CN101849500B - Seedling culture substrate, preparation method and application thereof in vegetable plug seedling culture - Google Patents
Seedling culture substrate, preparation method and application thereof in vegetable plug seedling culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN101849500B CN101849500B CN2010101999876A CN201010199987A CN101849500B CN 101849500 B CN101849500 B CN 101849500B CN 2010101999876 A CN2010101999876 A CN 2010101999876A CN 201010199987 A CN201010199987 A CN 201010199987A CN 101849500 B CN101849500 B CN 101849500B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water-saving and fertilizer-holding seedling culture substrate, which is prepared by compounding vermiculite and water retention agents in certain proportion, wherein the vermiculite serves as a base material; and the water retention agents have different particle sizes and fully absorb high-concentration fertilizers. The invention also relates to a method for preparing the substrate and the method for performing vegetable plug seedling culture by using the substrate. The seedling culture substrate and the method for performing the vegetable plug seedling culture have the advantages that: seedlings are watered only with clear water in a seedling culture period, so seedling culture procedures are greatly simplified, labor efficiency can be improved by 0.5-1 time, the seedlings are grown fast and have developed root systems, the seedling culture period is shortened by 5 to 7 days, fresh water and turf resources can be saved and the cost is reduced by 20 to 30 percent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of seedling medium and the application in vegetable plug seedling thereof, belong to the cultivation technique without soil field.
Background technology
Along with developing rapidly of facilities horticulture, cultivation technique without soil and industrial hole plate seedling growth technology be just in the large tracts of land promotion and application, and become a core technology that promotes China's Development of Vegetable Industry, brought into play huge effect to promoting industrialized agriculture to increase production and improve productivity.The selection of seedling medium and corresponding cultivation techniques are important contents of industrial hole plate seedling growth technology.The disclosed cultivation technique without soil of prior art, what plug seedling substrate adopted mostly is to be the composite interstitial substance of primary raw material with the peat composed of rotten mosses, but because the peat composed of rotten mosses is non-renewable resource, a large amount of exploitations can cause environmental destruction, and cost is higher; In addition, matrix moisture capacitys such as the peat composed of rotten mosses, mushroom slag are relatively poor, and efficiency of water application is low, and are more outstanding in point disk seedling growing time performance in summer, and the increase of water spray number of times has not only strengthened the recruitment cost, and has reduced the air capacity of soils of root system, has prolonged growing-seedling period; The fertilizer supply of point disk seedling growing is mainly based on the sterilization chicken manure, irregular foliage-spray chemical fertilizer in the growth of seedling process, and this method can not satisfy the required whole fertilizer of growth of seedling, and needs higher technology and more labour.For this reason, seek a kind of point disk seedling growing that can effectively overcome above-mentioned defective, have realistic meaning with matrix and vegetable plug seedling method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of water-saving fertilizer-preserving seedling medium, this matrix is stored in the water-loss reducer with certain form and mode, can not produce the difficult problem of emerging because of concentration obstacle, can satisfy the needs that the rice shoot seedling growth is grown again, simplified the program of growing seedlings, improved the quality of seedlings, and the vegetable plug seedling production that is suitable for intensifying.
The present invention also aims to provide a kind of preparation method of seedling medium.
The present invention also aims to provide the application method of a kind of seedling medium in vegetable plug seedling.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of seedling medium, by vermiculite and abundant composite the forming of water-loss reducer that absorbs nutrient solution, wherein, the vermiculite particle diameter is 1～3mm, the main component of water-loss reducer is an acrylamide and acrylic acid salt crosslinking copolymerization thing, form by two kinds of particle diameters of A, B, particle diameter A:0.85～1.6mm, particle diameter B:＜0.3mm, two kinds of particle diameters of A, B are mixed for (3: 1)～(2: 1) by volume, dry water-loss reducer volume is 0.3%～0.4% of a vermiculite volume, the dry water-loss reducer of every 1L (liter) absorbs 40～50L nutrient solution, and active ingredient that contains in the nutrient solution and content are: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:4.725g/L, KNO
3: 3.035g/L, NH
4H
2PO
4: 0.575g/L, MgSO
47H
2O:2.465g/L.
