CN103651071B - Schizonepeta soilless cultivation method - Google Patents

Schizonepeta soilless cultivation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103651071B
CN103651071B CN201310606042.5A CN201310606042A CN103651071B CN 103651071 B CN103651071 B CN 103651071B CN 201310606042 A CN201310606042 A CN 201310606042A CN 103651071 B CN103651071 B CN 103651071B
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schizonepeta
soilless culture
stage
matrix
seedling
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CN103651071A (en
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权超
陈英华
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Tianjin Yiyao Technology Co., Ltd.
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TIANJIN YIYAO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Abstract

The invention relates to a schizonepeta soilless cultivation method. The method comprises the steps of (1) soilless culture substrates preparation, (2) sowing and (3) watering and fertilization. The soilless culture substrates are composed of turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite, anaerobic fermentation is conducted on the turfy soil for 4-9 months, a 40% formaldehyde solution is used for disinfecting after fermentation, then fermented objects are covered respectively, the covered objects are uncovered after one week and tedded; the turfy soil, the vermiculite, and the perlite are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:1 to prepare the soilless culture substrates. Different watering operations and fertilization operations are used in different growing periods. According to the different demands for water and nutrients in all the growth and development stages of schizonepeta, scientific and reasonable soilless cultivation is conducted on the schizonepeta, the demands for nutrients, temperatures, illumination and air of crops in the development process can be effectively controlled, the crops are made to be in the best growth state, the planting range can be expanded by soilless cultivation, crop growth is accelerated, yields is improved, and labor is saved.

Description

A kind of schizonepeta soilless culture method
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese herbal medicine field of planting, relate to soilless culture, especially a kind of schizonepeta soilless culture method.
Background technology
Schizonepeta has another name called " ginger mustard ", belongs to labiate, enters medicinal its dry cauline leaf and Hua Sui, and taste is put down, and warm in nature, nontoxic, faint scent is dense.Be sweating, alexipyretic is one of conventional herbal medicine of China; Can town phlegm, timid wind, cool blood.Control influenza, the sweating of headache fever and chills, vomiting; Having certain curative effect to fever in children tic, woman uterine bleeding and postpartum anemic fainting and the swelling of cheek whale, is the Chinese medicine that the traditional Chinese medical science is commonly used.
Schizonepeta is annual herb, the restriction of climate and soil condition, and various places culture technique is different, though can grow, higher to requirement organic in soil, so large not high more than schizonepeta output.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of schizonepeta soilless culture method, is subject to the problem of soil, soil condition restriction, in time supplementary schizonepeta developmental condition and the schizonepeta soilless culture method with the advantage that damage by disease and insect is little, output is high to solve cultivation.
The present invention realizes invention order and adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of schizonepeta soilless culture method, the steps include:
(1) prepare soilless culture substrate: described soilless culture substrate by turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite composition, described turfy soil was through the anaerobic fermentation of 4 ~ 9 months, the rear mass fraction that ferments is the formalin sterilization of 40%, then cover fermentation product respectively, open covering after 1 week, ted; By turfy soil: vermiculite: perlite is according to the volume ratio mixed preparing soilless culture substrate of 1:1:1;
(2) sow: seedling raising and transplanting, seeding and growing seedling temperature controls to use seedling-cultivating tray nursery more than 20 DEG C, and every bunch planting kind 2-3 grain, regularly sprays water with thin watering can, and moisturizing, when seedling grows 3 ~ 4 true leaves, can be transplanted, every cave one strain.
(3) watering, fertilizing: be respectively in water frequency and the fertilizing amount of following vegetative stage:
During seedling-slowing stage, when water content of substrate lower than 50.09% time water, fertilizing amount is 297.34 ~ 454.30mg/L matrix;
During Seedling Stage, when water content of substrate lower than 66.83% time water, fertilizing amount is 297.34 ~ 454.30mg/L matrix;
During the phase in strong sprout, when water content of substrate lower than 66.83% time water, fertilizing amount is 454.58 ~ 456.67mg/L matrix;
During flowering stage, when water content of substrate lower than 64.34% time water, fertilizing amount is 454.58 ~ 456.67mg/L matrix;
During the maturing stage, when water content of substrate lower than 64.34% time water, fertilizing amount is 455.51 ~ 456.67mg/L matrix, can gather in the crops;
Above-mentioned when watering each irrigation amount be 250m1/L matrix, Effects of Fertilization Frequency is 1 time/week.
