CN103819282B - A kind of citrus peel residue seedling medium and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of citrus peel residue seedling medium and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103819282B CN103819282B CN201410076560.5A CN201410076560A CN103819282B CN 103819282 B CN103819282 B CN 103819282B CN 201410076560 A CN201410076560 A CN 201410076560A CN 103819282 B CN103819282 B CN 103819282B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of citrus peel residue seedling medium and preparation method thereof, belong to seedling medium preparing technical field.With by fermentable deacidification, through compound enzymic preparation degraded and microbial liquid microbial inoculum compost fermentation after zymotic orange peels for raw material, the Nonrenewable resources such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite are replaced with sandy soil stabilizer purple soil, the composite soil insecticide of science, obtained a kind of without weeds, without insect; Physicals is good, and water-absorbent is reasonable, good air permeability; PH value is reasonable, and ion-exchange capacity is strong, balanced in nutrition; seedling rate is high, neat, that seedling is strong seedling medium of emerging; preparation method's technique of the present invention is simple, low for equipment requirements, citrus peel residue fermentation 12-15 days; the maximum 5-7 days of seedling medium Pesticidal and sterilizing; shorten 18-20 days than prior art, not only greatly reduce the raw materials cost of seedling medium, and shorten the production cycle; do not restrict by factors such as weather, large-scale production can be carried out at any time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seedling medium, particularly a kind of seedling medium utilizing citrus peel residue tunning to prepare and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
So far, China has become Orange Producing state maximum in the world and country of consumption.Citrusfruit is except consuming as fresh fruit, or important processing raw material, for the production of tangerine lobe can and orange juice etc.The tangerine lobe can annual working ability about 1,000,000 tons of China, orange juice annual working ability more than 200 ten thousand tons.The skin slag of more than 40% is produced after Citrus procession.For the process of citrus peel residue, the Citrus procession big country such as the U.S., Brazil mainly adopts oven dry to make feed, smokes the mark coal that 1 ton of dry hide slag need consume more than 0.8 ton, China because of the coal price in oranges and tangerines producing region higher, be difficult to implement.At present, domestic citrus peel residue only has a small amount of for extracting the compositions such as pectin, also has minute quantity to be directly used as ox feed or other purposes; Because oranges and tangerines fresh hide slag water content is up to 60% ~ 80%, be difficult to preserve, China's overwhelming majority citrus peel residue still adopts the process of sanitary landfill mode, every landfill 10,000 tons of skin slags need land occupation about 0.5 hectare, landfill yard sewage is many, distribute stench, not only waste resource, and land occupation, environmental pollution are serious, become the large obstacle hindering China's Citrus procession industry development.
Oranges and tangerines container nursery is the major way of current China oranges and tangerines nursery, the existing family more than 90 in oranges and tangerines container nursery field of the above scale of whole nation year 500000 strain, annual oranges and tangerines container nursery about 100,000,000 strain.At present, the Nutrition Soil of oranges and tangerines container nursery generally adopts peat composed of rotten mosses matrix, and the continuous exploitation of peat composed of rotten mosses resource not only causes the destruction of ecotope, and along with the minimizing of resource, peat composed of rotten mosses price constantly raises, and cost constantly increases.Although both at home and abroad to the existing many reports of the research of alternative peat composed of rotten mosses seedling medium, using few as the research of oranges and tangerines seedling medium for the byproduct-citrus peel residue of Citrus procession.The graceful zymotic orange peels that carried out of Southwestern University master Wu Yu replaces the research of the peat composed of rotten mosses for oranges and tangerines nursery, and result of study shows that zymotic orange peels can replace the peat composed of rotten mosses and be used for preparing Nutrition Soil, for oranges and tangerines container nursery.Wherein, best with the Nutrition Soil effect of zymotic orange peels and the preparation of sandy soil stabilizer purple soil, best configuration proportion is 1:3, and the primary quality measure of institute's nursery wood is significantly better than peat composed of rotten mosses Nutrition Soil conventional at present, and its Nutrition Soil cost is only about 1/2 of peat composed of rotten mosses Nutrition Soil.Therefore, utilize zymotic orange peels to replace the peat composed of rotten mosses and carry out oranges and tangerines container nursery, not only can reduce seedling cost, also partly can solve the problem of outlet of citrus peel residue, there is the double benefit of economy and environmental protection.Chinese patent CN102887791B discloses a kind of method making oranges and tangerines container nursery Nutrition Soil; zymotic orange peels is adopted to replace the peat composed of rotten mosses; best with the Nutrition Soil effect of 1 part of zymotic orange peels and the preparation of 2-4 part (preferably 3 parts) sandy soil stabilizer purple soil; but citrus peel residue adopts spontaneous fermentation; citrus peel residue effective rate of utilization is low; and; seedling medium will add up the 20 days sterilization and disinfestations that are exposed to the sun under the sunlight of fine day; production cycle is long; inefficiency; be subject to the severe constraints of season and weather, cannot accomplish scale production.