The preparation method of described seedling medium comprises the steps:
(1) preparation of vermiculite
Calculate the vermiculite volume according to required cave dish specification and quantity;
(2) calculate the water-loss reducer consumption
Calculate dry water-loss reducer volume by the vermiculite volume;
(3) nutrient solution preparation
40～50 times of preparation nutrient solutions by required water-loss reducer volume;
(4) soak water-loss reducer
Water-loss reducer is put into nutrient solution, and normal temperature soaks after 5～6 hours down, and nutrient solution is fully absorbed by water-loss reducer;
(5) vermiculite mixes with water-loss reducer
At vermiculite surface sprinkling clear water, the clear water volume is 1.8～2 times of vermiculite volumes, vermiculite water content 30%～40% of the water content that reaches capacity behind the mixing; Then, vermiculite is paved, thickness is 15～20cm, and the water-loss reducer that fully absorbs nutrient solution is poured on the vermiculite top, can obtain seedling medium after fully being mixed.
The application of above-mentioned seedling medium in vegetable plug seedling may further comprise the steps:
(1) chooses full, germination rate at the vegetable seeds more than 85%;
(2) seedling medium of mixing is packed into cave dish;
(3) matrix compacting in the cave dish, seed is placed in the middle of the cave, one in every cave, finishing the back, to cover particle diameter be 1～2mm, thickness 0.5～1cm vermiculite;
(4) cave dish is watered permeable, be placed on the bed of growing seedlings that is covered with plastic film, covering with plastic film, or the cave dish placed in the germinating cabinet, by different vegetable biological property control germination temperature;
(5) behind the seed sprouting, open mulch film, or leave the germinating cabinet, suitably reduce temperature and air humidity;
(6) suitably water clear water, keeping the water content of mixed-matrix is 65%～90% (in mass) of saturation moisture content;
(7) after root system is full of the hole of growing seedlings fully, extracts root system and can fully matrix and water-loss reducer be taken out of, facility or outdoor cropping are arrived in the vegetable seedling field planting.
The good effect that the present invention obtains is:
Seedling medium of the present invention is rich in the required whole nutritive elements of plant growing by vermiculite and the abundant composite inorganic matrix that forms of water-loss reducer that absorbs the high concentration nutrient solution, can equilibrium satisfy the crops seedling stage growth enduringly to nutrient demand; Adopt this substrate seedling phase only to water clear water and get final product, simplified the program of growing seedlings greatly, the moisture capacity of matrix significantly improves simultaneously, and the water spray number of times significantly reduces, and whole nursery stage can economize on water 15%～20%, and efficiency improves 0.5～1 times; Adopt this substrate seedling, seed sprouting is fast and neat, and the cotyledon hypertrophy, and the seedling growth rate of development is fast and healthy and strong, and whole nursery stage can shorten 5～7 days; This matrix quality is light, venting capability good, the seedlings root prosperity, and also root system can pass water-loss reducer, and the rate that sticks together of loosing significantly reduces, and the quality of seedlings is obviously high; This matrix has been saved ecological resources fully without the peat composed of rotten mosses, and vermiculite, water-loss reducer, fertilizer all do not have germ simultaneously, have avoided the impregnating mangle meeting of root system pathogen.Simultaneously, this matrix low price is that main mixed-matrix price reduces by 20%～30% than peat, adopts the industrial hole plate seedling growth technology of this matrix simple, easily promotes.
Embodiment
In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment: embodiment 1
Tomato: 72 holes dish, dry water-loss reducer volume is 0.4% of a vermiculite volume, water-loss reducer A, B particle diameter proportioning 2: 1,50 times of water-loss reducer volumes of nutrient solution volume.