And described seedling-slowing stage is 25th ~ 60 days in described vegetative stage.
And described Seedling Stage is 61st ~ 68 days in described vegetative stage.
And the described phase in strong sprout is 69th ~ 93 days in described vegetative stage.
And described flowering stage is 94th ~ 107 days in described vegetative stage.
And, the described maturing stage be in described vegetative stage 108 days and after.
And the fertilizer that described fertilising adopts is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium ratio is the composite fertilizer of 5:1:3.
Advantage of the present invention and good effect are:
The present invention is different with the requirement of nutrient to moisture according to each growth and development stage of schizonepeta, carries out scientific and reasonable soilless culture to it.1. effectively can control crop requirement to nutrient, temperature, illumination and air in growth course, make crop growthing state best.2. because the method using soilless culture, can planting range be expanded, accelerating plant growth, improve output, save artificial.3. ensure that medicinal material is real organic free of contamination Chinese herbal medicine.Compared with traditional cultivation method, the present invention can make that plant strain growth speed is faster, growing way is more healthy and stronger, and can reduce liquid manure consumption, reduces production cost, and extended schizonepeta industrial chain, improves schizonepeta added value.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the invention will be further described, and following examples are descriptive, is not determinate, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
A kind of schizonepeta soilless culture method, the steps include:
(1) prepare soilless culture substrate: described soilless culture substrate by turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite composition, described turfy soil was through the anaerobic fermentation of 4 ~ 9 months, the rear mass fraction that ferments is the formalin sterilization of 40%, then cover fermentation product respectively, open covering after 1 week, ted; By turfy soil: vermiculite: perlite is according to the volume ratio mixed preparing soilless culture substrate of 1:1:1.
(2) sow: seeding and seedling raising temperature controls to use seedling-cultivating tray nursery more than 20 DEG C, and every bunch planting kind 2-3 grain, regularly sprays water with thin watering can, and moisturizing, when seedling grows 3 ~ 4 true leaves, can be transplanted.
Below using take multiple water and fertilization mode as multiple embodiment, growth management is carried out to schizonepeta seedling after planting on soilless culture substrate, it should be noted that, below in all embodiments the fertilizer adopted that applies fertilizer be nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium ratio is 5:1:3.
Embodiment 1
Under greenhouse experiment, confluent is carried out to fertile amount operation to schizonepeta seedling according to the form below after planting on above-mentioned soilless culture substrate:
Wherein, irrigation amount is 250mg/L matrix, and Effects of Fertilization Frequency is for apply fertilizer once weekly.
Embodiment 2
Under greenhouse experiment, confluent is carried out to fertile amount operation to schizonepeta seedling according to the form below after planting on above-mentioned soilless culture substrate:
Irrigation amount and Effects of Fertilization Frequency are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Under greenhouse experiment, confluent is carried out to fertile amount operation to schizonepeta seedling according to the form below after planting on above-mentioned soilless culture substrate:
Irrigation amount and Effects of Fertilization Frequency are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Comparative examples:
Under greenhouse experiment, adopt volume ratio to be the turfy soil of 3:1: pearlite interstitial substance cultivation schizonepeta, according to the form below carries out confluent to fertile amount operation.
Vegetative stage Each period number of days (my god) Irrigation amount (mg/L matrix) Fertilizing amount (mg/L matrix)
After upper basin 31~60 250 259
Survive ~ the maturing stage 60~108 250 410.67
Wherein, frequency of watering is water clear water every day 1 time; Effects of Fertilization Frequency is for apply fertilizer once weekly.
By conventional soilless culture method in contrast, compare with schizonepeta soilless culture method provided by the invention, the results are shown in Table 1.
The impact that the different cultivation method of table 1 grows on schizonepeta
Process Plant height (cm) Flower spike length degree (cm) Growth number of days (my god) Dry weight (g)
The soilless culture method of comparative examples 25.4 30.2 180 15.0
Implement the soilless culture method of 1 30.5 40.6 108 16.4
Implement the soilless culture method of 2 30.9 41.3 108 16.7
Implement the soilless culture method of 3 30.7 41.7 108 16.8
As shown in Table 1, soilless culture method provided by the invention is obviously better than conventional cultivation method to the facilitation of the growth and development state of schizonepeta.