Visible; in citrus peel residue innocent treatment procedure; no matter take which kind of Land use systems, effectively should be utilized as center with citrus peel residue, study a kind of production efficiency high, be easy to replacing the peat composed of rotten mosses with zymotic orange peels to prepare the method for seedling medium necessary of mass-producing operation.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is that overcoming existing take zymotic orange peels as the defect that main raw material prepares seedling medium, to pass through fermentable deacidification, through compound enzymic preparation degraded and microbial liquid microbial inoculum compost fermentation, and the zymotic orange peels added after urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate allotment is raw material, the Nonrenewable resources such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite are replaced with sandy soil stabilizer purple soil, the composite soil insecticide of science, obtained a kind of without weeds, without insect; Physicals is good, and water-absorbent is reasonable, good air permeability; PH value is reasonable, and ion-exchange capacity is strong, balanced in nutrition; seedling rate is high, neat, that seedling is strong seedling medium of emerging, and not only greatly reduces the raw materials cost of seedling medium, and shortens the production cycle; do not restrict by factors such as weather, large-scale production can be carried out at any time.
Primary and foremost purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of citrus peel residue seedling medium, is prepared by the raw material of following parts by weight:
Zymotic orange peels 5-10 part, sandy soil stabilizer purple soil 15-30 part, soil insecticide 0.05-0.8 part;
Described zymotic orange peels is prepared by the citrus peel residue of 50-60% mass ratio and the organic auxiliary material of 40-50% mass ratio, comprises the steps:
(1) citrus peel residue deacidification
Citrus peel residue is crushed to granularity 3-5mm, and the deacidification yeast adding citrus peel residue quality 0.5-1.2% carries out fermentation 24-72h in room temperature, stirs once every 12h, until citrus peel residue pH value is down to 6-7;
Described citrus peel residue is the oranges and tangerines waste residue after industrialization is squeezed the juice, moisture content 60-80%, pH value < 4;
Described deacidification yeast is made up of the fermented liquid that spreads cultivation of pichia spp, fission yeast and wine yeast; In the fermented liquid that spreads cultivation of described pichia spp, fission yeast and wine yeast, yeast concentration is respectively 8.0x10
8-9.0x10
8individual/mL, 5.0x10
8-6.0x10
8individual/mL and 7.0x10
7-8.0x10
7individual/mL; The mass ratio that described pichia spp, fission yeast and wine yeast fermented liquid mix is 1-5:1-3:0.5-1.5;
(2) batch mixing
Moisture adjuster is added to step (1) citrus peel residue after deacidification, Homogeneous phase mixing, the addition of moisture adjuster is as the criterion for 50-60% to make the moisture content of final mixture material, then with the feces of livestock and poultry Homogeneous phase mixing of moisture content 50-60%, the addition of feces of livestock and poultry is the residual mass of removing moisture adjuster quality in organic auxiliary material (40-50% of raw material total mass);
Described organic auxiliary material is made up of feces of livestock and poultry and moisture adjuster;
Described moisture adjuster is wheat stalk through pulverizing, rice straw, maize straw, husk, chaff shell, wood chip, through extracting one or more in the cheap organic matters such as the sweet wormwood slag obtained after Artemisinin, the vegetable seed slag obtained after oil expression or seeds of a tung oil tree slag, the peat composed of rotten mosses, wheat bran with mixtures of arbitrary proportion mixing, grinding particle size 2-5mm, the water content < 5% of described moisture adjuster;
Described feces of livestock and poultry is the mixture of chicken manure and pig manure, and mixing quality is than being 3-5:1-3;
(3) compost primary fermentation
The mixture that step (2) processes is added the liquid microbe microbial inoculum of mixture quality 0.5-1% and the mixing enzyme preparation of 0.5-1.5%, Homogeneous phase mixing, pile up growth ridge, cover straw screen or mat and carry out compost enzymolysis and microorganism primary fermentation, when temperature rises to 40-55 DEG C, once, turning like this completes compost primary fermentation for 1-2 time in (fermentation 2-3 days) turning;
Described liquid microbe microbial inoculum is made up of the fermented liquid that spreads cultivation of aspergillus niger (Aspergillusniger) CGMCCNO.7927, aspergillus niger (Aspergillusniger) CGMCC3.316; Its fermented liquid cell concentration is 8.0x10
10-9.0x10
10individual/mL; The mass ratio of the fermented liquid mixing that spreads cultivation of described aspergillus niger CGMCCNO.7927, aspergillus niger CGMCC3.316 is 8-11:5-7;
Described mixing enzyme preparation parts by weight consist of: polygalacturonase 20-30 part, Pullulanase 10-15 part, cellulase 5-10 part, tannase 5-10 part, beta-glucanase 3-5 part, zytase 3-5 part, protease 3-5 parts;
(4) compost maturity
The described liquid microbe microbial inoculum of mixture quality 1-3% is added in the material of completing steps (3) compost primary fermentation, Homogeneous phase mixing, pile up growth ridge, cover straw screen or mat and carry out compost maturity, when temperature rises to 65-70 DEG C, once, turning like this completes compost maturity 3-4 time in (fermentation 3-4 days) turning;
Described complete ripeness standard is odorless; Coffee-like; Temperature below 40 DEG C, and remains unchanged; No longer heat up after turning; Complete ripeness pile water content is below 35%;
Can also carry out deodorization process in deodorization groove after described compost maturity, deodorization process can remove the bad smell of this composite fertilizer, makes gaseous emission more be beneficial to environmental protection, reduces atmospheric pollution;
(5) dry, screening
Spread out by the material of step (4) fermentation maturity, airing 2-3 days, natural air drying is to moisture content less than 30%, and routine is pulverized, sieved, and filters out the material that granularity is 2-5mm;
(6) allocate
Fermentation materials after step (5) being screened accounts for according to n-p-k element the proportioning that the total mass per-cent after interpolation is N:P:K=2.5 ~ 2.8%:0.12 ~ 0.16%:0.7 ~ 1.3%, add urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate batching, Pesticidal and sterilizing again, obtains zymotic orange peels.
