solanaceous crops; Be preferably tobacco or flue-cured tobacco.
In the present invention,
Term " military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer " is the agrotechnique expert of Japanese government's Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry---military rattan passes the too complex biological fertilizer of Lang Kaifa, and its main composition is N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and beneficial bacterium is more than 500 kinds.Domestic can be purchased from Kunming Rui Fengyi development in science and technology Co., Ltd.
Term " NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer " main component is as follows:
NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer also can be purchased from Japanese pharmaceuticals developmental research institute.
Organic tobacco leaf, refer to the material such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, weed killer herbicide, growth regulator that does not use chemosynthesis in leaf tobacco production process, and genetically engineered biological and product, but follow the course of nature and ecological principle, take the agrotechnique of a series of sustainable developments, coordinate kind of a cultivation balance, maintain agricultural ecosystem stable, and through Organic certification mechanism, authenticate, and issue the tobacco leaf of organic products certificate of certification.At present, organic tobacco leaf does not also have unified country or industry standard in China, generally according to the standard of organic farming, authenticates.
In the present invention, the operation requirements of organic leaf tobacco production is as follows:
(1) organic mode is grown seedlings and is transplanted: nutriment and the extermination of disease and insect pest product used using of growing seedlings is must be through Organic certification.Adopt the production model of single ridge single file.
(2) fertilizer and the use of topdressing: forbid to use any type of chemical fertilizer.
(3) field management and the extermination of disease and insect pest: transplant latter about 40 days, carry out cultivation and banking and artificial weeding, waste tobacco leaf and diseased plant will be taken in time vega out of and be destroyed, and irrigate in time and control flood and drain flooded fields.
(4) mode that the extermination of disease and insect pest adopts biology, physics, manually combines.The pre-pest controls of mode such as trapping lamp, yellow plate, gyplure and artificial capture method can be placed in field; Also available biogenic pesticide pest control; With the bacillary and fungal disease of biological method prevention.
(5) pinch and smear wooden fork and maturation is gathered: according to cigarette strain growing way appearance, pinch.Stay the number of sheets to can be 17-18 sheet, after pinching, manually smear in time wooden fork.Maturity is in accordance with the principle of " bottom leaf proper mature (ripe) is gathered, and middle leaf, the abundant maturation of upper leaf are gathered ".
In addition alternatively, also comprise science baking and professional classification: by three section type baking technology, toast, cured tobacco leaf carries out classification by classification requirement, and organic tobacco leaf singles dullness is alone.
Flue-cured tobacco is the tobacco leaf of drying in ad hoc barn, and color is yellow, and elasticity is larger, is the primary raw material of cigarette.In the present invention, described flue-cured tobacco if not otherwise specified, refers to the tobacco leaf of manufacturing flue-cured tobacco.Tobacco leaf, annual herb, Solanaceae.Plant is by glandular hairs, high 1 meter of left and right.Petiole is not obvious or become aliform handle.With hand, touch up leaf stickness.Panicle top is raw.Calyx tubular, corolla funnel-form, likeness in form bugle, end pink.Capsule, seed yellowish-brown.Originate in South America, have cultivation all over the world.
In the present invention, body eutrophication (eutrophication) refers under the impact of mankind's activity, the nutriments such as biological required nitrogen, phosphorus enter the unhurried current water bodys such as lake, river mouth, bay in a large number, cause that algae and other planktons breed rapidly, Dissolved Oxygen in Water amount declines, water quality deterioration, the phenomenon of fish and other biological mortality.The general index adopting is at present: Water content surpasses 0.2-0.3ppm, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is greater than 10ppm, phosphorus content is greater than 0.01-0.02ppm, and in the fresh water of pH value 7-9, every milliliter of total number of bacteria surpasses 100,000, and the chlorophyll-a content that characterizes amount of algae is greater than 10 μ mg/L.
In the present invention, soil plough horizon refers to be applicable to the arable land topsoil of crop growth.Soil structure refers to the permutations and combinations form of soil particle (comprising aggregate).While differentiating in field, be often referred to those different shapes and size, and the structure that can be separated from each other.
