CN106358630B - A kind of cabbage type rape anniversary takes turns more plus Dai Fangfa - Google Patents
A kind of cabbage type rape anniversary takes turns more plus Dai Fangfa Download PDFInfo
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- CN106358630B CN106358630B CN201610694797.9A CN201610694797A CN106358630B CN 106358630 B CN106358630 B CN 106358630B CN 201610694797 A CN201610694797 A CN 201610694797A CN 106358630 B CN106358630 B CN 106358630B
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- rape
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Abstract
It is taken turns the present invention provides a kind of cabbage type rape anniversary more and adds Dai Fangfa, pass through effective control to Seeds preprocess, transplanting and seedling management, blooming period management and Rape pod development period management four-stage, realize three crops per annual or four ripe (i.e. anniversary three-wheel or four-wheel add generation) of rape, effectively accelerate breeding process, shortens the breeding time limit.And its controllable hot-house culture technology avoids strange land and hurries back and forth, the consumption saved the time, reduce man power and material.The rape anniversary of the application is taken turns more plus is applied in backcrossing or crossbreeding for method, the breeding of rape good quality and high output disease-resistant varieties can be accelerated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant breeding method technical fields, and in particular to a kind of cabbage type rape anniversary takes turns more plus for skill
Art.
Background technique
Cabbage type rape, abbreviation rape in production, is three kinds of oil rapes (turnip type rape, mustard type rape, Wild cabbage types
Rape) in the highest type of grain yield, be the oil crops that China area is maximum, total yield is highest.It is China's edible oil peace
Full important leverage.
The breeding of new rape variety is the basis for improving yield of rape level.In rapeseed breeding, adding generation breeding is breeding training
It educates process and shortens the breeding time limit to accelerate an essential link of breeding process.It is all at present that strange land is taken to add Dai Fanyu
Mode, take a large amount of human and material resources and financial resources, and can only realize that breeding in 1 year is two ripe, breeding process is slow.Meanwhile
Recently as the raising of strange land summer temperature, low temperature needed for rape passes through the period of vernalization and low temperature period cannot be expired
Foot, the material for causing winter habit slightly strong cannot bloom or normal mature, causes plus for failure, this is that one kind is newly chosen to rapeseed breeding
War.Therefore, increasing generation technique is innovated, realizes indoor mostly generation breeding, shortens the breeding time limit, accelerates breeding process, saves breeding cost,
It assures success and adds generation, have great importance for rapeseed breeding.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that overcoming in existing rapeseed breeding technology breeding year limit for length and resource
Big problem is expended, is taken turns in a kind of rape anniversary plus Dai Fangfa effectively accelerates to realize the ripe breeding of 3-4 in 1 year to provide more
Breeding process shortens the breeding time limit, strange land is avoided to hurry back and forth, and saves human and material resources and financial resources cost.
For this purpose, the technical solution that the application takes is,
A kind of cabbage type rape anniversary takes turns more plus Dai Fangfa, includes the following steps,
Seed is placed in the culture dish for being covered with double-layer filter paper by Seeds preprocess, adds water cover upper cover, is placed in 30 DEG C
Constant incubator in cultivate, after seed broken shell reveal bud after, be put into 2 DEG C of dark culture case and carry out artificial vernalization treatment 15-25
It, obtains required Brassica Napus Seedling；
Transplanting and seedling management, the Brassica Napus Seedling Jing Guo artificial vernalization treatment is implanted into Nutrition Soil, and plantation is deep
1cm is spent, is then placed in illumination cultivation room and is cultivated, intensity of illumination 4000-6000LUX, light irradiation time 23.5 hours/
It, the temperature before the Brassica Napus Seedling bud differentiation is controlled at 20 DEG C, is observed the Brassica Napus Seedling and is started bud differentiation, temperature
Control is 28-30 DEG C；
Blooming period management, every plant of Brassica Napus Seedling end the 5th spend after, tail portion inflorescence and branched inflorescence are extractd, to retain
5 siliques formed earliest；
Rape pod development period management, after the florescence, the light source distance in control silique and the illumination cultivation room is 1cm,
Temperature is 35-38 DEG C, to promote the development of silique；
Seed harvest, harvests plant when seed is hardened to and can normally be germinateed in the silique, dries threshing, saves standby
With；
Adding generation repeats the above steps the seed of harvest, and that completes a new round adds generation.
Preferably, the rape anniversary takes turns more plus in method, in the Seeds preprocess stage, artificial vernalization treatment
Time be 15 or 25 days.
Preferably, the rape anniversary takes turns more plus in method, in the Seeds preprocess stage, artificial vernalization treatment
In the process, water is added in Xiang Suoshu culture dish, to ensure seedling vigor.
Preferably, the rape anniversary takes turns more plus in method, in transplanting and seedling management stage, in illumination cultivation room
In cultivated during, further include watering and pouring the process of compound fertilizer to the Brassica Napus Seedling.
Preferably, the rape anniversary takes turns more plus in method, in transplanting and seedling management stage, in illumination cultivation room
In cultivated during, monthly pour a concentration be 10g/L compound fertilizer's aqueous solution.
Preferably, it takes turns in the rape anniversary more plus in method, in transplanting and seedling management stage, the Nutrition Soil is set
Being placed in bottom has in the plastic cup in hole, and multiple plastic cups are set in plastic casing, the battalion of every plastic cup
It supports and transplants two plants of Brassica Napus Seedlings in soil.
Preferably, the rape anniversary takes turns more plus in method, transplants in the Nutrition Soil of every plastic cup
Two plants of Brassica Napus Seedlings wipe out relatively weak one plant in the case where emerging.