Described Pesticidal and sterilizing adopts the water vapour of 100 ~ 120 DEG C to carry out Pesticidal and sterilizing process at least 5 minutes;
Through zymotic orange peels organic component content >=55% prepared by aforesaid method, pH value 6.5-8.5, N P and K total amount >=8%, moisture≤30%, containing the abundant trace element such as boron, zinc, magnesium, other index is all better than the regulation of NY525-2012 " organic fertilizer ".
Described sandy soil stabilizer purple soil pH value 5.0 ~ 7.0, after conventional drying, water content less than 30%, pulverizes and sieves, and particle diameter is no more than 5mm.
Described soil insecticide is the soil insecticide of commercially available low toxicity, efficient, nuisanceless, noresidue;
Preferably soil insecticide is 50% calcium cyanamide particle agent further, is provided, address: Daiei road, Shizuishan City Dawukou District, Ningxia, during use, should operate in strict accordance with products instruction by Ningxia Darong Chemical and Metallurgy Co., Ltd..
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of citrus peel residue seedling medium, comprises the steps:
First according to composition of raw materials by zymotic orange peels and sandy soil stabilizer purple soil Homogeneous phase mixing, then with soil insecticide Homogeneous phase mixing, put the workspace of ventilation, spaciousness, anti-rain, spread out, material thickness 20-40cm, cladding thickness is the agricultural plastic film of 0.004 ~ 0.012mm, and under room temperature, desinsection goes out ovum, summer 1-3d, 5-7d, finally lifted thin film, spread out winter, material thickness 10-20cm, spreading for cooling 1-2d get product citrus peel residue seedling medium.
Aspergillus niger provided by the invention (Aspergillusniger) bacterial strain is specially bacterial strain aspergillus niger (Aspergillusniger) Li-2013-03 producing high activity cellulase.This bacterial strain is preserved in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's common micro-organisms center (be called for short CGMCC, address is: No. 3, No. 1, North Star West Road, Chaoyang District, city of BeiJing, China institute, postcode 100101) on July 15th, 2013, and preserving number is CGMCCNO.7927.There is following microbial characteristic: 1, morphological feature: biology morphology comprises conidium, born of the same parents' stalk, top capsule, produces several parts such as born of the same parents' structure.Conidial head is spherical to Radiation, and diameter 150-450 μm, conidiophore betides matrix.Born of the same parents obstruct stem 1000-3000 (length) × 12-20 (diameter) μm, yellow or tawny, and wall is level and smooth; Spherical or the almost spherical of top capsule, diameter 45-75 μm, surface can be educated comprehensively; Produce born of the same parents' structure double-deck, metulae 10-20 (length) × 4.5-7.0 (diameter) μm, bottle stalk 6-10 (length) × 2.5-3.5 (diameter) μm; conidium is spherical or subsphaeroidal; diameter 3-4.5 μm, brown, wall is coarse.2, feature is cultivated: bacterial strain grows rapidly on wort agar substratum, and 28 DEG C of 4 days spores can be paved with inclined-plane; Quality velvet shape or be slightly with cotton-shaped; Conidium structure is a large amount of, and brown-black, without transudate; Bacterium colony reverse side yellowish.3, physiological and biochemical property: Aspergillus niger strain CGMCCNo.7927 can grow in the carbon sources such as maize straw, straw, wood chip, potato, Semen Maydis powder, Zulkovsky starch, molasses, optimal pH scope 5-6, optimum growth temperature scope 28-33 DEG C, the suitableeest product enzyme temperature range 28-30 DEG C.
The triage techniques route of Aspergillus niger strain CGMCCNo.7927 of the present invention is: the preparation → mutagenic treatment → plate isolation → primary dcreening operation → multiple sieve → genetic stability of starting strain → slant culture → spore suspension measures → expand experiment (leavening property mensuration).