The beneficial effect of the invention
The present invention can effectively improve tobacco-growing soil physicochemical character, improve soil organic matter content, reduce soil contamination grade, effectively improve tobacco leaf and in process of growth, the root absorption of fertilizer and root are absorbed outward, reach and improve the particularly object of organic tobacco leaf quality of tobacco leaf.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: vega ridge internal recessing schematic diagram.Wherein, 1,2,3 is field, and straight line A, B, C all represent ridge center line.Fluting is positioned at ridge center line.Cigarette seed is implanted on the center line of ridge, and cigarette seedling spacing is 0.6 meter of left and right.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but it will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example is only for the present invention is described, and should not be considered as limiting scope of the present invention.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, carries out according to the condition of normal condition or manufacturer's suggestion.The unreceipted person of production firm of agents useful for same or instrument, being can be by the conventional products of commercial acquisition.
In the following examples 1-3, the kind of the cigarette seedling of use is identical, and plot used belongs to the same area, and its soil property and structure are similar.The baking method of tobacco leaf is also identical.Described operation, if not otherwise specified, can carry out with reference to conventional farming operation.
embodiment 1: bio-fertilizer plantation tobacco leaf 1
(1) cigarette transplantation of seedlings is earthed up for first about 7 days, and the even bar of military rattan formula bio-organic fertilizer is applied in cultivation field ridge;
(2) disposable employed 340 kgs/acre of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizers;
(3) field is slotted dark 5 centimeters, wide 10 centimeters, after fertilising, with soil, fills out lid, and schematic diagram is as Fig. 1;
(4) after the field planting of field cigarette seedling, bring into use for the first time, till the previous moon of results tobacco leaf, four NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizers of minimum sprinkling (the fertilising interval of 4 times has no special requirements, and can grasp voluntarily according to cigarette strain growth and weather condition);
(5) 500 times of dilutions of NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer, are fully sprayed on stem, blade face, each 100 milliliters/mu.NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer is containing N4.01%, containing P
2o
530%, containing K
2o4.01%, containing MgO2.10%.
Tobacco leaf carries out three section type baking.
embodiment 2: common fertilizer plantation tobacco leaf 2
The implantation methods of common organic tobacco leaf:
(1) organic mode is grown seedlings and is transplanted: nutriment and the extermination of disease and insect pest product used using of growing seedlings is must be through Organic certification.Adopt the production model of single ridge single file.
(2) fertilizer and the use of topdressing: forbid to use any type of chemical fertilizer.
(3) field management and the extermination of disease and insect pest: transplant latter about 40 days, carry out cultivation and banking and artificial weeding, waste tobacco leaf and diseased plant will be taken in time vega out of and be destroyed, and irrigate in time and control flood and drain flooded fields.
(4) mode that the extermination of disease and insect pest adopts biology, physics, manually combines: the pre-pest controls of mode such as trapping lamp, yellow plate, gyplure and artificial capture method can be placed in field; Also available biogenic pesticide pest control; With the bacillary and fungal disease of biological method prevention.
(5) pinch and smear wooden fork and maturation is gathered: according to cigarette strain growing way appearance, pinch.Stay the number of sheets to can be 17-18 sheet, after pinching, manually smear in time wooden fork.Maturity is in accordance with the principle of " bottom leaf proper mature (ripe) is gathered, and middle leaf, the abundant maturation of upper leaf are gathered ".
(6) science baking and professional classification.By three section type baking technology, toast, cured tobacco leaf carries out classification by classification requirement, and organic tobacco leaf singles dullness is alone.
embodiment 3: conventional method plantation tobacco leaf 3
The implantation methods of common tobacco leaf, carries out according to general farming, wherein:
(1) select and kind identical in embodiment 1 and 2
(2) cultivate tobacco leaf strong sprout: pay attention to seedbed and select; Ground, seedbed arranges; Nursery bed disinfection.
(3) select with embodiment 1 and 2 in the similar plot of soil property.
(4) apply fertilizers scientifically.General mu is executed special fertilizer 40-50kg, phosphate fertilizer 30-40kg, potash fertilizer 10kg.70% of total fertilizing amount is made base manure, and 30% topdresses.
(5) transplant in good time.
(6) topdress in time and water.
(7) carry out integrated pest prevention and control.
(8) optimum period, pinches and smears wooden fork.