For obtaining promising result, present embodiment is summarized as follows each step priority research experiment of tomato point disk seedling growing process:
1, seedling medium preparation
(1) selecting particle diameter is that 1～3mm vermiculite is a base material;
(2) select 100 on 72 holes dish, every cave dish needs the about 3.5L of vermiculite, and 100 cave dishes need vermiculite 350L;
(3) (main component of water-loss reducer is an acrylamide and acrylic acid salt crosslinking copolymerization thing to calculate dry water-loss reducer in vermiculite cumulative volume 0.4% ratio, purchase in the vast Technew SA of Beijing Chinese power) consumption, be 1.4L, two kinds of water-loss reducer particle diameter A:1.2mm, B:0.2mm, by volume ratio preparation in 2: 1, therefore, needing particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.934L of A, and needing particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.467L of B;
(4) compounding high concentration nutrient solution 70L (be water-loss reducer volume 50 times), active ingredient that contains in the nutrient solution and content are: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:330.75g, KNO
3: 212.45g, NH
4H
2PO
4: 40.25g/L, MgSO
47H
2O:172.55g puts into water-loss reducer then, and normal temperature soaks after 6 hours down, and the high concentration nutrient solution can fully be absorbed by water-loss reducer.
(5) mix: after pouring out dried vermiculite, at surface sprinkling clear water 700L, regulating the vermiculite water content is 40% of saturation moisture content.Vermiculite is paved, and thickness is 15～20cm, and the water-loss reducer that fully absorbs nutrient solution is poured on the vermiculite top, fully is mixed and promptly obtains seedling medium.
2, the application of described seedling medium in the tomato point disk seedling growing may further comprise the steps:
(1) choosing full, germination rate grows seedlings at the tomato seeds more than 90%;
(2) matrix of above-mentioned mixing is packed into 72 holes dish;
(3) the cave dish that will fill matrix is stacked together, firmly with the matrix compacting, and sowing then, one in every cave, seed is placed in the middle of every cave, and every dish finishes the back, and to cover particle diameter be that 1～2mm, thickness are the 1cm vermiculite;
(4) cave dish is watered permeable, be placed on the bed of growing seedlings that is covered with plastic film, covering with plastic film, temperature is controlled at 25～28 ℃;
(5) behind the seed sprouting, open mulch film, suitably reduce temperature and humidity;
(6) only water clear water in the nursery stage, keeping the water content of mixed-matrix is 65%～90% (in mass) of saturation moisture content;
The seedling plant height reaches 15～20cm after (7) 25～30 days, and this moment, root system was full of the hole of growing seedlings fully, extracted root system and can fully matrix and water-loss reducer be taken out of, and facility or outdoor cropping are arrived in the tomato seedling field planting.
Embodiment 2
Cucumber: 50 holes dish, dry water-loss reducer volume is 0.3% of a vermiculite volume, water-loss reducer A, B particle diameter proportioning 3: 1,40 times of water-loss reducer volumes of nutrient solution volume.
Present embodiment has carried out experimental study to each step of cucumber point disk seedling growing process, is summarized as follows:
1, seedling medium preparation
(1) selecting particle diameter is that 1～3mm vermiculite is a base material;
(2) select 100 on 50 holes dish, every cave dish needs the about 3.6L of vermiculite, and 100 cave dishes need vermiculite 360L;
(3) press vermiculite cumulative volume 0.3% and calculate dry water-loss reducer (it is identical with embodiment 1 to originate) consumption, be 1.08L, the water-loss reducer particle diameter is selected two kinds of A:1.0mm, B:0.25mm, by volume ratio preparation in 3: 1, therefore, needing particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.81L of A, and needing particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.27L of B;
(4) by the 40 multiple proportions example compounding high concentration nutrient solution 43.2L of above-mentioned water-loss reducer volume, the active ingredient that contains in the nutrient solution is: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:204.12g, KNO
3: 131.11g, NH
4H
2PO
4: 24.84g, MgSO
47H
2O:106.49g puts into water-loss reducer then, and normal temperature soaks after 5 hours down, and the high concentration nutrient solution can fully be absorbed by water-loss reducer.