By mutagenesis screening scheme, mutant strain step-sizing is eliminated, finally to strain excellent through leavening property test screen, obtain a plant height and produce enzyme performance bacterial strain black-koji mould AspergillusnigerLi-2013-03, the circumscribed beta-glucanase of the cellulase after 96 hours of fermenting, Endo-β-glucanase, beta-glucosidase and filter paper enzyme activity reach 620U/mL, 1289U/mL, 456U/mL and 732U/mL respectively.
Aspergillus niger CGMCC3.316 provided by the invention buys in Beijing North Na Chuanlian Bioteknologisk Institut, address: North Sanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, postcode: 102228.
Described aspergillus niger CGMCC3.316 high yield tannase, polygalacturonase and cellulase, can grow in the carbon sources such as maize straw, straw, wood chip, potato, Semen Maydis powder, Zulkovsky starch, molasses, optimal pH scope 5-6, optimum growth temperature scope 25-28 DEG C, ferment in the crude enzyme liquid that obtains after 72-96 hour containing multiple enzyme, wherein, cellulase activity is 2500U/mL, pectinase activity is 1500U/mL, tannase vigor is 1000U/mL.
Beneficial effect:
1. the present invention is with the zymotic orange peels of fully degrading for raw material, replaces the Nonrenewable resources such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, vermiculite, the composite soil insecticide of science with sandy soil stabilizer purple soil, obtained a kind of without weeds, without insect; Physicals is good, and water-absorbent is reasonable, good air permeability; PH value is reasonable, and ion-exchange capacity is strong, balanced in nutrition; seedling rate is high, neat, that seedling is strong seedling medium of emerging, and not only greatly reduces the raw materials cost of seedling medium, and shortens the production cycle; do not restrict by factors such as weather, large-scale production can be carried out at any time.
2. the present invention adopts the acidity in deacidification yeast reduction citrus peel residue; instead of and existingly add the method that unslaked lime carries out deacidification; be not only postorder citrus peel residue enzymolysis and microorganism compost fermentation provide suitable yeasting; and add the fermentable bacterial classification of compost fermentation; improve enzymolysis and compost fermentation effect, prevent soil calcification and alkalization, be conducive to soil protection; avoid the secondary pollution produced because of fertilising, protect environment.
3. the present invention increases temperature of charge by adding a small amount of liquid microbe microbial inoculum in compost primary fermentation process, property of raw material simultaneously for citrus peel residue adds mixing enzyme preparation, effectively thoroughly degrade the biodegradable component in pectin in citrus peel residue, Mierocrystalline cellulose, carbohydrate and feces of livestock and poultry, be beneficial to the absorption of the rear Plant To Nutrient material of fertilising, raw material is fully utilized.
4. the zymotic orange peels prepared of the present invention, its organic content more than 55%, pH value 6.5-8.5, N P and K total amount >=8%, the humic acids be rich in organic matter, has good soda acid resiliency, effectively can improve soil aggregate, improve soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), regulate soil pH value, improve preserving soil moisture ability, and activity and the beneficial microorganism breeding of soil enzyme can be stimulated, improve soil fertility structure, N, P, K content meets the best demand of Ci trus growth.
4. preparation method's technique of citrus peel residue seedling medium of the present invention is simple; low for equipment requirements; citrus peel residue fermentation 12-15 days, the maximum 5-7 days of seedling medium Pesticidal and sterilizing, substantially reduces the production cycle; 18-20 days is shortened than prior art; and do not restrict by factors such as weather, mass-producing at any time can produce seedling medium in enormous quantities, directly effectively carry out innoxious, the large batch of process of citrus peel residue; improve economic and social benefit, protect environment.
Embodiment
The present invention is described below by specific embodiment.Unless stated otherwise, technique means used in the present invention is method known in those skilled in the art.In addition, embodiment is interpreted as illustrative, but not limits the scope of the invention, and the spirit and scope of the invention only limited by claims.To those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite not deviating from essence of the present invention and scope, the various change carry out the material component in these embodiments and consumption or change also belong to protection scope of the present invention.
The preparation of embodiment 1 liquid microbe microbial inoculum
(1) aspergillus niger CGMCCNO.7927 spreads cultivation the preparation of fermented liquid
By the slant strains of intact aspergillus niger CGMCCNo.7927 through actication of culture and one-level, secondary, three grades of liquid seeds and seeding tank step by step enlarged culturing obtain liquid seeds, with 6% inoculum size access fermentor tank, culture temperature 30 DEG C, stirring velocity 400rpm, ventilation (V/V) 1:2, incubation time 12h; Then with 2 DEG C/h rate of temperature fall slow cooling to 12 DEG C, constant temperature culture 18h; Continue with 2 DEG C/h rate of temperature fall slow cooling to 3 DEG C, now, liquid seeds is added access fermentor tank with 4% inoculum size, constant temperature culture 24h; Finally slowly be warming up to 12 DEG C, constant temperature culture 18h with 2 DEG C/h temperature rise rate; Continue slowly to be warming up to 30 DEG C with 2 DEG C/h temperature rise rate, namely constant temperature culture 18h obtains the fermented liquid that spreads cultivation;
Described slant medium consists of: casein food grade 4g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2g, magnesium chloride 0.6g, Repone K 0.8g, ferrous sulfate 0.02g, glucose 20g, agar 20g, distilled water l000mL, pH value 5.8,121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min.
