CN112655492A - Three-field two-generation additional breeding method for semi-winter wheat - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of wheat breeding, in particular to a three-place two-generation additive breeding method of semi-winterness wheat, which adopts a breeding mode that semi-winterness wheat strain is sown (vernalization) in Puyang city of Henan province in the season of Zhengcang → Yunan Yuanzhu south China breeding village winter reproduction → Tanbai county of Hebei province in China academy county in spring propagation for additive generation. The invention successfully solves the difficult problems of vernalization of the wheat in summer and greenhouse construction in winter, saves the cost of refrigeration and heating, and can shorten the process of the growth cycle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wheat breeding, in particular to a three-place two-generation additional breeding method for semi-winter wheat.
Background
The conventional breeding process aims at separating excellent pure lines from hybrid offspring and making the excellent pure lines into varieties, and the breeding period is too long without adding generations.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a three-place two-generation additional breeding method of semi-winter wheat, which can shorten the process of a growth cycle.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a three-place two-generation additional breeding method of semi-winter wheat adopts a breeding mode that semi-winter wheat strain is sown (vernalization) in Puyang city of Henan province in season, namely, winter breeding in Yunnan Yuanyou south China village and winter breeding in Hebei province in Guiyuan county in China farmyard base.
Further, the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1 Puyang positive season seeding and Puyang seed selection of substitute material (vernalization)
S1.1 selection of additive materials
Selecting a combination of high-quality tendons, wherein the combination is a tendon/tendon, a tendon/middle tendon or a tendon/middle tendon/tendon as an F1 generation;
selecting materials with high yield, lodging resistance and the like and good comprehensive properties from single plants of F3 and F4 generations; the other high-generation materials are selected to be materials which have high yield, good properties and high quality and are expected to enter provincial variety comparison tests and national variety comparison tests;
s1.2 planting of generative materials
The previous crops are selected to be consistent in the test field, the previous crops are corn and need to be crushed when the moisture content of the straws is sufficient; the soil is clay, a plough of about 25cm is needed, and then the fine harrow is carried out for 2-3 times, wherein the directions of the plough and the harrow are vertical to the direction of the cell;
sowing wheat generation-added materials in a test field in 5 days in 10 months, planting the F1 generation in a dibble seeding mode, 2 meters and 40 grains, and combining each row for 2 rows; f3, F4 and high-generation materials are sown, 2 meters and 100 grains are adopted, each material is sown for 3-4 rows according to the quantity of seeds, sprinkling irrigation facilities are all installed in a test field, and sprinkling irrigation is carried out in time after sowing, so that full seedlings are sown at one time;
s2 method for reproduction in Yunan Yuanzhu-Nanzhongcun-reproduction
S2.1 Nature of Yunan
In about 1 day of 12 months, the Henan Puyang wheat is vernalized and then transplanted; preparation work is needed before transplanting, and the flourishing growth vigor, seedling habit, leaf color depth and the like of the wheat are observed and recorded; in addition, white plastic bags are purchased according to the number of seedlings to be dug. Determining the number of workers according to the total number of dug seedlings and the principle of finishing the seedlings in one day;
when transplanting, writing a new row number on a white plastic substitute, then digging seedlings, wrapping each wheat seedling with a white plastic bag, digging seedlings with less soil, and quickly mailing after digging seedlings;
s2.3 post-transplant field management
Transplanting the wheat according to the specification of 15 wheat plants per row, 1.5 m of row length and 10 cm of plant spacing, wherein after transplanting the wheat, according to local experience, drip irrigation can be only used between rows or between lines; because of the Yun-nan conspiracy, the rain is less in winter, the watering frequency is 1 time every 10 days in the early period of the growth and 1 time in 15-20 days in the later period; the stage of stem setting is respectively combined with irrigation of 10kg of urea per mu, the heading time is about ten days of 2 months, the time of 10 days after wheat blossom, 3 to 5kg of urea per mu can be applied during the irrigation of booting water, and timely weed pulling, pest control and insect prevention and bird prevention can be realized;
s2.4 wheat harvest and test
In late 3 months, the wheat basically enters a wax ripeness stage, and can be harvested according to conditions, because the harvest season in the Minam is less in rainwater, the wheat needs to be placed in a field for airing for several days after being cut down, or selected spikes in a seed selection garden are bundled up by ropes and threshed after being aired for several days; the threshed seeds are filled into paper bags or seed bags written with labels and then mailed to the test base of the agricultural academy in Guibei Zhiyuan county, China.