(5) mix: after pouring out dried vermiculite, at surface sprinkling clear water 650L, regulating the vermiculite water content is 30% of saturation moisture content.Vermiculite is paved, and thickness is 15～20cm, and the water-loss reducer that fully absorbs nutrient solution is poured on the vermiculite top, fully is mixed and promptly obtains seedling medium.
2, the application of described seedling medium in the cucumber point disk seedling growing may further comprise the steps:
(1) choosing full, germination rate grows seedlings at the cucumber seeds more than 90%;
(2) matrix of above-mentioned mixing is packed into 50 holes dish;
(3) the cave dish that will fill matrix is stacked together, firmly with the matrix compacting, and sowing then, one in every cave, seed is placed in the middle of every cave, and it is that 1cm, particle diameter are 1～2mm vermiculite that every dish finishes the back cladding thickness;
(4) cave dish is watered permeable, be placed on the bed of growing seedlings that is covered with plastic film, covering with plastic film, temperature is controlled at 23～25 ℃ (are lower than 2～3 ℃ of normal germination temperatures, prevent excessive growth);
(5) behind the seed sprouting, open mulch film, temperature is controlled at 23～25 ℃ of daytimes, 15～17 ℃ of nights, air humidity＜80%;
(6) only water clear water in the nursery stage, keeping the water content of mixed-matrix is 65%～90% (in mass) of saturation moisture content;
Seedling grows 4～5 true leaves after (7) 20～23 days, and about plant height 13～16cm, this moment, root system was full of the hole of growing seedlings fully, extracted root system and can fully matrix and water-loss reducer be taken out of, and facility or outdoor cropping are arrived in the cucumber seedling field planting.
Embodiment 3
Capsicum: 72 holes dish, dry water-loss reducer volume is 0.4% of a vermiculite volume, water-loss reducer A, B particle diameter proportioning 3: 1,40 times of water-loss reducer volumes of nutrient solution volume.
Present embodiment is successively tested each step of capsicum point disk seedling growing process, is summarized as follows:
1, seedling medium preparation
(1) selecting particle diameter is that 1～3mm vermiculite is a base material;
(2) select 50 on 72 holes dish, every cave dish needs the about 3.5L of vermiculite, and 50 cave dishes need vermiculite 175L;
(3) press vermiculite cumulative volume 0.4% and calculate dry water-loss reducer (source is with embodiment 1) consumption, be 0.7L, the water-loss reducer particle diameter is selected two kinds of A:1.2mm, B:0.2mm, by volume ratio preparation in 3: 1, therefore, needing particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.525L of A, and needing particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.175L of B;
(4) by the 40 multiple proportions example compounding high concentration nutrient solution 28L of above-mentioned water-loss reducer volume, active ingredient that contains in the nutrient solution and content are: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:132.3g, KNO
3: 84.98g, NH
4H
2PO
4: 16.1g, MgSO
47H
2O:69.02g puts into water-loss reducer then, and normal temperature soaks after 5 hours down, and the high concentration nutrient solution can fully be absorbed by water-loss reducer;
(5) mix: after pouring out dried vermiculite, at surface sprinkling clear water 360L, regulating the vermiculite water content is 40% of saturation moisture content.Vermiculite is paved, and thickness is 15～20cm, and the water-loss reducer that fully absorbs nutrient solution is poured on the vermiculite top, fully is mixed and promptly obtains seedling medium.