Described one-level, secondary, three grades of seed culture mediums consist of: dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2g, magnesium chloride 0.6g, Repone K 0.8g, ferrous sulfate 0.02g, glucose 20g, trehalose 20g, distilled water l000mL, pH value 5.5,121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min.
Described seed tank culture base consists of: Semen Maydis powder 55g, bean powder 20g, wheat bran 12g, fish meal 12g, calcium chloride 8g, ammonium chloride 2g, Sodium phosphate dibasic 2g, trehalose 20g, pure water l000mL, pH value 6,121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min.
Described one-tenth fermention medium consists of: Semen Maydis powder 55g, bean powder 20g, wheat bran 12g, fish meal 12g, calcium chloride 8g, ammonium chloride 2g, Sodium phosphate dibasic 2g, trehalose 30g, pure water l000mL, pH value 6,121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min.
Described fermented liquid cell concentration is 9.0x10
10individual/mL.
(2) aspergillus niger CGMCC3.316 spreads cultivation the preparation of fermented liquid
By the slant strains of intact aspergillus niger CGMCC3.316 through actication of culture and one-level, secondary, three grades of liquid seeds and seeding tank step by step enlarged culturing obtain liquid seeds, with 10% inoculum size access fermentor tank, culture temperature 28 DEG C, stirring velocity 300rpm, ventilation (V/V) 1:3, cultivates 96h and namely obtains the fermented liquid that spreads cultivation;
Described slant medium consists of: casein food grade 4g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2g, magnesium chloride 0.6g, Repone K 0.8g, ferrous sulfate 0.02g, glucose 20g, agar 20g, distilled water l000mL, pH value 5.8,121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min.
Described one-level, secondary, three grades of seed culture mediums consist of: dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 2g, magnesium chloride 0.6g, Repone K 0.8g, ferrous sulfate 0.02g, glucose 20g, distilled water l000mL, pH value 5.5,121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min.
Described seed tank culture base consists of: Semen Maydis powder 55g, bean powder 20g, wheat bran 12g, fish meal 12g, calcium chloride 8g, ammonium chloride 2g, Sodium phosphate dibasic 2g, pure water l000mL, pH value 6,121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min.
Described one-tenth fermention medium consists of: Semen Maydis powder 55g, bean powder 20g, wheat bran 12g, fish meal 12g, calcium chloride 8g, ammonium chloride 2g, Sodium phosphate dibasic 2g, pure water l000mL, pH value 6,121 DEG C of sterilizing 20min.
Described fermented liquid cell concentration is 9.0x10
10individual/mL.
The aspergillus niger CGMCCNO.7927 of above-mentioned preparation and aspergillus niger CGMCC3.316 is spread cultivation fermented liquid in mass ratio 9:7 mix and obtain liquid microbe microbial inoculum.
The preparation of embodiment 2 zymotic orange peels
Raw material: citrus peel residue is the oranges and tangerines waste residue after squeezing the juice, moisture content 70%, pH value 3.8; Feces of livestock and poultry, moisture content 55%; Moisture adjuster, through wheat stalk, rice straw, maize straw, husk, chaff shell, the wood chip mixture pulverized, grinding particle size 4mm, moisture content 4%;
The preparation method of described zymotic orange peels comprises the steps:
(1) citrus peel residue deacidification
Get the citrus peel residue of raw material total mass 55%, be crushed to granularity 4mm, the deacidification yeast adding citrus peel residue quality 0.8% carries out fermentation 36h in room temperature, stirs once every 12h, until citrus peel residue pH value is down to 6;
Described deacidification yeast is made up of the fermented liquid that spreads cultivation of pichia spp, fission yeast and wine yeast; In the fermented liquid that spreads cultivation of described pichia spp, fission yeast and wine yeast, yeast concentration is respectively 9.0x10
8individual/mL, 6.0x10
8individual/mL and 8.0x10
7individual/mL; The mass ratio that described pichia spp, fission yeast and wine yeast fermented liquid mix is 3:2:1;
(2) batch mixing
The wheat stalk of raw material total mass 4%, rice straw, the maize straw of 3%, husk, the chaff shell of 2%, the wood chip Homogeneous phase mixing of 2% of 2% of 3% is added to step (1) citrus peel residue after deacidification, the moisture content regulating mixture is 55%, then with the chicken manure of raw materials quality 21.75% and the pig manure Homogeneous phase mixing of 7.25%;
(3) compost primary fermentation
The mixture that step (2) processes is added the liquid microbe microbial inoculum of embodiment 1 preparation and the mixing enzyme preparation of 1% of mixture quality 0.8%, Homogeneous phase mixing, pile up growth ridge, cover straw screen or mat and carry out compost enzymolysis and microorganism primary fermentation, when temperature rises to 50 DEG C, turning once, and turning like this completes compost primary fermentation 2 times;
Described mixing enzyme preparation parts by weight consist of: polygalacturonase 25 parts, Pullulanase 12 parts, cellulase 8 parts, tannase 8 parts, beta-glucanase 4 parts, zytase 4 parts, 4 parts, proteolytic enzyme;
(4) compost maturity
Liquid microbe microbial inoculum prepared by the embodiment 1 that the material of compost primary fermentation adds mixture quality 2% in step (3), Homogeneous phase mixing, piles up growth ridge, covers straw screen or mat and carry out compost maturity, when temperature rises to 70 DEG C, turning once, and turning like this completes compost maturity 4 times;
Described complete ripeness standard is odorless; Coffee-like; Temperature below 40 DEG C, and remains unchanged; No longer heat up after turning; Complete ripeness pile water content is below 35%;
(5) screen
Spread out by the material of step (4) fermentation maturity, airing 2 days, natural air drying is to moisture content less than 30%, and routine is pulverized, sieved, and filters out the material that granularity is 3-4mm;
(6) allocate
It is the proportioning of N:P:K=2.8%:0.16%:1.3% that fermentation materials after step (5) being screened accounts for the total mass per-cent after interpolation according to n-p-k element, adds urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate batching, then Pesticidal and sterilizing, obtains zymotic orange peels.
