CN104350930A - Water-saving high-yield water-fertilizer management method for use in drip irrigation of spring wheat - Google Patents
Water-saving high-yield water-fertilizer management method for use in drip irrigation of spring wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN104350930A CN104350930A CN201410686693.4A CN201410686693A CN104350930A CN 104350930 A CN104350930 A CN 104350930A CN 201410686693 A CN201410686693 A CN 201410686693A CN 104350930 A CN104350930 A CN 104350930A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a water-saving high-yield water-fertilizer management method for use in drip irrigation of spring wheat. The method comprises the following steps: seeding and performing seedling emergence water drainage: seeding the spring wheat by adopting an unequal-line form; performing fertilization application and irrigation regulation and control at the front stage of breeding: keeping the water content of soil between 65 percent and 75 percent of the field maximum water content through drip irrigation; performing fertilization application and irrigation regulation and control at the middle stage of breeding: keeping the water content of soil between 70 percent and 80 percent of the field maximum water content through drip irrigation at the later stage of jointing; performing fertilization application and irrigation regulation and control at the later stage of breeding: keeping the water content of soil between 75 percent and 90 percent of the field maximum water content through drip irrigation; performing water-fertilizer management before harvesting at the end stage of breeding; harvesting by using a wheat harvester, mechanically smashing stubble crops remaining above the ground surface, uniformly mixing with surface soil, and returning to field. By adopting the method, the aims of high yield, high quality, water saving and fertilizer saving in the production of spring wheat and high efficiency of water-fertilizer resources under the condition of fertilizer application with water during drip irrigation are fulfilled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wheat growing technique field, be specifically related to a kind of water and fertilizer management method of drip irrigation spring wheat saving irrigation model.
Background technology
One of the most ancient, most important crop cultivated in the world by wheat, is second-biggest-in-the-world cereal crops, and the nearly population of nearly 35% in the whole world is that main food is originated with wheat; In China, wheat is the third-largest cereal crops, and in the whole world, 2.3 hundred million hectares in the arable land of wheat planting, and more than 50% is often subject to drought stress; Meanwhile, wheat is again high water consumption crop, and regional water resources are not enough, directly affect the development of Wheat Production.Spring wheat drip irrigation technique is the irrigation technique of a kind of novel foodstuff crop grown up on the basis of drip irrigation for cotton technology; Due to its high-efficiency water-saving, wheat drip irrigation technique started large scale application in agricultural production in recent years, and the effect of its water saving, volume increase obtains sufficient checking, and yield level reaches 8000 ~ 9800kg/hm
2.The variety problem of drip irrigation spring wheat is solved by breed breeding and screening; The efficiency utilization of drip irrigation wheat sunlight-heat reaources is achieved by planting spacing; But, in current drip irrigation spring wheat cultivation technique measure, field dropper band arrangement mode is different, irrigation volume and fertilizing amount unreasonable, liquid manure coordinated management lacks technical support, this for excavate spring wheat yield potentiality, to improve the liquid manure level of resources utilization extremely unfavorable.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the mechanism formed for Problems existing in spring wheat management process and defect and water and fertilizer coupling and high yield, a kind of water and fertilizer management method of drip irrigation spring wheat saving irrigation model is provided, adopt the every trade plantation such as not to increase limit row soil moisture content; Emerge by dripping and solve the inconsistent problem of growing way; Drip irrigation special fertilizer is adopted to solve N P and K imbalance problem; By the problem that different N P and K proportioning solution nutritional need each breeding time is different; Finally realize the object of the fertile and liquid manure resource high-efficiency of spring wheat is produced under drip irrigation Fertigation condition high yield, high-quality, water saving, joint.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A water and fertilizer management method for drip irrigation spring wheat saving irrigation model, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1, sow and irrigate with water of emerging: the mode of the spring wheat row such as is not sowed, 1 pipe 4 row or 5 row, and two interlines are for laying irrigate band; The dripping end flow of dropper band is selected according to the soil texture; After having sowed, after avoiding synoptic process, unification oozes Miao Shui, and irrigation quantity crosses with two irrigate band wetting fronts and is advisable, every 667m
2the amount of dripping is 20m
3~ 40m
3; Concrete irrigation volume determines according to soil market conditions; Basic Seedling ensures at 400,000/mu, and the highest total stem numerical control is built in about 550,000.