2, the application of described seedling medium in the capsicum point disk seedling growing may further comprise the steps:
(1) choosing full, germination rate grows seedlings at the pepper seed more than 90%;
(2) matrix of above-mentioned mixing is packed into 72 holes dish;
(3) the cave dish that will fill matrix is stacked together, firmly with the matrix compacting, and sowing then, one in every cave, seed is placed in the middle of every cave, and it is that 0.8cm, particle diameter are 1～2mm vermiculite that every dish finishes the back cladding thickness;
(4) cave dish is watered permeable, be placed on the bed of growing seedlings that is covered with plastic film, covering with plastic film, temperature is controlled at 28～30 ℃;
(5) behind the seed sprouting, open mulch film, temperature is controlled at 25～28 ℃ of daytimes, 15～18 ℃ of nights, air humidity＜80%;
(6) only water clear water in the nursery stage, keeping the water content of mixed-matrix is 65%～90%9 (in mass) of saturation moisture content;
Seedling grows 4～5 true leaves after (7) 30～35 days, and about plant height 15～18cm, this moment, root system was full of the hole of growing seedlings fully, extracted root system and can fully matrix and water-loss reducer be taken out of, and facility or outdoor cropping are arrived in the pepper seedling field planting.
Embodiment 4
Lettuce: 128 holes dish, dry water-loss reducer volume is 0.3% of a vermiculite volume, water-loss reducer A, B particle diameter proportioning 2: 1,50 times of water-loss reducer volumes of nutrient solution volume.
Present embodiment has carried out experimental study to each step of lettuce point disk seedling growing process, is summarized as follows:
1, seedling medium preparation side
(1) selecting particle diameter is that 1～3mm vermiculite is a base material;
(2) select 50 on 128 holes dish, every cave dish needs the about 3.6L of vermiculite, and 50 cave dishes need vermiculite 180L;
(3) press vermiculite cumulative volume 0.3% and calculate dry water-loss reducer (source is with embodiment 1) consumption, be 0.54L, the water-loss reducer particle diameter is selected two kinds of A:0.85mm, B:0.1mm, by volume ratio preparation in 2: 1, therefore, needing particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.36L of A, and needing particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.18L of B;
(4) by the 50 multiple proportions example compounding high concentration nutrient solution 27L of above-mentioned water-loss reducer volume, the active ingredient that contains in the nutrient solution is: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:127.58g, KNO
3: 81.95g, NH
4H
2PO
4: 15.53g, MgSO
47H
2O:66.56g puts into water-loss reducer, and normal temperature soaks after 6 hours down, and the high concentration nutrient solution is fully absorbed by water-loss reducer;
(5) mix: after pouring out dried vermiculite, at surface sprinkling clear water 360L, regulating the vermiculite water content is 40% of saturation moisture content.Vermiculite is paved, and thickness is 15～20cm, and the water-loss reducer that fully absorbs nutrient solution is poured on the vermiculite top, fully is mixed and promptly obtains seedling medium.
2, the application of described seedling medium in the lettuce point disk seedling growing may further comprise the steps:
(1) choosing full, germination rate grows seedlings at the lactuca sativa seeds more than 90%;
(2) matrix of above-mentioned mixing is packed into 128 holes dish;
(3) the cave dish that will fill matrix is stacked together, firmly with the matrix compacting, and sowing then, one in every cave, seed is placed in the middle of every cave, and it is that 0.5cm, particle diameter are 1～2mm vermiculite that every dish finishes the back cladding thickness;
(4) cave dish is watered permeable, be placed on the bed of growing seedlings that is covered with plastic film, covering with plastic film, temperature is controlled at 20～23 ℃;
(5) behind the seed sprouting, open mulch film, temperature is controlled at 15～20 ℃ of daytimes, 12～15 ℃ of nights, air humidity＜80%;
(6) only water clear water in the nursery stage, keeping the water content of mixed-matrix is 65%～90% (in mass) of saturation moisture content;
Seedling grows 2～3 true leaves after (7) 15～18 days, and about plant height 10～12cm, this moment, root system was full of the hole of growing seedlings fully, extracted root system and can fully matrix and water-loss reducer be taken out of, and facility or outdoor cropping are arrived in the field planting of lettuce seedling.
