CN105594431A - Method for natural generation-adding breeding of ariplain winter wheat - Google Patents
Method for natural generation-adding breeding of ariplain winter wheat Download PDFInfo
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- CN105594431A CN105594431A CN201510990252.8A CN201510990252A CN105594431A CN 105594431 A CN105594431 A CN 105594431A CN 201510990252 A CN201510990252 A CN 201510990252A CN 105594431 A CN105594431 A CN 105594431A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for natural generation-adding breeding of ariplain winter wheat. The method comprises the steps of generation-adding time; generation-adding material; low temperature sprouting; vernalization; timely transplantation; shading treatment; later period film covering and warming; and harvesting and sprouting seeding. According to the method, the cost is reduced, the energy consumption is low, a technology is simple and easy to operate, and the method is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, relate to a kind of arplain winter wheat and naturally add for mating system.
Background technology
Exceed 1000 meters of Wei Bei highlands Winter Wheat Planteds at height above sea level, reach more than 270 day breeding time, during Wintering Period approaches120 days, the normal growth and development time of wheat was less than 150 days, and plantation wheat is can only 1 year one ripe. Open in this areaExhibition Wheat Cultivars and wheat stock breeding work, expend time in long, speed is slow, inefficiency.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the technical problem existing in prior art, the invention provides a kind of arplain winter wheat and naturally add Dai FanEducate method, the method has improved wheat breeding and breeding reproductive efficiency, accelerates wheat breed improvement paces, shortens wheatThe breed breeding time limit, has successfully solved " bottleneck " problem of restriction wheat breeding work, has improved breeding efficiency, contractingThe short seed selection time limit, seed selection a collection of new variety of wheat that has remarkable impact in China Yellow River-Huai River region.
Its technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of arplain winter wheat adds naturally for mating system, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, add for the time
It is that the time started is early suitable, for later stage wheat growth is sent out in order to realize double-cropped wheat seed breeding target that wheat adds generationEducate and save time, carry out after 20 days at wheat flower, the tender seed of children now gathering has germinating power, more late better, butShould not exceed 30 days;
Step 2, add for material
The propagating materials that adding generation wheat is selected is wheat seed, and the young tender wheat seed collection time generally should rest in wheat and raiseSpend rear 20-30 days, gather more late germinating power better, after seed collection, dry processing immediately, preferably adopts natural method to dry standbyWith;
Step 3, low-temperature germination
Meticulously select preparing to add the wheat seed material substituting, and rinse well with water purification, with clear water immersion 4-6 hour, drag forGo out to carry out surface sterilization processing with potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide afterwards, then repeatedly rinse clean remained on surface thimerosal with distilled water standbyWith; Get culture dish or Flat bottom container (when grain weight is many), bottom bedding layer 2-3 blotting paper is also used water-wet, puts into processedGood wheat seed is paved, and thickness does not exceed 1cm, covers moistening blotting paper, puts into refrigerator vernalization; Refrigerator temperature controlAt 5-8 DEG C, within 5-7 days, can germinate; During vernalization, should observe everyday, once find most germinations, should proceed to down immediatelyOne-phase processing, can not allow bud growth long;
Step 4, vernalization treatment
A, culture medium are prepared: field topsoil table soil and white vermiculite for culture matrix material, and both mix in the ratio of 1:1,Pack in flat and watertight container, thickness 2-3cm, humidity remains on the water-holding capacity of 70% left and right, and whole process will be all the timeKeep this humidity;
B, sowing are processed: vernalization wheat seed is evenly sowed to culture medium, and cladding thickness is advisable to bury seed, noBlocked up, water water, put into refrigerator and carry out vernalization treatment 35-40 days;
C, temperature control: should be controlled at 0-2 DEG C in whole vernalization treatment phase temperature, requirement can not be frozen;
Seedling light filling is shone at D, interval: the vernalization treatment stage will observe more, after finding to emerge, should shine seedling light filling, allows seedling as early as possibleProduce chlorophyll, carry out photosynthesis, recover autophyting growth, avoid seed nutrient exhaust and cause dead seedling, generally every 3-4It shines seedling once under the sun, and while shining 2-3, solarization first should be avoided high light and be exposed to the sun at every turn;