S2, fertility Term Fertilization in early stage regulate and control with irrigation: in tillering stage to the shooting stage, are irrigated and keep soil moisture content between 65 ~ 75% of maxmun field capacity, every 667m by drip irrigation
2water consumption controls at 80 ~ 110m
3between; Nitrogen is executed with water droplet respectively: phosphorus: potassium weight proportion is wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer 4 ~ 6kg and the 8 ~ 10kg of 34: 10: 6 in tillering stage and shooting stage;
S3, bearing desire Term Fertilization regulate and control with irrigation: in the phase in jointing later stage, are irrigated and keep soil moisture content between 70 ~ 80% of maxmun field capacity, every 667m by drip irrigation
2water consumption controls at 30 ~ 50m
3between; Urea 2 ~ 3kg is executed with water droplet respectively in the phase in jointing later stage;
S4, late growth stage Term Fertilization regulate and control with irrigation: in booting stage to flowering stage, are irrigated and keep soil moisture content between 75 ~ 90% of maxmun field capacity, every 667m by drip irrigation
2water consumption controls at 120 ~ 150m
3between; Nitrogen is executed with water droplet respectively: phosphorus: potassium weight proportion is the wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer 8 ~ 10kg, 12 ~ 15 and 5 ~ 8kg of 32: 15: 6.5 in booting stage, heading stage and flowering stage;
S5, fertility late harvest before water and fertilizer management: milk ripe stage soil moisture content remain on 70 ~ 80% of maxmun field capacity; After milk ripe stage, soil moisture content remains on 65 ~ 75% of maxmun field capacity, every 667m
2water consumption controls at 40m
3below, irrigation frequency is less than 2 times; After full ripening stage, soil moisture content controls at less than 65% of maxmun field capacity;
S6, complete stool turn yellow yellow, and seed is hardening, selects type wheat harvester to gather in the crops; Regain dropper band by dropper band recycling machine before results, recycles, earth's surface residue first crop crops straw is by mechanical crushing and mix with table soil, also field.
Wherein, avoid synoptic process in described step S1 and refer to and avoid the synoptic process that low temperature, heavy showers etc. affect Wheat Development, the Best Times daily mean temperature of spring wheat sowing reach 2 ~ 4 DEG C, earth's surface to thaw daytime 4 ~ 6 centimetres time be optimum sowing time.
Wherein, the water consumption in described step S2, S3, S4, S5 refers to amount and the rainfall of irrigation water.
Wherein, maximum maxmun field capacity in described step S2, S3, S4, S5 refers to: the water yield kept when the whole hole of soil is full of water, the i.e. maximum water-holding capacity that can hold of soil, general clay 25% ~ 30%, glutinous loam 23% ~ 27%, loam 23% ~ 25%, sandy loam 20% ~ 22%, sandy soil 7% ~ 14%.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, water and fertilizer management method of the present invention adopts the mode of the row such as not, can improve water use efficiency.The every 667m of flood irrigation planting patterns
2water consumption is 600 ~ 800m
3, the every 667m of conventional drip irrigation planting patterns
2water consumption is 500 ~ 600m
3, and water management method of the present invention comprises the every 667m of precipitation
2water consumption is only 250 ~ 350m
3.
2, water and fertilizer management method of the present invention adopt not etc. row with by the mode of supplying breeding time, the nutrients movement of solution and the problem of loss, can improve nutrientuse efficiency.The every 667m of conventional drip irrigation planting patterns
2fertilising is 60 ~ 80kg, and the every 667m of water and fertilizer management method of the present invention
2formula fertilizer input amount is only 39 ~ 52kg.
3, water and fertilizer management method different growing of the present invention adopts different formulations, fertility adopts nitrogen early stage: phosphorus: potassium weight proportion is the wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer of 34: 10: 6, fertility middle and later periods wheat drip irrigation nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium weight proportion is the wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer of 32: 15: 6.5, overcomes the unbalanced problem of conventional fertilizer application method spring wheat nutrient supply.