Embodiment 5
Watermelon: 50 holes dish, dry water-loss reducer volume is 0.4% of a vermiculite volume, water-loss reducer particle diameter A, B proportioning 2: 1,40 times of water-loss reducer volumes of nutrient solution volume;
Present embodiment is summarized as follows each step priority research experiment of watermelon point disk seedling growing process:
1, seedling medium preparation
(1) selecting particle diameter is that 1～3mm vermiculite is a base material;
(2) select 100 on 50 holes dish, every cave dish needs the about 3.6L of vermiculite, and 100 cave dishes need vermiculite 360L;
(3) press vermiculite cumulative volume 0.4% and calculate dry water-loss reducer (with embodiment 1) consumption, be 1.44L, the water-loss reducer particle diameter is selected two kinds of A:1.6mm, B:0.25mm, by volume ratio preparation in 2: 1, therefore, needing particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.96L of A, and needing particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.48L of B;
(4) by the 40 multiple proportions example compounding high concentration nutrient solution 57.6L of above-mentioned water-loss reducer volume, active ingredient that contains in the nutrient solution and content are: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:272.16g, KNO
3: 174.82g, NH
4H
2PO
4: 33.12g, MgSO
47H
2O:141.98g puts into nutrient solution with water-loss reducer, and normal temperature soaks after 6 hours down, and nutrient solution is fully absorbed by water-loss reducer;
(5) mix: after pouring out dried vermiculite, at surface sprinkling clear water 720L, regulating the vermiculite water content is 40% of saturation moisture content.Vermiculite is paved, and thickness is 15～20cm, and the water-loss reducer that fully absorbs nutrient solution is poured on the vermiculite top, fully is mixed and promptly obtains seedling medium.
2, the application of described seedling medium in the watermelon point disk seedling growing, method is with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 6
Muskmelon: 50 holes dish, dry water-loss reducer volume is 0.4% of a vermiculite volume, water-loss reducer particle diameter A, B proportioning 3: 1,50 times of water-loss reducer volumes of nutrient solution volume.
Present embodiment successively carries out various experimental studies to each step of muskmelon point disk seedling growing technical process, is summarized as follows:
1, seedling medium preparation
(1) selecting particle diameter is that 1～3mm vermiculite is a base material;
(2) select 100 on 50 holes dish, every cave dish needs the about 3.6L of vermiculite, and 100 cave dishes need vermiculite 360L;
(3) press vermiculite cumulative volume 0.4% and calculate dry water-loss reducer (identical with embodiment 1) consumption, be 1.44L, the water-loss reducer particle diameter is selected two kinds of A:1.5mm, B:0.2mm, by volume ratio preparation in 3: 1, therefore, needing particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 1.08L of A, and particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.36L of B;
(4) by the 50 multiple proportions example compounding high concentration nutrient solution 72L of above-mentioned water-loss reducer volume, active ingredient that contains in the nutrient solution and content are: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:340.2g, KNO
3: 218.52g, NH
4H
2PO
4: 41.4g, MgSO
47H
2O:177.48g puts into nutrient solution with water-loss reducer, and normal temperature soaks after 5.5 hours down, and nutrient solution is fully absorbed by water-loss reducer;
(5) mix: after pouring out dried vermiculite, at surface sprinkling clear water 720L, regulating the vermiculite water content is 40% of saturation moisture content.Vermiculite is paved, and thickness is 15～20cm, and the water-loss reducer that fully absorbs nutrient solution is poured on the vermiculite top, fully is mixed and promptly obtains seedling medium.
2, the application of described seedling medium in the muskmelon point disk seedling growing, its method is identical with embodiment 2.Embodiment 7
Wild cabbage: 128 holes dishes, dry water-loss reducer volume be vermiculite mention 0.3%, water-loss reducer particle diameter A, B proportioning 3: 1,50 times of water-loss reducer volumes of nutrient solution volume.