Step 5, transplanting in good time: within vernalization treatment 35-40 days, just can transplant necessary adequate preparation;
A, exercise seedling: before transplanting, within 3-4 days, practice seedling, daytime wheat seeding is put into whole day under sunlight and practices solarization, still put back to eveningRefrigerator low temperature environment, repeatedly practices and shines several days favourable transplant survivals;
B, transplant plot and select: transplant plot to be chosen in leeward on the sunny side, illumination abundance, irrigation and drainage plot easily, or useBasin, case etc. facilitate mobile containers (add when generation, amount was few and can use), and must there be supporting covering and lagging facility in plot, or adoptsSimple and easy polyethylene temperature canopy, plot is smooth, rich water abundance, finishing is carefully ploughed, and is convenient to plant;
C, transplanting: plant in selecting plot by predetermined seeding row spacing cave having tempered wheat seeding, water vola water, fix irrigation and drainage water channel;
Step 6, shading treatment
Wheat seeding transplanting time general early in August, in now high temperature strong season at sunshine, after transplanting, should put up in time shading net, controlled lightIntensity is removed shading net in the time that wheat seedling survives completely and starts to grow, and allows wheat seedling open country self-sow grow;
Step 7, later stage epiphragma heat
Enter September particularly after the Autumnal Equinox, temperature cools off gradually, and wheat growth has entered the fertility of booting heading flowering and groutingPeriod, the demand of temperature is improved, preference temperature 18-22 DEG C, now will take to heat measure, add a cover canopy film covering and heat insulating orTo breed material and move into heliogreenhouse, the interior temperature of canopy (chamber) will be controlled between 20-25 DEG C, should when fine day excess Temperature at noonOpening is aeration-cooling, prevents the wheat seeding of burning;
Step 8, results and vernalization sowing
The wheat lines late October maturation that adds generation, enters this one-phase and will observe attention more, vertical while finding the hardening of seed complete ripenessI.e. results, threshing in time dryness in the sun; Subsequently, adopt preceding method to carry out low-temperature germination, after seed germination, manually ditchEvenly be seeded in land for growing field crops, sow while covering with plastic film, promote early to emerge, early grow, next spring, wheat was thrown off after turning greenMulch film, with reference to land for growing field crops wheat management farming.
Preferably, in step 1, Changwu Region adds generation mid-June.
Preferably, in step 2, wheat seed divides two types, and a kind of is the wheat seed of the intact maturation that retains last year, anotherPlanting is recently to gather the tender seed of not yet full ripe children.
Further, in step 2, wheat seed is the wheat seed of the intact maturation that retains last year.
Preferably, in step 5, the temperature of lagging facility is greenhouse.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention saves cost, energy consumption is low, technology is simpleEasy to operate, be convenient to gather materials on the spot and get on the job with indigenous methods, do not need too much too your equipment, with low cost. But also there is very overall situationSex-limited, can only be used for breeding the low generation breeding of wheat basic material, can not to the fertility characteristic of wheat breed, tree characteristics,The proterties such as disease-resistant degeneration-resistant and output carry out effectively observing qualification, really select the wheat breed that excellent proterties is outstanding,Also need the meticulous seed selection of follow-up generation.
Detailed description of the invention
Further illustrate technical scheme of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Arplain of the present invention winter wheat adds naturally for the key of raising technology method eight mutually coherent steps, must be all linked with one another,Closely be connected. The wheat seed the present invention relates to is collected in Shaanxi Province, China.
1, add for the time.
It is that the time started is early suitable, for later stage wheat growth is sent out in order to realize double-cropped wheat seed breeding target that wheat adds generationEducate and save time, generally carry out after 20 days at wheat flower, the tender seed of children now gathering has germinating power, more late better,But should not exceed 30 days, carry out better mid-June Changwu Region.
2, add for material.
The propagating materials that adding generation wheat is selected is wheat seed, divides two types, and a kind of is the intact maturation retaining last yearWheat seed (best), another kind is recently to gather the tender seed of not yet full ripe children. Children's tender wheat seed collection time oneAs should rest in 20-30 days after wheat flowering, gather more late germinating power better, dry processing immediately after seed collection, preferably adoptsDry for subsequent use by natural method.
3, low-temperature germination.