S3 Hebei Zhiyuyuan county Chinese academy of agricultural sciences spring generation
S3.1 sowing
The test land of the initial supply can be thawed after 4 months, the temperature is not fixed every year, and the sowing time can only be changed according to the actual condition; the field block with the generation needs to be arranged on the soil with good land capability, so that the irrigation condition is convenient, and the moisturizing irrigation in the seedling stage is convenient; applying enough base fertilizer before sowing to realize smooth land, no bumpy land, and weak and solid upper part; when the weather is good, the sowing trench is dug in advance, the depth of the trench is 2-3cm, the length of the trench is 2 meters, 20 seeds are planted in each row, sufficient water is poured before sowing, the seeds can be sowed when no water exists in the sowing trench, and then the sowing trench is lightly covered with soil, so that the seeds cannot be stepped on by feet to avoid damaging the buds;
s3.2 field management of Stylopolis plus wheat
The topdressing is controlled to prevent wheat from greedy, and the irrigation in the middle and later periods is reduced, so that the wheat does not grow too fast, and the wheat is beneficial to maturing in advance; the temperature in the later stage is higher, the illumination is sufficient, the thousand-grain weight of grains is higher, rainwater is more in the later stage of grouting, the grains are premature, and the phenomenon of ear sprouting can occur in the materials which do not resist ear sprouting; in the middle and later periods, the air temperature is high, the illumination is sufficient, the grass injury is serious, the grass pulling needs to be carried out in time, and meanwhile, the prevention and the treatment of the plant diseases and insect pests cannot cause the injury;
s3.3 selection and harvesting of progeny of Triticum stilbenum
Adopting a group selection method, mainly promoting the segregation of hybrid progeny for materials of early generations, and selecting the materials with high plant height in the early generations without selecting the materials with high plant height; in the aspect of the integrity of the ears, the ears are not selected completely, materials with good fructification and disease resistance need to be selected, other properties need to be relaxed, and more ears are selected.
Furthermore, according to the sowing time, if the time is delayed to about 4 months and 20 days, the seeds can be soaked to be exposed to the white, and then sowing is carried out, so that vernalization can be carried out in advance at a low temperature, seeds are not soaked, the ground temperature is low, seedling emergence is not easy, and the vernalization cannot be carried out because the vernalization action point is at the growth point of wheat and the growth point does not appear.
Further, in step S3.1, after sowing is completed, a plastic film is covered, which promotes the growth of wheat.
Further, in step S3.1, if the test field is not watered before sowing, ditching, seeding, earthing and immediately watering after planting are needed, otherwise, the soaked wheat seeds can sprout back, and the phenomena of seedling shortage and ridge breaking are caused.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. successfully solves the difficult problems of vernalization of the wheat in summer and greenhouse construction in winter, and saves the cost of refrigeration and heating.
2. The generation-adding propagation of each generation is carried out under different environments, which is beneficial to the identification of the disease resistance of the variety and the cultivation of the eurytopic nature.
3. Excellent wheat materials (materials with different resistances of springness, semiwinterness and winterness) all over the country are collected every year by Yunnan Yuansui and Hebei Staphylea base, and are combined by hybridization to form a combination with a far distant blood relationship, so that a new germplasm resource is created and a wheat gene library is expanded.