Present embodiment has carried out experimental study to each step of wild cabbage point disk seedling growing process, is summarized as follows:
1, seedling medium preparation
(1) selecting particle diameter is that 1～3mm vermiculite is a base material;
(2) select 100 on 128 holes dish, every cave dish needs the about 3.6L of vermiculite, and 100 cave dishes need vermiculite 360L;
(3) press vermiculite cumulative volume 0.3% and calculate dry water-loss reducer (identical with embodiment 1) consumption, be 1.08L, the water-loss reducer particle diameter is selected two kinds of A:0.8mm, B:0.1mm, by volume ratio preparation in 3: 1, therefore, needing particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.81L of A, and particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.27L of B;
(4) by the 50 multiple proportions example compounding high concentration nutrient solution 54L of above-mentioned water-loss reducer volume, active ingredient that contains in the nutrient solution and content are: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:255.15g, KNO
3: 163.89g, NH
4H
2PO
4: 31.05g, MgSO
47H
2O:133.11g puts into nutrient solution with water-loss reducer, and normal temperature soaks after 5.5 hours down, and nutrient solution is fully absorbed by water-loss reducer;
(5) mix: after pouring out dried vermiculite, at surface sprinkling clear water 720L, regulating the vermiculite water content is 40% of saturation moisture content.Vermiculite is paved, and thickness is 15～20cm, and the water-loss reducer that fully absorbs nutrient solution is poured on the vermiculite top, fully is mixed and promptly obtains seedling medium.
2, the application of described seedling medium in the wild cabbage point disk seedling growing, its method is identical with embodiment 4.
Embodiment 8
Cauliflower: 128 holes, dry water-loss reducer volume is 0.3% of a vermiculite volume, water-loss reducer particle diameter A, B proportioning 2: 1,40 times of water-loss reducer volumes of nutrient solution volume.
Present embodiment has carried out experimental study to each step of cauliflower point disk seedling growing process, is summarized as follows:
1, seedling medium preparation
(1) selecting particle diameter is that 1～3mm vermiculite is a base material;
(2) select 50 on 128 holes dish, every cave dish needs the about 3.6L of vermiculite, and 50 cave dishes need vermiculite 180L;
(3) press vermiculite cumulative volume 0.3% and calculate dry water-loss reducer (identical with embodiment 1) consumption, be 0.54L, the water-loss reducer particle diameter is selected two kinds of A:1.0mm, B:0.1mm, by volume ratio preparation in 2: 1, therefore, particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.36L of A, and particle diameter is the water-loss reducer volume 0.18L of B;
(4) by the 40 multiple proportions example compounding high concentration nutrient solution 21.6L of above-mentioned water-loss reducer volume, active ingredient that contains in the nutrient solution and content are: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:102.06g, KNO
3: 655.56g, NH
4H
2PO
4: 12.42g, MgSO
47H
2O 53.24g puts into nutrient solution with water-loss reducer, and normal temperature soaks after 5 hours down, and nutrient solution is fully absorbed by water-loss reducer;
(5) mix: after pouring out dried vermiculite, at surface sprinkling clear water 360L, regulating the vermiculite water content is 40% of saturation moisture content.Vermiculite is paved, and thickness is 15～20cm, and the water-loss reducer that fully absorbs nutrient solution is poured on the vermiculite top, fully is mixed and promptly obtains seedling medium.
2, the application of described seedling medium in the cauliflower point disk seedling growing, its method is identical with embodiment 4.
Facts have proved, adopt seedling medium of the present invention and vegetable plug seedling method can play water saving, guarantor's fertilizer, saving of labor, the raising quality of seedlings, shortening nursery stage, save multiple actions such as peat composed of rotten mosses resource, reduction seedling cost.