Meticulously select preparing to add the wheat seed material substituting, and rinse well with water purification, with clear water immersion 4-6 hour, drag forGo out to carry out surface sterilization processing with potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide afterwards, then repeatedly rinse clean remained on surface thimerosal with distilled water standbyWith. Get culture dish or Flat bottom container (when grain weight is many), bottom bedding layer 2-3 blotting paper is also used water-wet, puts into processedGood wheat seed is paved, and thickness does not exceed 1cm, covers moistening blotting paper, puts into refrigerator vernalization. Refrigerator temperature controlAt 5-8 DEG C, generally within 5-7 days, can germinate. During vernalization, should observe everyday, once find most germinations, should turn immediatelyEnter next stage processing, can not allow bud growth long.
4, vernalization treatment.
A, culture medium are prepared: field topsoil table soil and white vermiculite for culture matrix material, and both mix in the ratio of 1:1,Pack in flat and watertight container, thickness 2-3cm, humidity remains on the water-holding capacity of 70% left and right, and whole process will be all the timeKeep this humidity.
B, sowing are processed: vernalization wheat seed is evenly sowed to culture medium, and cladding thickness is advisable to bury seed, noBlocked up, water water, put into refrigerator and carry out vernalization treatment 35-40 days.
C, temperature control: should be controlled at 0-2 DEG C in whole vernalization treatment phase temperature, requirement can not be frozen.
Seedling light filling is shone at D, interval: the vernalization treatment stage will observe more, after finding to emerge, should shine seedling light filling, allows seedling as early as possibleProduce chlorophyll, carry out photosynthesis, recover autophyting growth, avoid seed nutrient exhaust and cause dead seedling, generally every 3-4It shines seedling once under the sun, and while shining 2-3, solarization first should be avoided high light and be exposed to the sun at every turn.
5, transplant in good time. Within vernalization treatment 35-40 days, just can transplant, must adequate preparation.
A, exercise seedling: before transplanting, within 3-4 days, practice seedling, daytime wheat seeding is put into whole day under sunlight and practices solarization, still put back to eveningRefrigerator low temperature environment, repeatedly practices and shines several days favourable transplant survivals.
B, transplant plot and select: transplant plot to be chosen in leeward on the sunny side, illumination abundance, irrigation and drainage plot easily, also can useBasin, case etc. facilitate mobile containers (add when generation, amount was few and can use), and must there be supporting covering and lagging facility (greenhouse is best) in plot,Simple and easy polyethylene temperature canopy also can, plot is smooth, rich water abundance, finishing carefully plough, be convenient to plant.
C, transplanting: plant in selecting plot by predetermined seeding row spacing cave having tempered wheat seeding, water vola water, fix irrigation and drainage water channel.
6, shading treatment.
Wheat seeding transplanting time general early in August, in now high temperature strong season at sunshine, after transplanting, should put up in time shading net, controlled lightIntensity is removed shading net in the time that wheat seedling survives completely and starts to grow, and allows wheat seedling open country self-sow grow.
7, epiphragma heats the later stage.
Enter September particularly after the Autumnal Equinox, temperature cools off gradually, and wheat growth has entered the fertility of booting heading flowering and groutingPeriod, the demand of temperature is improved, preference temperature 18-22 DEG C, now will take to heat measure, add a cover canopy film covering and heat insulating orTo breed material and move into heliogreenhouse, the interior temperature of canopy (chamber) will be controlled between 20-25 DEG C, should when fine day excess Temperature at noonOpening is aeration-cooling, prevents the wheat seeding of burning.
8, results and vernalization sowing.
The wheat lines maturation of general late October that adds generation, enters this one-phase and will observe attention more, finds the hardening of seed complete ripenessIn time, gathers in the crops immediately, threshing in time dryness in the sun. Subsequently, adopt preceding method to carry out low-temperature germination, artificial after seed germinationTrench digging is evenly seeded in land for growing field crops, sow while covering with plastic film, promotes to emerge morning, grow morning, after next spring, wheat turned greenThrow off mulch film, with reference to land for growing field crops wheat management farming.