4. Quickens the breeding process, shortens the breeding period and provides a new wheat variety for production more quickly.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
A three-place two-generation additional breeding method of semi-winter wheat is characterized in that: the semiwinter wheat strain is sown (vernalized) in the season of Puyang city of Henan province → Yunan Yuanzhu south China county winter reproduction → Guizhou Guiyuan county of Hebei province and China academy base for spring reproduction and generation addition; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1 Puyang positive season seeding and Puyang seed selection of substitute material (vernalization)
S1.1 selection of additive materials
Puyang city of Henan province is located at the junction of the three provinces of Ji, Lu and Yu, the northern part of Huang-Huai-nan province is divided according to the ecological region of wheat, most of the planted wheat varieties are semi-winter varieties, the sowing period of the wheat is generally from 5 days to 15 days in 10 months, the wheat is pulled out in 3 months in the coming year, the spike and the flower are raised in the middle and the last ten days of 4 months, and the harvest is started at the beginning of 6 months. After harvest, indoor test is carried out, wheat materials to be added are considered according to comprehensive properties, materials with uniform grain size, hard grains, high thousand-grain weight, bright grains, more grains per spike, more spikes, good yellow fall, low plant height and good stem elasticity are selected, and the materials are marked when being planted (red font marking: adding generation). The generation number of the additional generations can be F1 generation, F3 generation F4 or a high-generation line with stable characters.
Selecting a combination of high-quality tendons, wherein the combination is a tendon/tendon, a tendon/middle tendon or a tendon/middle tendon/tendon as an F1 generation;
selecting materials with high yield, lodging resistance and the like and good comprehensive properties from single plants of F3 and F4 generations; the other high-generation materials are selected to be materials which have high yield, good properties and high quality and are expected to enter provincial variety comparison tests and national variety comparison tests;
s1.2 planting of generative materials
The planting and soil preparation of the substitute materials are the key. The previous crops are selected to be consistent in the test field, the previous crops are corn and need to be crushed when the moisture content of the straws is sufficient, otherwise, the straws are difficult to be crushed thoroughly, and the whole test quality is influenced; the soil is clay, a plough of about 25cm is needed, and then the fine harrows are carried out for 2-3 times, the directions of the plough and the harrows are vertical to the direction of the cell, in short, deep ploughing and harrowing are beneficial to improving the seeding quality, and the seedling uniformity and the seedling robustness are realized;
the wheat generation-adding material of the test field is generally planted in 5 days of 10 months, F1 generation is planted in a dibble seeding mode, 2 meters and 40 grains are planted, and each combination is 2 rows; f3, F4 and high-generation materials are sown, 2 meters and 100 grains are adopted, each material is sown for 3-4 rows according to the quantity of seeds, sprinkling irrigation facilities are all installed in a test field, and sprinkling irrigation is carried out in time after sowing, so that full seedlings are sown at one time;
s2 method for reproduction in Yunan Yuanzhu-Nanzhongcun-reproduction
S2.1 Nature of Yunan
In winter, wheat is bred in winter to add generations or breed small products by utilizing the condition that the temperature of a Yuancao basin in Yunnan is high, Yuancao in Yunnan belongs to the dry hot season climate in south subtropics in Yunnan province, the annual average temperature is 21.9 ℃, the extreme highest temperature is 42 ℃, the lowest temperature is-0.1 ℃, the annual sunshine hours are 2670.4 hours, the average sunshine hours are 7.3 hours/d, the annual average rainfall is 613.8mm, and the method is finished in the first 10 th of the year from the bottom of 5 months in the rainy season; in about 1 day of 12 months, the Henan Puyang semi-winter wheat already passes vernalization, even if the wheat with strong winter performance does not pass vernalization, the transplanted wheat can continue vernalization at the low temperature of 12 months of the original collusion, and the ear-picking time of the transplanted wheat is regular and consistent; before transplanting, preparation work is needed, and the flourishing growth vigor, seedling habit, leaf color depth and the like of the wheat are observed and recorded. In addition, a corresponding number of white plastic bags are configured according to the number of the wheat seedlings, and a corresponding number of workers are configured according to the principle that the one day is finished according to the number of the wheat seedlings;