It should be noted that at last: the foregoing description only is used to explain the present invention, does not constitute the qualification to protection domain of the present invention.Although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to the foregoing description, those of ordinary skill in the art still can make amendment or replacement on an equal basis to the present invention, and not breaking away from any modification or partial replacement of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. seedling medium, it is characterized in that by vermiculite and abundant composite the forming of water-loss reducer that absorbs nutrient solution, wherein, the vermiculite particle diameter is 1～3mm, the main component of water-loss reducer is an acrylamide and acrylic acid salt crosslinking copolymerization thing, form by two kinds of particle diameters of A, B, particle diameter A:0.85～1.6mm, particle diameter B:＜0.3mm, two kinds of particle diameters of A, B are mixed for (3: 1)～(2: 1) by volume, dry water-loss reducer volume is 0.3%～0.4% of a vermiculite volume, every 1L is dry, and water-loss reducer absorbs 40～50L nutrient solution, and active ingredient that contains in the nutrient solution and content are: Ca (NO
3)
24H
2O:4.725g/L, KNO
3: 3.035g/L, NH
4H
2PO
4: 0.575g/L, MgSO
47H
2O:2.465g/L.
2. the preparation method of seedling medium according to claim 1 is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) preparation of vermiculite
Calculate the vermiculite volume according to required cave dish specification and quantity;
(2) calculate the water-loss reducer consumption
Calculate dry water-loss reducer volume by the vermiculite volume;
(3) nutrient solution preparation
40～50 times of preparation nutrient solutions by required water-loss reducer volume;
(4) soak water-loss reducer
Water-loss reducer is put into nutrient solution, and normal temperature soaks after 5～6 hours down, and nutrient solution is fully absorbed by water-loss reducer;
(5) vermiculite mixes with water-loss reducer
At vermiculite surface sprinkling clear water, the clear water volume is 1.8～2 times of vermiculite volumes, vermiculite water content 30%～40% of the water content that reaches capacity behind the mixing; Then, vermiculite is paved, thickness is 15～20cm, and the water-loss reducer that fully absorbs nutrient solution is poured on the vermiculite top, can obtain seedling medium after fully being mixed.
3. the application of seedling medium in vegetable plug seedling according to claim 1 is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) chooses full, germination rate at the vegetable seeds more than 85%;
(2) seedling medium of mixing is packed into cave dish;
(3) matrix compacting in the cave dish, seed is placed in the middle of the cave, one in every cave, finishing the back, to cover particle diameter be 1～2mm, thickness 0.5～1cm vermiculite;
(4) cave dish is watered permeable, be placed on the bed of growing seedlings that is covered with plastic film, covering with plastic film, or the cave dish placed in the germinating cabinet, by different vegetable biological property control germination temperature;
(5) behind the seed sprouting, open mulch film, or leave the germinating cabinet, suitably reduce temperature and air humidity;
(6) suitably water clear water, keeping the water content of mixed-matrix is 65%～90% of saturation moisture content in mass;
(7) after root system is full of the hole of growing seedlings fully, extracts root system and can fully matrix and water-loss reducer be taken out of, facility or outdoor cropping are arrived in the vegetable seedling field planting.
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| CN2010101999876A CN101849500B (en) | 2010-06-13 | 2010-06-13 | Seedling culture substrate, preparation method and application thereof in vegetable plug seedling culture |
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| CN101849500B true CN101849500B (en) | 2011-11-09 |
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| CN110476776A (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2019-11-22 | 天津市林业果树研究所 | A kind of application of pomace base water-retaining agent in leaf vegetables hole plate seedling growth |
| CN111280040B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2021-12-03 | 山东农业大学 | Green onion cultivation method under LED light modulation control |
| CN114532199B (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-04-28 | 河北农业大学 | Efficient lettuce seedling raising method with nutrient solution |
| CN115644023A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-01-31 | 吉林农业大学 | Soilless culture substrate and preparation method thereof |
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