Described Pesticidal and sterilizing adopts the water vapour of 100 ~ 120 DEG C to carry out Pesticidal and sterilizing process 5 minutes;
The zymotic orange peels organic component content prepared through aforesaid method is 58%, pH value 6.5, N P and K total amount 10%, moisture 28%, and containing the abundant trace element such as boron, zinc, magnesium, other index is all better than the regulation of NY525-2012 " organic fertilizer ".
The preparation of embodiment 3-6 citrus peel residue seedling medium
1. embodiment 3-6 raw material composition is as table 1:
Table 1
| Project | Zymotic orange peels | Sandy soil stabilizer purple soil | 50% calcium cyanamide particle | Worm's ovum inactivation ratio (%) |
| Embodiment 3 | 5 parts | 15 parts | 0.05 part | 100 |
| Embodiment 4 | 7 parts | 20 parts | 0.4 part | 100 |
| Embodiment 5 | 8 parts | 25 parts | 0.6 part | 100 |
| Embodiment 6 | 10 parts | 30 parts | 0.8 part | 100 |
Described citrus peel residue is zymotic orange peels prepared by embodiment 2;
Described sandy soil stabilizer purple soil pH value 6.0, after conventional drying, water content is 28%, pulverizes and sieves, and particle diameter is 4mm.
Described 50% calcium cyanamide particle agent is provided by Ningxia Darong Chemical and Metallurgy Co., Ltd., granularity 4mm.
2. preparation method:
First according to above-mentioned raw materials formula by zymotic orange peels and sandy soil stabilizer purple soil Homogeneous phase mixing, then with 50% calcium cyanamide particle Homogeneous phase mixing, put the workspace of ventilation, spaciousness, anti-rain, spread out, material thickness 30cm, cladding thickness is the agricultural plastic film of 0.01mm, under room temperature, desinsection goes out ovum 1-7d, finally lifts thin film, spreads out, material thickness 15cm, spreading for cooling 2d get product citrus peel residue seedling medium.
Embodiment 7 seedling medium of the present invention and the simultaneous test of common seedling medium in oranges and tangerines nursery
1.1 materials and methods
Within 2013, in Chongqing, a certain large-scale oranges and tangerines nursery carries out.Three kinds of seedling mediums used are: seedling medium prepared by A-embodiment of the present invention 5; Nutrition Soil prepared by B-patent of invention CN102887791B embodiment 5; C-with the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite, the vermiculite seedling medium prepared of 3:1:1 Homogeneous phase mixing in mass ratio;
Oranges and tangerines seedling used is that the trifoliate orange anvil of grafting in September, 2012 irrigates mandarin orange (Orah) bud seedling; Container for plant growth is the conventional little side's bucket of acrylic plastering (being called for short " nursery bucket "), and specification (length suitable for reading × wide × bucket is high) is 10cm × 10cm × 34cm.In February, 2013, be respectively charged in nursery bucket by above-mentioned 3 kinds of seedling mediums, often kind of seedling medium fills 16 nursery buckets, and the trifoliate orange anvil that 1 strain size of planting in each nursery bucket is close with growth potential irrigates mandarin orange bud seedling, amounts to 48 strains.Bud seedling plant after the management process method conventional with current China oranges and tangerines container nursery identical.
1.2 measure
All test nursery stocks are carrying out nursery stock rugosity, height and whole strain fresh weight mensuration dormant November then.
1.3 data processing
Testing data adopts Statistica.v6.0 software to carry out statistical study, by the difference (P<0.05) between least significant difference (LSD) test inspection process.