when in transplanting, writing a new row number on a white plastic substitute, then digging seedlings, wrapping each wheat seedling with a white plastic bag, digging seedlings with less soil, wherein the amount of the soil is not in direct proportion to the survival rate of the transplanting, and the soil is related to the mailing time and the climatic temperature, and the longer the mailing time is, the higher the air temperature is, the longer the seedling returning time is, and the lower the survival rate is. If the wheat seedlings cannot be dug up and placed indoors in one day, the indoor temperature is high, the humidity of the wheat seedlings is high, the seedlings are covered easily, leaves are yellow, and the transplanting survival rate is reduced. After the seedling digging is finished, the seedlings are mailed quickly and cannot be hesitated, and the seedlings can arrive in three days in general without influencing the survival of the seedlings;
s2.3 post-transplant field management
Transplanting the wheat according to the specification of 15 wheat plants per row, 1.5 m of row length and 10 cm of plant spacing, and only carrying out drip irrigation between rows or between rows according to local experience after transplanting; because of the reduction of rain in winter by Yunan conspiracy, the watering frequency is generally 1 time per 10 days in the early growth period and 1 time per 15-20 days in the later growth period; the stage of stem setting is respectively combined with irrigation of 10kg of urea per mu, the heading time is about ten days of 2 months, the time of 10 days after wheat blossom, 3 to 5kg of urea per mu can be applied during the irrigation of booting water, and timely weed pulling, pest control and insect prevention and bird prevention can be realized;
s2.4 wheat harvest and test
In late 3 months, the wheat basically enters the wax ripeness stage, the wheat can be harvested according to the conditions, the wheat can be cut down and placed in the field for airing for several days because of less rainwater in the harvesting season of the Minam village, and the selected spikes in the seed selection garden can be bundled up by ropes and threshed after being aired for several days. The threshed seeds are filled into paper bags or seed bags written with labels and then mailed to the test base of the agricultural academy in Guibei Zhiyuan county, China.
S3 Hebei Zhiyuyuan county Chinese academy of agricultural sciences spring generation
S3.1 sowing
The test field of the initial treatment source can be thawed within 4 months, the temperature is not fixed every year, and the sowing time can only be changed according to the actual situation. The field blocks added with the generation should be arranged on the soil with better soil fertility as much as possible, so that the irrigation condition is convenient, and the moisturizing irrigation is convenient in the seedling stage. Sufficient base fertilizer is applied before seeding, so that the land is flat and free of frustration, and the soil is deficient and real. When the weather is good, the sowing ditch is opened in advance, the depth of the sowing ditch is 2-3cm, the sowing ditch is 2 meters long, 20 seeds are planted in each row, and according to the sowing time, if the time is delayed to about 4 months and 20 days, the seeds can be soaked to be white and then sown, so that the vernalization can be carried out in advance at low temperature, the seeds are not soaked, the ground temperature is low, the seedling emergence is not easy, and the vernalization of wheat cannot be carried out because the acting point of the vernalization is at the growth point of wheat and the growth point does not appear. Sufficient water is poured before sowing, seeds can be sown when no water exists in the sowing ditch, and then soil is lightly covered, so that the seeds cannot be stepped by feet to avoid damaging the buds. In the case of the conditional, plastic films can be applied, which promote the growth of wheat. If the test field is not watered before sowing, ditching, seeding and earthing can be carried out, watering can be carried out immediately after the test planting is finished, otherwise, the soaked wheat seeds can sprout back, and the phenomena of seedling shortage and ridge breaking are caused.