4, the soil moisture content of wheat harvest controls at less than 65% of maxmun field capacity by the present invention, can improve the dewatering efficiency of ripe rear wheat seed.
5, water and fertilizer management method of the present invention realizes omnidistance water-fertilizer integral, reaches saving of labor, economizes the object of fertilizer, water saving, high yield, stable yields.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The wide-and narrow-row over-over mode sowing schematic diagram of Fig. 1 one embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
The water and fertilizer management method 2013 of drip irrigation spring wheat saving irrigation model of the present invention all in Wujiaqu City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions 105 produce, front stubble is cotton, carries out Arable Land Consolidation before the winter.This district's survey region belongs to typical temperate continental climate, average annual temperature 6 ~ 7 DEG C, average annual rainfall 120mm and skewness, evaporation discharge 1900mm, steaming is fallen than 16 > 10, and soil ploughs grey desert soil for filling with, and the soil texture is clay loam, for irrigation farming, be applicable to the enforcement of the inventive method.
In addition, the water and fertilizer management method of drip irrigation spring wheat saving irrigation model of the present invention 2014 148 in Shihezi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions is produced, and front stubble is cotton, carries out Arable Land Consolidation before the winter.This district's survey region belongs to typical temperate continental climate, average annual temperature 6.1 DEG C, average annual rainfall 117mm and skewness, evaporation discharge 1942mm, steaming is fallen than 16.6 > 10, and soil ploughs grey desert soil for filling with, and the soil texture is loam, for irrigation farming, be applicable to the enforcement of the inventive method.
The present embodiment material therefor is selected as follows:
Spring wheat variety: 38 days the new year in 2013,6 days the new year in 2014
Dropper band: select single-blade labyrinth type drip irrigation tape, specification 300 ~ 3.2; Internal diameter 16mm; Wall thickness 0.18mm; Drip hole spacing 300mm; Nominal flow rate 2.4L/h (105) and 2.8L/h (148).
Arm: PE (polyethylene) the clarinet water-band selecting 75#.
Fertilizer: the wheat selecting Popularization Service Center of Agricultural Hi-Tech, Xinjiang Academy of Aagri to produce special drip irrigation fertilizer I type (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium weight proportion is 34: 10: 6), II type (nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium weight proportion is 32: 15: 6.5).
Embodiment 1
S11, sow and irrigate with water of emerging: spring wheat adopt 20+13.3+13.3+13.3cm not etc. between-line spacing is sowed; Two interlines for laying irrigate band, a pipe four lines, dropper band flow 2.4L/h; After having sowed on March 23rd, 2013, unification on March 25 has oozed Miao Shui, irrigation quantity 31m
3, April 6, spring wheat was all emerged.
S12, fertility Term Fertilization in early stage regulate and control with irrigation: at every 667m on April 25
2pour water 48m
2, execute wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer I type 6kg with water droplet; May 9 every 667m
2pour water 38m
3, execute wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer I type 8kg with water droplet.Be kept above about 70% of maxmun field capacity by drip irrigation irrigated soil water content, every 667m in tillering stage and shooting stage always
2pour water 86m altogether
3, precipitation 21m
3, use wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer I type 14kg.
S13, bearing desire Term Fertilization regulate and control with irrigation: at every 667m on May 18
2pour water 35m
2, execute urea 3kg with water droplet; Be kept above about 75% of maxmun field capacity by drip irrigation irrigated soil water content, every 667m in the jointing later stage always
2pour water 35m altogether
3, precipitation 12m
3.
S14, late growth stage Term Fertilization regulate and control with irrigation: at every 667m on May 25
2pour water 33m
2, execute wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 9kg with water droplet; June 3 every 667m
2pour water 45m
3, execute wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 14kg with water droplet; June 12 every 667m
2pour water 42m
3, execute wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 5kg with water droplet.In booting stage to flowering stage, irrigated by drip irrigation and keep soil moisture content between 75 ~ 90% of maxmun field capacity, every 667m
2pour water 120m altogether
3, precipitation 28m
3, use wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 28kg.
S15, fertility late harvest before water and fertilizer management: June 22 every 667m
2pour water 30m
2, before June 30, soil moisture content remains on about 75% of maxmun field capacity, and July 5 forbade pouring water later, and soil moisture content remains on always and controls at less than 65% of maxmun field capacity.