The inventive method belongs to wheat breeding method of operating, is useful in the more than 1000 meters plateau of height above sea level winter wheat growing area and is engaged in littleWheat is used when breeding work, and main purpose is the rare wheat idioplasms of accelerates multiplication wheat breeding material of low generation and expanding propagation,Can not be used for wheat Production of Large Fields and breeding and produce with planting,
The above, be only best mode for carrying out the invention, any be familiar with those skilled in the art the present invention discloseIn technical scope, the simple change of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence are replaced and are all fallen into protection scope of the present inventionIn.
Claims (5)
1. arplain winter wheat adds naturally for a mating system, it is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step 1, add for the time
Wheat adds for carrying out after 20 days at wheat flower, should not exceed 30 days;
Step 2, add for material
The propagating materials that adding generation wheat is selected is wheat seed, and the young tender wheat seed collection time generally should rest in wheat and raiseSpend rear 20-30 days, adopt natural method to dry for subsequent use;
Step 3, low-temperature germination
Meticulously select preparing to add the wheat seed material substituting, and rinse well with water purification, with clear water immersion 4-6 hour, drag forGo out to carry out surface sterilization processing with potassium permanganate or hydrogen peroxide afterwards, then repeatedly rinse clean remained on surface thimerosal with distilled water standbyWith; Get culture dish or Flat bottom container, bottom bedding layer 2-3 blotting paper is also used water-wet, puts into processed good wheat seed pavingFlat, thickness does not exceed 1cm, covers moistening blotting paper, puts into refrigerator vernalization; Refrigerator temperature is controlled at 5-8 DEG C, 5-7It germinates; During vernalization, should observe everyday, once find most germinations, should proceed to immediately next stage processing, Bu NengrangBud growth is long;
Step 4, vernalization treatment
A, culture medium are prepared: field topsoil table soil and white vermiculite for culture matrix material, and both mix in the ratio of 1:1,Pack in flat and watertight container, thickness 2-3cm, humidity remains on 70% water-holding capacity, and whole process will remainThis humidity;
B, sowing are processed: vernalization wheat seed is evenly sowed to culture medium, and cladding thickness is advisable to bury seed, noBlocked up, water water, put into refrigerator and carry out vernalization treatment 35-40 days;
C, temperature control: should be controlled at 0-2 DEG C in whole vernalization treatment phase temperature, requirement can not be frozen;
Seedling light filling is shone at D, interval: the vernalization treatment stage will observe more, after finding to emerge, should shine seedling light filling, allows seedling as early as possibleProduce chlorophyll, carry out photosynthesis, recover autophyting growth, avoid seed nutrient exhaust and cause dead seedling, generally every 3-4It shines seedling once under the sun, and while shining 2-3, solarization first should be avoided high light and be exposed to the sun at every turn;
Step 5, transplanting in good time: within vernalization treatment 35-40 days, transplant necessary adequate preparation;
A, exercise seedling: before transplanting, within 3-4 days, practice seedling, daytime wheat seeding is put into whole day under sunlight and practices solarization, still put back to eveningRefrigerator low temperature environment, repeatedly practices and shines several days favourable transplant survivals;
B, transplant plot and select: transplant plot to be chosen in leeward on the sunny side, illumination abundance, irrigation and drainage plot easily, or useBasin, case facilitate mobile containers, must there be supporting covering and lagging facility in plot, or adopts simple and easy polyethylene temperature canopy, groundPiece is smooth, rich water abundance, and finishing is carefully ploughed, and is convenient to plant;
C, transplanting: plant in selecting plot by predetermined seeding row spacing cave having tempered wheat seeding, water vola water, fix irrigation and drainage water channel;
Step 6, shading treatment
Wheat seeding transplanting time general early in August, in now high temperature strong season at sunshine, after transplanting, should put up in time shading net, controlled lightIntensity is removed shading net in the time that wheat seedling survives completely and starts to grow, and allows wheat seedling open country self-sow grow;
Step 7, later stage epiphragma heat
Enter September particularly after the Autumnal Equinox, temperature cools off gradually, and wheat growth has entered the fertility of booting heading flowering and groutingPeriod, the demand of temperature is improved, preference temperature 18-22 DEG C, now will take to heat measure, add a cover canopy film covering and heat insulating orTo breed material and move into heliogreenhouse, temperature in canopy will be controlled between 20-25 DEG C, and when fine day excess Temperature at noon, answer opening logicalWind cooling, prevents the wheat seeding of burning;
Step 8, results and vernalization sowing
The wheat lines late October maturation that adds generation, enters this one-phase and will observe attention more, vertical while finding the hardening of seed complete ripenessI.e. results, threshing in time dryness in the sun; Subsequently, adopt preceding method to carry out low-temperature germination, after seed germination, manually ditchEvenly be seeded in land for growing field crops, sow while covering with plastic film, promote early to emerge, early grow, next spring, wheat was thrown off after turning greenMulch film, with reference to land for growing field crops wheat management farming.