S3.2 field management of Stylopolis plus wheat
The wheat has low temperature in the early growth stage, slow growth, more tillers, slow rising, long young ear differentiation period and more ear grains. In 6 months, the climate is suitable, the wheat grows vigorously, and the tillering is more. The top dressing is controlled to prevent wheat from greedy, irrigation in middle and later periods is reduced, so that the wheat does not grow too fast, and the wheat is beneficial to maturing in advance. The temperature in the later stage is higher, the illumination is sufficient, the thousand-grain weight of grains is higher, the rainwater is more in the later stage of grouting, the grains are premature, and the phenomenon of ear sprouting can occur in the materials which do not resist ear sprouting. In the middle and later periods, the air temperature is high, the illumination is sufficient, the grass injury is serious, the grass pulling needs to be carried out in time, and meanwhile, the prevention and the treatment of the plant diseases and insect pests cannot cause the injury.
S3.3 selection and harvesting of progeny of Triticum stilbenum
The selection method of filial generation mainly includes pedigree method and colony selection method. Both of them are long in breeding effect. From the viewpoint of addition, it is difficult to use the family method, and the group selection method is suitable. The early generation material should be mainly used for promoting the segregation of filial generation, and the plant height character can be selected in the early generation, and the plant height is not selected. The integrity of the ear is incomplete, and the material characterized by the incomplete ear, which is generally temperature sensitive, is not resistant to cold. Materials with good fructification and disease resistance are selected, other properties are relaxed, too many materials are not eliminated as much as possible, and ears are selected as much as possible. When the trait is not stably inherited and selection is strictly performed in the segregating state, selection of a gene whose trait is ideal after stable inheritance is missed, and selection early is not always performed on an individual with the highest quality.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (5)
1. A three-place two-generation additional breeding method of semi-winter wheat is characterized in that: the semiwinter wheat strain is sown (vernalized) in the season of Puyang city of Henan province → Yunan Yuanzhu south China county winter reproduction → Guizhou Yuanyuan county of Hebei province.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method specifically comprises the following steps:
s1 Puyang positive season seeding and Puyang seed selection of substitute material (vernalization)
S1.1 selection of additive materials
Selecting a combination of high-quality tendons, wherein the combination is a tendon/tendon, a tendon/middle tendon or a tendon/middle tendon/tendon as an F1 generation;
selecting materials with good comprehensive properties from single plants of F3 and F4 generations; the other high-generation materials are selected to be materials which have high yield, good properties and high quality and are expected to enter provincial variety comparison tests and national variety comparison tests;
s1.2 planting of generative materials
The previous crops are selected to be consistent in the test field, the previous crops are corn and need to be crushed when the moisture content of the straws is sufficient; the soil is clay, a plough of 25cm is needed, and then the fine harrow is carried out for 2-3 times, wherein the directions of the plough and the harrow are vertical to the direction of the cell;
sowing wheat generation-added materials in a test field in 5 days in 10 months, planting the F1 generation in a dibble seeding mode, 2 meters and 40 grains, and combining each row for 2 rows; f3, F4 and high-generation materials are sown, 2 meters and 100 grains are adopted, each material is sown for 3-4 rows according to the quantity of seeds, sprinkling irrigation facilities are all installed in a test field, and sprinkling irrigation is carried out in time after sowing, so that full seedlings are sown at one time;
s2 method for reproduction in Yunan Yuanzhu-Nanzhongcun-reproduction
S2.1 Nature of Yunan
In 1 day 12 month, Henan Puyang wheat has been vernalized, and can be transplanted; preparation work is required before transplanting, and the flourishing growth vigor, seedling habit and leaf color depth of the wheat are observed and recorded; in addition, a white plastic bag is purchased according to the quantity of seedlings to be dug;
determining the number of workers according to the total number of dug seedlings and the principle of finishing the seedlings in one day;
when transplanting, writing a new row number on a white plastic substitute, then digging seedlings, wrapping each wheat seedling with a white plastic bag, digging seedlings with less soil, and quickly mailing after digging seedlings;
s2.3 post-transplant field management