2 results and analysis
2.1 different seedling medium process are on the impact of fertile mandarin orange container seedling plant strain growth
The trifoliate orange anvil that table 2 is different seedling medium process irrigates mandarin orange container seedling growth amount:
Table 2
| Seedling medium | Plant height (cm) | Dry thick (cm) | Complete stool fresh weight (g) |
| A | 98.24a | 8.12a | 153.68a |
| B | 95.99a | 7.81a | 147.68a |
| C | 81.98b | 7.04ab | 124.93ab |
Note: in table, after different digital, different lowercase alphabet shows significant difference (P<0.05).
2.2 interpretations of result: as can be seen from Table 2, under similarity condition, seedling medium of the present invention is adopted to cultivate fertile mandarin orange kind bud seedling 9 months, the growth performances such as its seedling plant height, dry thick and complete stool fresh weight are all better than other two kinds of seedling mediums, have that seedling rate is high, neat, that seedling is strong advantage of emerging, there is good promotion prospect.
Embodiment 8 desinsection of the present invention goes out ovum simultaneous test
Test group: seedling medium preparation method of the present invention; Control group: patent of invention CN102887791B preparation method;
Two kinds of preparation methods are adopted to measure the lethality rate of harmful worm's ovum as table 3 and table 4 to same seedling medium
The same temperature and time of table 3, harmful worm's ovum lethality rate
| Project | Test group | Control group |
| Daytime room temperature 35 DEG C 25 days | 100% | 98% |
| Daytime room temperature 25 DEG C 25 days | 100% | 92% |
| Daytime room temperature 15 DEG C 25 days | 100% | 85% |
| Daytime room temperature 5 DEG C 25 days | 100% | 12% |
Table 4 room temperature on daytime 35 DEG C of conditions are issued to same lethality rate required time
| Project | Test group (my god) | Control group (my god) |
| Lethality rate 100% | 3 | 30 |
| Lethality rate 98% | 2 | 25 |
| Lethality rate 90% | 0.5 | 20 |
From the Analysis of test results of table 3 and table 4, it is high that the preparation method of seedling medium of the present invention has harmful worm's ovum lethality rate relative to prior art, and the time is short, greatly can shorten the production cycle, and does not affect by weather temperature, throughout the year all can scale operation at any time.
Claims (5)
1. a citrus peel residue seedling medium, is characterized in that, is prepared: zymotic orange peels 5-10 part by the raw material of following parts by weight, sandy soil stabilizer purple soil 15-30 part, soil insecticide 0.05-0.8 part;
Described zymotic orange peels is prepared by the citrus peel residue of 50-60% mass ratio and the organic auxiliary material of 40-50% mass ratio, citrus peel residue is comprised the steps: to be crushed to granularity 3-5mm, the deacidification yeast adding citrus peel residue quality 0.5-1.2% carries out fermentation 24-72h in room temperature, stir once every 12h, until citrus peel residue pH value is down to 6-7; Then add moisture adjuster, Homogeneous phase mixing, regulate the moisture content of mixture to be 50-60% and with the feces of livestock and poultry Homogeneous phase mixing of moisture content 50-60%; Then the liquid microbe microbial inoculum of mixture total mass 0.5-1% and the mixing enzyme preparation of 0.5-1.5% is added, Homogeneous phase mixing, pile up growth ridge, cover straw screen or mat and carry out compost enzymolysis and microorganism primary fermentation, when temperature rises to 40-55 DEG C, turning once, and turning like this completes compost primary fermentation for 1-2 time; Finally add the liquid microbe microbial inoculum of mixture total mass 1-3%, Homogeneous phase mixing, pile up growth ridge, cover straw screen or mat and carry out compost maturity, when temperature rises to 65-70 DEG C, turning once, turning like this completes compost maturity 3-4 time, spread out, airing 2-3 days, natural air drying is to moisture content less than 30%, pulverize, sieve, filter out the material that granularity is 2-5mm; Account for according to n-p-k element the proportioning that the total mass per-cent after interpolation is N:P:K=2.5 ~ 2.8%:0.12 ~ 0.16%:0.7 ~ 1.3%, add urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate batching, then Pesticidal and sterilizing, obtain zymotic orange peels;
Described deacidification yeast is made up of the fermented liquid that spreads cultivation of pichia spp, fission yeast and wine yeast, and mass ratio of its mixing is 1-5:1-3:0.5-1.5; In the fermented liquid that spreads cultivation of described pichia spp, fission yeast and wine yeast, yeast concentration is respectively 8.0x10
8-9.0x10
8individual/mL, 5.0x10
8-6.0x10
8individual/mL and 7.0x10
7-8.0x10
7individual/mL;
Described liquid microbe microbial inoculum is made up of the fermented liquid that spreads cultivation of aspergillus niger (Aspergillusniger) CGMCCNO.7927, aspergillus niger (Aspergillusniger) CGMCC3.316, the mass ratio of its mixing is 8-11:5-7, and its fermented liquid cell concentration is 8.0x10
10-9.0x10
10individual/mL;
Described mixing enzyme preparation parts by weight consist of: polygalacturonase 20-30 part, Pullulanase 10-15 part, cellulase 5-10 part, tannase 5-10 part, beta-glucanase 3-5 part, zytase 3-5 part, protease 3-5 parts;
Described organic auxiliary material is made up of feces of livestock and poultry and moisture adjuster;
Described sandy soil stabilizer purple soil pH value 5.0 ~ 7.0, after conventional drying, water content less than 30%, pulverizes and sieves, and particle diameter is no more than 5mm;
Described soil insecticide is 50% calcium cyanamide particle agent.