Water and fertilizer management after S16, results: complete stool turns yellow yellow, and seed is hardening, adopted type wheat harvester to gather in the crops on July 10, the average 665.9 kilograms/667m of effective yield
2, by 13% moisture conversion, remove impurity by 2%, estimate paid every 667m
2produce 645.9 kilograms; July 15 regained dropper band by dropper band recycling machine; Earth's surface remained first crop crops straw with heavy-duty disc harrow July 16 to roll to cut and pulverize and mix with table soil, also field.
Embodiment 2
S21, sow and irrigate with water of emerging: spring wheat adopt 16.5+14.5+14.5+14.5cm not etc. between-line spacing is sowed; Two interlines for laying irrigate band one pipe four lines, dropper band flow 2.8L/h; After having sowed on March 26th, 2014, unification on March 29 has oozed Miao Shui, irrigation quantity 40m
3, April 10, spring wheat was all emerged.
S22, fertility Term Fertilization in early stage regulate and control with irrigation: at every 667m on April 27
2pour water 40m
2, execute wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer I type 5kg with water droplet; May 9 every 667m
2pour water 46m
3, execute wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer I type 9kg with water droplet.Be kept above about 70% of maxmun field capacity by drip irrigation irrigated soil water content, every 667m in tillering stage and shooting stage always
2pour water 96m altogether
3, precipitation 16m
3, use wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer I type 14kg.
S23, bearing desire Term Fertilization regulate and control with irrigation: at every 667m on May 18
2pour water 28m
2, execute urea 3kg with water droplet; Be kept above about 75% of maxmun field capacity by drip irrigation irrigated soil water content, every 667m in the jointing later stage always
2pour water 28m altogether
3, precipitation 10m
3.
S24, late growth stage Term Fertilization regulate and control with irrigation: at every 667m on May 27
2pour water 40m
2, execute wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 8kg with water droplet; June 5 every 667m
2pour water 43m
3, execute wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 13kg with water droplet; June 17 every 667m
2pour water 45m
3, execute wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 4kg with water droplet.In booting stage to flowering stage, irrigated by drip irrigation and keep soil moisture content between 75 ~ 90% of maxmun field capacity, every 667m
2pour water 128m altogether
3, precipitation 18m
3, use wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer II type 25kg.
S25, fertility late harvest before water and fertilizer management: June 26 every 667m
2pour water 25m
2, before June 30, soil moisture content remains on about 75% of maxmun field capacity, and July 1 forbade pouring water later.
Water and fertilizer management after S26, results: complete stool turns yellow yellow, and seed is hardening, and July 6, type wheat harvester was gathered in the crops, the average 643.1 kilograms/667m of effective yield
2; July 10 regained dropper band by dropper band recycling machine; Earth's surface remained first crop crops straw with heavy-duty disc harrow July 12 to roll to cut and pulverize and mix with table soil, also field.