Transplanting the wheat according to the specification of 15 wheat plants per row, 1.5 m of row length and 10 cm of plant spacing, wherein after transplanting the wheat, according to local experience, drip irrigation can be only used between rows or between lines; because of the Yun-nan conspiracy, the rain is less in winter, the watering frequency is 1 time every 10 days in the early period of the growth and 1 time in 15-20 days in the later period; in the stage of jointing, 10kg of urea is applied per mu in combination with irrigation, the heading time is ten days before 2 months, 10 days after wheat blossom, 3-5 kg of urea can be applied per mu in the stage of watering the pregnant spike water, and weeding, pest control and insect and bird prevention can be carried out in time;
s2.4 wheat harvest and test
In late 3 months, the wheat enters a wax ripeness stage, and can be harvested according to conditions, because the harvest season in the Minam is less in rainwater, the wheat needs to be placed in a field for airing for several days after being cut down, or selected spikes in a seed selection garden are bundled up by ropes and threshed after being aired for several days; packaging the threshed seeds into a paper bag or a seed bag written with a label, and mailing the paper bag or the seed bag to a test base of a Chinese agricultural academy in Staphylaoyuan county of Hebei province;
s3 Hebei Zhiyuyuan county Chinese academy of agricultural sciences spring generation
S3.1 sowing
The test land of the initial supply can be thawed after 4 months, the temperature is not fixed every year, and the sowing time can only be changed according to the actual condition; the field block with the generation needs to be arranged on the soil with good land capability, so that the irrigation condition is convenient, and the moisturizing irrigation in the seedling stage is convenient; applying enough base fertilizer before sowing to realize smooth land, no bumpy land, and weak and solid upper part; when the weather is good, the sowing trench is dug in advance, the depth of the trench is 2-3cm, the length of the trench is 2 meters, 20 seeds are planted in each row, sufficient water is poured before sowing, the seeds can be sowed when no water exists in the sowing trench, and then the sowing trench is lightly covered with soil, so that the seeds cannot be stepped on by feet to avoid damaging the buds;
s3.2 field management of Stylopolis plus wheat
The topdressing is controlled to prevent wheat from greedy, and the irrigation in the middle and later periods is reduced, so that the wheat does not grow too fast, and the wheat is beneficial to maturing in advance; the temperature in the later stage is higher, the illumination is sufficient, the thousand-grain weight of grains is higher, rainwater is more in the later stage of grouting, the grains are premature, and the phenomenon of ear sprouting can occur in the materials which do not resist ear sprouting; in the middle and later periods, the air temperature is high, the illumination is sufficient, the grass injury is serious, the grass pulling needs to be carried out in time, and meanwhile, the prevention and the treatment of the plant diseases and insect pests cannot cause the injury;
s3.3 selection and harvesting of progeny of Triticum stilbenum
Adopting a group selection method, mainly promoting the segregation of hybrid progeny for materials of early generations, and selecting the materials with high plant height in the early generations without selecting the materials with high plant height; in the aspect of the integrity of the ears, the ears are not selected completely, materials with good fructification and disease resistance need to be selected, other properties need to be relaxed, and more ears are selected.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: according to the sowing time, if the time is delayed to about 4 months and 20 days, the seeds can be soaked to be white, and then sowing is carried out, so that vernalization can be carried out at a low temperature in advance, seeds are not soaked, the ground temperature is low, seedling emergence is not easy, the vernalization action point is at the growth point of wheat, the growth point does not appear, and vernalization of wheat cannot be carried out.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S3.1, after the seeding is completed, a plastic film is covered.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and step S3.1, if the test field is not watered before sowing, ditching, seeding and earthing are needed, and watering is immediately carried out after the planting is finished, otherwise, the soaked wheat seeds can sprout back, so that the phenomena of seedling shortage and ridge breaking are caused.
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| 冯斌等: "三地两代小麦育种加代技术研究", 《现代农业科技》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114586619A (en) * | 2022-03-22 | 2022-06-07 | 洛阳农林科学院 | Breeding method of high-quality wheat |
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Application publication date: 20210416 |