(9) ripe harvesting.
(10) three section type baking.
the comparison of ingredients of the tobacco leaf of 4: three kinds of implantation methods of embodiment
1. detect sample
The bio-fertilizer plantation tobacco leaf of sample 1: embodiment 1;
The fertilizer plantation tobacco leaf of sample 2: embodiment 2;
The conventional method plantation tobacco leaf of sample 3: embodiment 3.
Below get respectively the tobacco leaf of upper, middle and lower.
2. detection method
The detection method of each chemical composition content is carried out (State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau's issue) according to following standard method:
The preparation of YC/T31-1996 tobacco and tobacco product sample and determination of moisture Oven Method;
The mensuration continuous flow method of YC/T160-2002 tobacco and tobacco product total alkaloid;
The mensuration continuous flow method of YC/T159-2002 tobacco and tobacco product water-soluble sugar (mensuration of water-soluble sugar comprises the mensuration of total reducing sugar and reducing sugar, and total reducing sugar is to measure by the assay method of reducing sugar after being hydrolyzed into monose in fact);
The mensuration continuous flow method of YC/T162-2011 tobacco and tobacco product chlorine;
The mensuration continuous flow method of YC/T217-2007 tobacco and tobacco product potassium.
3. testing result
As shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1: organic tobacco sample and the comparison of control sample routine chemical components content thereof
Conventionally this area thinks that the content of total reducing sugar and reducing sugar is higher relatively good;
Whether suitable standard is to judge nicotine content: bottom leaf 1.5%-2.0%, middle leaf 2.0%-2.8%, upper leaf 3.0%-3.5%.
From table 1:
1) use the total reducing sugar of organic tobacco leaf of biological organic fertilizer plantation and content of reducing sugar higher than the tobacco leaf of using common fertilizer plantation, higher than the tobacco leaf of conventional method plantation;
2) use the nicotine content optimum of organic tobacco leaf of biological organic fertilizer plantation, the nicotine content of tobacco leaves of using common fertilizer plantation is more suitable, and the tobacco leaf nicotine of conventional method plantation is higher;
3) potassium and chlorinity are little with conventional tobacco leaf (contrast) difference.
In a word, use the chemical composition content optimum of organic tobacco leaf of bio-fertilizer plantation, harmony is best; The tobacco leaf chemical composition content of using common fertilizer plantation is more suitable, and harmony is better; The tobacco leaf chemical composition content of conventional method plantation is not suitable for, and harmony is general.
the soil property comparison of 5: three kinds of fertilizing methods of embodiment
1. detection method
Transplant 15cm depths sampling on field in latter 30 days.
Soil organic matter content: with quantitative potassium bichromate-sulfuric acid solution, under electrical heating condition, make the Organic oxidation in soil, ferrous sulfate standard liquid titration for remaining potassium bichromate, and take silica as actual blank demarcation of additive work, according to oxidation front and back oxidant quality difference, calculate organic carbon amount, be multiplied by again coefficient 1.724, be soil organic matter content.
The bulk density of soil: utilize the cutting ring of a constant volume to cut the not soil sample of the nature of stirring, soil sample is full of wherein, the oven-dried soil weight of unit of account volume after weighing.This law is applicable to general soil, inapplicable to hard and frangible soil.
Soil porosity: claim again cell size, mean the shared percentage in unit volume soil mesopore.General coarse texture soil porosity is lower, but coarse porosity is more, and fine textured suil is contrary.Reunite good soil and loose soil (unit weight is lower) porosity is higher, and the ratio in the former thickness hole is applicable to the growth of crop.The soil of grogs dispersion and consolidation, porosity is low and pinhole is more.Soil porosity is not generally directly measured, and can be calculated and be tried to achieve by soil particle density and unit weight.2. testing result
As shown in table 2 below.
Table 2: the changes of soil properties of three embodiment
| ? | The content of organic matter | The bulk density of soil | |
| Embodiment | |||
| 1 | 49.31g/kg | 1.10g/cm 3 | 52.26 |
| Embodiment | |||
| 2 | 36.77g/kg | 1.27g/cm 3 | 48.53 |
| Embodiment | |||
| 3 | 29.56g/kg | 1.34g/cm 3 | 47.79% |
Result shows: method of the present invention has effectively improved soil aeration ability and fertilizer-preserving ability, activates and increases soil fertility, and has improved soil physical and chemical property.