2. arplain according to claim 1 winter wheat adds naturally for mating system, it is characterized in that Changwu in step 1Add generation regional mid-June.
3. arplain according to claim 1 winter wheat adds naturally for mating system, it is characterized in that wheat in step 2Seed divides two types, and a kind of is the wheat seed of the intact maturation that retains last year, and another kind is recently to gather not yet full maturityThe tender seed of children.
4. arplain according to claim 3 winter wheat adds naturally for mating system, it is characterized in that wheat in step 2Seed is the wheat seed of the intact maturation that retains last year.
5. arplain according to claim 1 winter wheat adds naturally for mating system, it is characterized in that insulation in step 5The temperature of facility is greenhouse.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106305632A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-11 | 河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所 | Large-scale breeding method for laodelphax striatellus |
| CN106358630A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-02-01 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Brassica napus annual multi-generation generation adding method |
| CN106613914A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for wheat with high quality, strong gluten and disease resistance |
| CN106804280A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-06-09 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | A kind of method of Rapid identification rape cold resistance |
| CN107182779A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-09-22 | 山东农业大学 | It is a kind of greenhouse or under the conditions of different season winter wheat F2 generations Single-plant selection method |
| CN107493895A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-12-22 | 河南丰田种业有限公司 | Wheat mating system |
| CN108812156A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-16 | 丽水市农业科学研究院 | A kind of high mountain of Yangtze river basin semen viciae fabae adds for method |
| CN111165285A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-19 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Wheat single seed propagation method |
| CN111543266A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-08-18 | 福建农林大学 | Method for shortening barley growth period |
| CN112655492A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-04-16 | 濮阳市永丰农业科技有限公司 | Three-field two-generation additional breeding method for semi-winter wheat |
| CN112913372A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-08 | 南京农业大学 | Crop seed quality improvement method based on hydrogen |
| CN117256423A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2023-12-22 | 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 | Method for high-density annual rapid propagation of six-generation wheat |
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| CN106358630A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2017-02-01 | 江西省农业科学院作物研究所 | Brassica napus annual multi-generation generation adding method |
| CN106305632A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-01-11 | 河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所 | Large-scale breeding method for laodelphax striatellus |
| CN106613914A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 漯河市农业科学院 | Cultivation method for wheat with high quality, strong gluten and disease resistance |
| CN106804280A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-06-09 | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 | A kind of method of Rapid identification rape cold resistance |
| CN107182779A (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2017-09-22 | 山东农业大学 | It is a kind of greenhouse or under the conditions of different season winter wheat F2 generations Single-plant selection method |
| CN107182779B (en) * | 2017-05-10 | 2019-05-28 | 山东农业大学 | A kind of Single-plant selection method in winter wheat F2 generation under the conditions of greenhouse or different season |
| CN107493895A (en) * | 2017-09-06 | 2017-12-22 | 河南丰田种业有限公司 | Wheat mating system |
| CN108812156A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-11-16 | 丽水市农业科学研究院 | A kind of high mountain of Yangtze river basin semen viciae fabae adds for method |
| CN111165285A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-05-19 | 山西省农业科学院小麦研究所 | Wheat single seed propagation method |
| CN111543266A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-08-18 | 福建农林大学 | Method for shortening barley growth period |
| CN112655492A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-04-16 | 濮阳市永丰农业科技有限公司 | Three-field two-generation additional breeding method for semi-winter wheat |
| CN112913372A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-08 | 南京农业大学 | Crop seed quality improvement method based on hydrogen |
| CN117256423A (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2023-12-22 | 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 | Method for high-density annual rapid propagation of six-generation wheat |
| CN117256423B (en) * | 2023-10-12 | 2024-06-25 | 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所 | Method for high-density annual rapid propagation of six-generation wheat |
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