Embodiment 5
Matrix components is tested:
Experimental scheme:
5 matrix, i.e. matrix A are established in this test: turfy soil, and vermiculite forms with 1:1 ratio;
Matrix B: perlite, vermiculite forms with 1:1 ratio;
Matrix C: turfy soil, perlite forms with 1:1 ratio;
Matrix D: turfy soil, vermiculite, perlite forms with 1:1 ratio;
Matrix CK: soil cultivation (contrast), each matrix repeats six times.
Growth indexes measures: in the process of growth of schizonepeta, randomly draw the schizonepeta of different times different substrates, observe its upgrowth situation, its plant height of surveying record, stem slightly, finally take statistics and compare.Experiment terminates the fresh weight of rear weighing plant, and then puts it into baking oven, reaches constant weight, then uses accurate weighing plant weights.
Under different substrates cultivation condition, schizonepeta stem is high compares
In process of the test every l0 days to different substrates cultivation condition under the plant height of schizonepeta measure, it the results are shown in Table 2.
Impact on schizonepeta height growth under table 2. different substrates condition
Matrix April 25 May 5 May 15 May 25 June 5 June 15 June 25 July 5
A(cm) 17.9 19.3 20.9 22.1 24.7 26.5 28.1 29.5
B(cm) 16.9 17.9 18.9 19.7 21.5 22.6 23.5 24.8
C(cm) 16.3 18.2 20.0 22.1 25.2 27.3 28.7 30.3
D(cm) 17.7 18.9 23.2 26.2 28.3 30.2 31.8 33.9
CK(cm) 16.8 18.0 18.9 19.8 22.0 23.2 24.8 25.9
Under different substrates cultivation condition, schizonepeta stem slightly compares
In process of the test every 10 days to different substrates cultivation condition under the stem of schizonepeta slightly measure, it the results are shown in Table 3.
The impact of schizonepeta stem girth growth under table 3. different substrates cultivation condition
Matrix April 25 May 15 June 5 June 15
A(cm) 0.633 0.717 0.800 0.903
B(cm) 0.630 0.710 0.830 0.953
C(cm) 0.620 0.8 0.9 1.020
D(cm) 0.630 .788 0.967 1.113
CK(cm) 0.630 0.750 0.845 0.875
Schizonepeta fresh weight under different substrates cultivation condition, dry weight compares
By comparatively finding the weight ratio of schizonepeta in different cultivation matrix, fresh weight and dry weight behave oneself best with the process of matrix D and matrix C equally, are secondly matrix B, matrix A and matrix E, it the results are shown in Table 4.
To schizonepeta fresh weight, dry weight contrast table under table 4. different substrates condition
Matrix Fresh weight/g Dry weight/g
A 58.13 10.60
B 48.61 9.15
C 85.74 16.0
D 108.99 17.63
CK 45.18 8.17
According to result of the test, by turfy soil, vermiculite, the soilless culture substrate of the volume ratio mixed preparing of perlite (1:1:1) more has facilitation for the growth of schizonepeta.
Embodiment 6
Schizonepeta soilless culture fertilizer components test used
Experimental scheme: 4 formulas are established in this test, the A that namely fills a prescription, formula B, formula C, formula D and contrast CK.Each formula repetition six times, refers to table 5.
Table 5. fertilizer ratio
Contrast CK selects classical Huo Gelan (Hoagland) formula fertilizer.
Growth indexes measures: in the process of growth of schizonepeta, and randomly draw the schizonepeta that different times Different Nutrition formula is irrigated, observe its upgrowth situation, its plant height of surveying record, stem slightly, finally take statistics and compare.
Cultivation management: start after field planting to water fertilise, waters 1 time weekly, and waters clear water every day 1 time.When midsummer, hot evaporation discharge was large, every day, except watering clear water, also wants foliar spray 3-4 time.
In process of the test every l0 days to the process of different fertilizer formula under the plant height of schizonepeta measure, it the results are shown in Table 6.