Although the specific embodiment of the present invention has obtained detailed description, it will be understood to those of skill in the art that.According to disclosed all instructions, can carry out various modifications and replacement to those details, these change all within protection scope of the present invention.Four corner of the present invention is provided by claims and any equivalent thereof.
Claims (14)
1. a crop fertilization method, comprises the steps:
(1) to soil application fertilizer;
(2) crop is sprayed to root outer fertile.
2. fertilizing method according to claim 1, wherein, described in step (1), fertilizer is bio-fertilizer or biological organic fertilizer; Particularly, be military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer.
3. fertilizing method according to claim 1, wherein, the fertilizer in step (1) is disposable employed; Be preferably evenly and use.
4. fertilizing method according to claim 1, wherein, the application position of the fertilizer in step (1) is field; Preferably, be row replacement; Particularly, at field midline position fluting, after fertilising, with soil, fill out lid; More specifically, the degree of depth of described groove is 5 centimeters, and width is 10 centimeters.
5. fertilizing method according to claim 4, wherein, the ridging time of described field and/or the time of fertilising be crop-planting or cultivation or transplant before 3-14 days; Be preferably 5-10 days; More preferably 7 days.
6. fertilizing method according to claim 1, wherein, the amount of using of the fertilizer in step (1) is 100-500 kg/acre; Be preferably 200-450 kg/acre; 300-400 kg/acre more preferably.
7. fertilizing method according to claim 1, wherein, root in step (2) is outer fertilely to be used for one or many; Being preferably at least 2 times or 3 times uses; More preferably use at least 4 times.
8. fertilizing method according to claim 1, wherein, in step (2), the time of fertilising is to bring into use for the first time after field crops field planting, in results till previous month.
9. fertilizing method according to claim 1, wherein, the outer fertilizer of root described in step (2) is NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer.
10. fertilizing method according to claim 9, it does not re-use other fertilizer.
11. fertilizing methods according to claim 9,400-600 times of dilution of NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer, is fully sprayed on stem, blade face, each 80-120 milliliter/mu; Preferably, 500 times of dilutions of NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizer, are fully sprayed on stem, blade face, each 100 milliliters/mu.
12. according to the fertilizing method described in any one in claim 1 to 11, and wherein said crop is solanaceous crops; Be preferably tobacco or flue-cured tobacco.
13. fertilizing methods according to claim 12, it comprises the steps:
1) cigarette transplantation of seedlings is earthed up for first about 7 days, and the even bar of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizer is applied in cultivation field ridge;
2) disposable employed 340 kgs/acre of military rattan formula biological organic fertilizers;
3) field is slotted dark 5 centimeters, wide 10 centimeters, after fertilising, with soil, fills out lid;
4) after the field planting of field cigarette seedling, bring into use for the first time, till the previous moon of results tobacco leaf, four NPSAN organic water-soluble fertilizers of minimum sprinkling.
14. 1 kinds of crop-planting methods, it comprises the fertilizing method described in any one in claim 1 to 12, wherein said crop is solanaceous crops; Be preferably tobacco or flue-cured tobacco.
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| CN103907441A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-09 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Tobacco fertilization method capable of conserving tobacco-planting soil |
| CN106471982A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-03-08 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | Take into account soil quality and improve the tobacco cultivation fertilizing method improving with quality of tobacco |
| CN107873209A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-06 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of Fertilizer Application of Tobacco method under condition of drip irrigation |
| CN108781681A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2018-11-13 | 潍坊市烟草专卖局 | A kind of fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103907441A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-09 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Tobacco fertilization method capable of conserving tobacco-planting soil |
| CN106471982A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-03-08 | 河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所 | Take into account soil quality and improve the tobacco cultivation fertilizing method improving with quality of tobacco |
| CN108781681A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2018-11-13 | 潍坊市烟草专卖局 | A kind of fertilizing method of flue-cured tobacco |
| CN107873209A (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2018-04-06 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of Fertilizer Application of Tobacco method under condition of drip irrigation |
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| CN103636338B (en) | 2016-03-23 |
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