Adopt the water and fertilizer management method in embodiment 1 and 2, not etc. every trade plantation does not increase limit row soil moisture content; Emerge by dripping and solve the inconsistent problem of growing way; Drip irrigation special fertilizer is adopted to solve N P and K imbalance problem; By the problem that different N P and K proportioning solution nutritional need each breeding time is different; Finally realize the object of the fertile and liquid manure resource high-efficiency of spring wheat is produced under drip irrigation ~ Fertigation condition high yield, high-quality, water saving, joint.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a water and fertilizer management method for drip irrigation spring wheat saving irrigation model, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1, sow and irrigate with water of emerging: spring wheat adopts the mode of the row such as not to sow, 1 pipe 4 row or 5 row, and two interlines are for laying irrigate band; The dripping end flow of dropper band is selected according to the soil texture; After having sowed, after avoiding synoptic process, unification oozes Miao Shui, and irrigation quantity crosses with two irrigate band wetting fronts and is advisable, every 667m
2the amount of dripping is 20m
3~ 40m
3;
S2, fertility Term Fertilization in early stage regulate and control with irrigation: in tillering stage to the shooting stage, are irrigated and keep soil moisture content between 65 ~ 75% of maxmun field capacity, every 667m by drip irrigation
2water consumption controls at 80 ~ 110m
3between; Nitrogen is executed with water droplet respectively: phosphorus: potassium weight proportion is wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer 4 ~ 6kg and the 8 ~ 10kg of 34: 10: 6 in tillering stage and shooting stage;
S3, bearing desire Term Fertilization regulate and control with irrigation: in the phase in jointing later stage, are irrigated and keep soil moisture content between 70 ~ 80% of maxmun field capacity, every 667m by drip irrigation
2water consumption controls at 30 ~ 50m
3between; Urea 2 ~ 3kg is executed with water droplet respectively in the phase in jointing later stage;
S4, late growth stage Term Fertilization regulate and control with irrigation: in booting stage to flowering stage, are irrigated and keep soil moisture content between 75 ~ 90% of maxmun field capacity, every 667m by drip irrigation
2water consumption controls at 120 ~ 150m
3between; Nitrogen is executed with water droplet respectively: phosphorus: potassium weight proportion is the wheat drip irrigation special fertilizer 8 ~ 10kg, 12 ~ 15 and 5 ~ 8kg of 32: 15: 6.5 in booting stage, heading stage and flowering stage;
S5, fertility late harvest before water and fertilizer management: milk ripe stage soil moisture content remain on 70 ~ 80% of maxmun field capacity; After milk ripe stage, soil moisture content remains on 65 ~ 75% of maxmun field capacity, every 667m
2water consumption controls at 40m
3below, irrigation frequency is less than 2 times; After full ripening stage, soil moisture content controls at less than 65% of maxmun field capacity;
S6, complete stool turn yellow yellow, and seed is hardening, selects type wheat harvester to gather in the crops; Regain dropper band by dropper band recycling machine before results, recycles, earth's surface residue first crop crops straw is by mechanical crushing and mix with table soil, also field.
2. the water and fertilizer management method of drip irrigation spring wheat saving irrigation model according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the water consumption in described step S2, S3, S4, S5 refers to amount and the rainfall of irrigation water.
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| CN105191636A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2015-12-30 | 石河子大学 | Northern Xinjiang drop irrigation spring wheat planting method |
| CN106233966A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-12-21 | 新疆农垦科学院 | One cultural method grown cotton |
| CN106613750A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-05-10 | 山东农业大学 | Water and fertilizer integration water and fertilizer saving method for winter wheat |
| CN110089371A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-06 | 新疆生产建设兵团第七师农业科学研究所 | A kind of water and fertilizer management method of trickle irrigation millet saving irrigation model |
| CN110999738A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-04-14 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Wheat planting method based on soil moisture measurement irrigation |
| CN113519360A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-22 | 新疆德豪润达农业科技有限公司 | Water-saving and fertilizer-saving wheat osmotic cultivation method in arid region |
| CN114532171A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-27 | 保定硕丰农产股份有限公司 | Shallow-buried drip irrigation laying method for annual planting of maiyu and application |
| CN114793830A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-07-29 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Drip irrigation cultivation method for beer barley |
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| CN106233966A (en) * | 2016-08-01 | 2016-12-21 | 新疆农垦科学院 | One cultural method grown cotton |
| CN106613750A (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2017-05-10 | 山东农业大学 | Water and fertilizer integration water and fertilizer saving method for winter wheat |
| CN110089371A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-06 | 新疆生产建设兵团第七师农业科学研究所 | A kind of water and fertilizer management method of trickle irrigation millet saving irrigation model |
| CN110999738A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-04-14 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Wheat planting method based on soil moisture measurement irrigation |
| CN113519360A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-10-22 | 新疆德豪润达农业科技有限公司 | Water-saving and fertilizer-saving wheat osmotic cultivation method in arid region |
| CN114532171A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-27 | 保定硕丰农产股份有限公司 | Shallow-buried drip irrigation laying method for annual planting of maiyu and application |
| CN114793830A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-07-29 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Drip irrigation cultivation method for beer barley |
| CN115486349A (en) * | 2022-07-05 | 2022-12-20 | 北京国垦节水科技有限公司 | Wide-narrow row large-flow drip irrigation planting technology for wheat planting |
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