2. citrus peel residue seedling medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described moisture adjuster be wheat stalk through pulverizing, rice straw, maize straw, husk, chaff shell, wood chip, through extracting the mixture that in the sweet wormwood slag obtained after Artemisinin, the vegetable seed slag obtained after oil expression or seeds of a tung oil tree slag, the peat composed of rotten mosses, wheat bran, one or more organic matter mixes with arbitrary proportion, grinding particle size 2-5mm, the water content < 5% of described moisture adjuster.
3. citrus peel residue seedling medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described feces of livestock and poultry is the mixture of chicken manure and pig manure, and mixing quality is than being 3-5:1-3.
4. the preparation method of a citrus peel residue seedling medium as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described citrus peel residue seedling medium is prepared by the raw material of following parts by weight: zymotic orange peels 5-10 part, sandy soil stabilizer purple soil 15-30 part, soil insecticide 0.05-0.8 part;
Described zymotic orange peels is prepared by the citrus peel residue of 50-60% mass ratio and the organic auxiliary material of 40-50% mass ratio, citrus peel residue is comprised the steps: to be crushed to granularity 3-5mm, the deacidification yeast adding citrus peel residue quality 0.5-1.2% carries out fermentation 24-72h in room temperature, stir once every 12h, until citrus peel residue pH value is down to 6-7; Then add moisture adjuster, Homogeneous phase mixing, regulate the moisture content of mixture to be 50-60% and with the feces of livestock and poultry Homogeneous phase mixing of moisture content 50-60%; Then the liquid microbe microbial inoculum of mixture total mass 0.5-1% and the mixing enzyme preparation of 0.5-1.5% is added, Homogeneous phase mixing, pile up growth ridge, cover straw screen or mat and carry out compost enzymolysis and microorganism primary fermentation, when temperature rises to 40-55 DEG C, turning once, and turning like this completes compost primary fermentation for 1-2 time; Finally add the liquid microbe microbial inoculum of mixture total mass 1-3%, Homogeneous phase mixing, pile up growth ridge, cover straw screen or mat and carry out compost maturity, when temperature rises to 65-70 DEG C, turning once, turning like this completes compost maturity 3-4 time, spread out, airing 2-3 days, natural air drying is to moisture content less than 30%, pulverize, sieve, filter out the material that granularity is 2-5mm; Account for according to n-p-k element the proportioning that the total mass per-cent after interpolation is N:P:K=2.5 ~ 2.8%:0.12 ~ 0.16%:0.7 ~ 1.3%, add urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate batching, then Pesticidal and sterilizing, obtain zymotic orange peels;
Described sandy soil stabilizer purple soil pH value 5.0 ~ 7.0, after conventional drying, water content less than 30%, pulverizes and sieves, and particle diameter is no more than 5mm;
Described soil insecticide is 50% calcium cyanamide particle agent;
First according to above-mentioned raw materials formula by zymotic orange peels and sandy soil stabilizer purple soil Homogeneous phase mixing, then with 50% calcium cyanamide particle agent Homogeneous phase mixing, put the workspace of ventilation, spaciousness, anti-rain, spread out, material thickness 20-40cm, cladding thickness is the agricultural plastic film of 0.004 ~ 0.012mm, and under room temperature, desinsection goes out ovum, summer 1-3d, 5-7d, finally lifted thin film, spread out winter, material thickness 10-20cm, spreading for cooling 1-2d get product citrus peel residue seedling medium.
5. the preparation method of citrus peel residue seedling medium as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the citrus peel residue after described compost maturity carries out airing, allotment carry out deodorization process in deodorization groove after again.
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| CN104072220B (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆鑫禾生物科技有限责任公司 | A kind of sweet wormwood biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104756790B (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2017-03-08 | 山西省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of cultivation matrix cultivating Fructus Vitis viniferae seedlings and preparation method thereof |
| CN106069337A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 固镇县华丰蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of tomato seedling substrate |
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| CN109258387A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-01-25 | 靖西市金峰贸易有限公司 | A kind of Chinese medicine nursery Nutrition Soil and preparation method thereof |
| CN109601327A (en) * | 2018-12-14 | 2019-04-12 | 广西特色作物研究院 | A kind of citrus seedling medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN109704862A (en) * | 2019-02-13 | 2019-05-03 | 重庆派森百橙汁有限公司 | The method of organic breeding based on the fermentation of skin slag |
| CN113796283A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2021-12-17 | 四川嘉道博文生态科技有限公司 | Citrus seedling culture substrate and citrus seedling planting method |
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