Impact on schizonepeta height growth under the process of table 6. different fertilizer formula
Formula coding May 1 May 11 May 21 May 31 June 10 June 20 June 30 July 10
A(cm) 15.150 18.46 20.63 22.35 24.30 25.533 27.13 28.67
B(cm) 16.4 18.1 19.44 21.78 22.63 23.767 25.66 26.93
C(cm) 14.35 16.0 18.25 20.1 23.25 26.25 28.15 29.88
D(cm) 15.08 17.1 19.47 22.97 26.25 28.233 29.833 32.8
CK(cm) 15.90 17.6 19.46 20.83 22.25 23.433 24.600 25.7
In the comparative test process that under the process of different fertilizer formula, schizonepeta stem is thick every 21 days to different fertilizer formula under the stem of schizonepeta slightly measure, it the results are shown in Table 7.
On the impact that schizonepeta stem is thick under the process of table 7. different fertilizer formula
Formula coding May 3 May 24 June 14 July 5
A(cm) 0.66 0.783 0.96 1.05
B(cm) 0.713 0.8 0.88 0.948
C(cm) 0.66 0.697 0.813 0.87
D(cm) 0.613 0.799 0.86 1.04
CK(cm) 0.642 0.718 0.812 0.89
Experimentally result is visible, compares in same level, and process D behaves oneself best. and namely in fertilizer, the ratio optimum of N:P:K=5:1:3 the invention provides the growth of soilless culture schizonepeta.

Claims (7)

1. a schizonepeta soilless culture method, is characterized in that: the steps include:
(1) prepare soilless culture substrate: described soilless culture substrate by turfy soil, vermiculite and perlite composition, described turfy soil was through the anaerobic fermentation of 4 ~ 9 months, the rear mass fraction that ferments is the formalin sterilization of 40%, then cover fermentation product respectively, open covering after 1 week, ted; By turfy soil: vermiculite: perlite is according to the volume ratio mixed preparing soilless culture substrate of 1:1:1;
(2) sow: seedling raising and transplanting, seeding and growing seedling temperature controls to use seedling-cultivating tray nursery more than 20 DEG C, and every bunch planting kind 2-3 grain, regularly sprays water with thin watering can, and moisturizing, when seedling grows 3 ~ 4 true leaves, can be transplanted, every cave one strain.
(3) watering, fertilizing: be respectively in water frequency and the fertilizing amount of following vegetative stage:
During seedling-slowing stage, when water content of substrate lower than 50.09% time water, fertilizing amount is 297.34 ~ 454.30mg/L matrix;
During Seedling Stage, when water content of substrate lower than 66.83% time water, fertilizing amount is 297.34 ~ 454.30mg/L matrix;
During the phase in strong sprout, when water content of substrate lower than 66.83% time water, fertilizing amount is 454.58 ~ 456.67mg/L matrix;
During flowering stage, when water content of substrate lower than 64.34% time water, fertilizing amount is 454.58 ~ 456.67mg/L matrix;
During the maturing stage, when water content of substrate lower than 64.34% time water, fertilizing amount is 455.51 ~ 456.67mg/L matrix, can gather in the crops;
Above-mentioned when watering each irrigation amount be 250m1/L matrix, Effects of Fertilization Frequency is 1 time/week.
2. schizonepeta soilless culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described seedling-slowing stage is 25th ~ 60 days in described vegetative stage.
3. schizonepeta soilless culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described Seedling Stage is 61st ~ 68 days in described vegetative stage.
4. schizonepeta soilless culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described phase in strong sprout is 69th ~ 93 days in described vegetative stage.
5. schizonepeta soilless culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described flowering stage is 94th ~ 107 days in described vegetative stage.
6. schizonepeta soilless culture method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the described maturing stage be in described vegetative stage 108 days and after.
7. the schizonepeta soilless culture method according to claim 1 to 7 any one claim, is characterized in that: the fertilizer that described fertilising adopts is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium ratio is the composite fertilizer of 5:1:3.
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CN105191771A (en) * 2015-09-29 2015-12-30 潜山县传文瓜子有限公司 Method for soilless culture of fructus trichosanthis
CN105612853A (en) * 2015-12-28 2016-06-01 吕福贵 Fine-leaf schizonepeta herb planting method
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CN106613861A (en) * 2016-06-28 2017-05-10 北京市农林科学院 Solution feeding system for soilless culture and application
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