Preferably, it takes turns in the rape anniversary more plus in method, in the blooming period management stage, carries out artificial supplementary pollination certainly
It hands over or manual detasseling pollination hybridizes.
The above-mentioned rape anniversary takes turns more plus the application for method in hybridization or back cross breeding.
Preferably, take turns the application added for method in hybridization or back cross breeding the above-mentioned rape anniversary more, it is described to hybridize or return
The male parent of friendship is the kind of breeding time length in two parents, the product hybridized or the female parent of backcrossing is short for breeding time in two parents
Kind.
Technical solution of the present invention has the advantages that
1. the rape anniversary provided by the invention takes turns more plus Dai Fangfa, by Seeds preprocess, transplanting and seedling management, flower
Effective control of period management and Rape pod development period management four-stage realizes three crops per annual or four ripe (the i.e. anniversaries three of rape
Wheel or four-wheel add generation), effectively accelerate breeding process, shortens the breeding time limit.And its controllable hot-house culture technology avoids
Strange land is hurried back and forth, the consumption saved the time, reduce man power and material.Wherein, the artificial vernalization treatment condition of the application and seedling
The illumination cultivation condition of management phase, may advantageously facilitate and bloom, and plant is made to enter florescence, the processing method in Rape pod development stage in advance
In the case where not influencing germination percentage, accelerate seed development, every plant of Brassica Napus Seedling end the 5th spend after, extract tail portion flower
Sequence and branched inflorescence are conducive to the breeding time for shortening single plant, and each management phase cooperates, and are meeting rape growth rule
Under the premise of rule, promote its growth, accelerates development, its growth cycle is rationally shortened, to realize the three crops per annual of rape
Or four is ripe.
2. the rape anniversary provided by the invention takes turns more plus Dai Fangfa, be conducive to the breeding time for shortening single plant.
It is 185 days or so (referring to China in selected kind breeding time 3. the rape anniversary provided by the invention takes turns more plus Dai Fangfa
Double 128, Hua Zhong Agriculture University), the vernalization treatment time is 15 days, it can be achieved that 1 year four-wheel adds generation, is in selected kind breeding time
200 days or so (No. 11 double referring in, Inst. of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agriculture), the vernalization treatment time was 25 days, can be real
Existing 1 year three-wheel adds generation.
4. the rape anniversary of the application takes turns more plus is applied in backcrossing or crossbreeding for method, the high-quality height of rape is accelerated
Produce the breeding of disease-resistant variety.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
1 year three-wheel of rape adds Dai Fangfa, includes the following steps:
Seeds preprocess, seed (in double No. 11, Inst. of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agriculture) is placed in be covered with it is double
In the culture dish of layer filter paper, adds water with moisture needed for ensuring seed growth, close the lid, be placed in 30 DEG C of constant incubator
Middle culture after bud is revealed in seed broken shell, is put into 2 DEG C of dark culture case and carries out artificial vernalization treatment 25 days, needed for obtaining on the 3rd
Brassica Napus Seedling, for guarantee seedling vigor, during artificial vernalization treatment keep culture dish in have suitable moisture.
Transplanting and seedling management fill Nutrition Soil, are placed on a modeling after the plastic cup bottom that volume is 220ml burrows
In magazine, suitable water is added into plastic casing, guarantees that the Nutrition Soil in plastic cup sufficiently absorbs water, in case seedling replanting.
(preferably healthy sturdy rape children will be transplanted into Nutrition Soil in the Brassica Napus Seedling Jing Guo artificial vernalization treatment
Seedling), planting depth 1cm is then placed in illumination cultivation room and is cultivated, intensity of illumination 4000LUX, and light irradiation time 23.5 is small
When/day, temperature before the Brassica Napus Seedling bud differentiation controls at 20 DEG C, observes the Brassica Napus Seedling and start bud differentiation,
Temperature control is 28 DEG C.
To guarantee emergence rate, two plants of Brassica Napus Seedlings of transplanting in the Nutrition Soil of every plastic cup, if two plants all emerge,
Then wipe out relatively weak one plant.To avoid the topsoil in plastic cup hardened, optimum period, waters in Xiang Suoshu plastic casing, and
Monthly pour the compound fertilizer (N-P that a concentration is 10g/L2O5-K2O15-15-15 Luxi Chemical Group Co., Ltd.) it is water-soluble
Liquid.
Blooming period management, every plant of Brassica Napus Seedling end the 5th spend after, tail portion inflorescence and branched inflorescence are extractd, to retain
5 siliques formed earliest.To exempt florescence bagging, rape florescence guarantees to be placed into suitable position without worm in illumination cultivation room
It sets and other staff is avoided to touch single plant of blooming, to improve setting percentage, carry out artificial supplementary pollination.
Rape pod development period management, after the florescence, the light source distance in control silique and the illumination cultivation room is 1cm,
Temperature is 35 DEG C, to promote the development of silique.
Seed harvest, harvests plant when seed is hardened to and can normally be germinateed in the silique, dries threshing and forms a generation
Seed saves backup；
The breeding of two generations, repeats the above steps the generation seed of harvest, and that completes a new round adds generation, generates two generation seeds,
Two generation seeds of harvest are repeated the above steps, that completes further to take turns adds generation, generates three generations's seed.
The above process completes required time totally one year.
Embodiment 2
1 year four-wheel of rape adds Dai Fangfa, includes the following steps:
Seed (China double 128, Hua Zhong Agriculture University) is placed in the culture dish for being covered with double-layer filter paper by Seeds preprocess,
Add water with moisture needed for ensuring seed growth, closes the lid, be placed in 30 DEG C of constant incubator and cultivate, the 3rd wait plant
It after sub- broken shell dew bud, is put into 2 DEG C of dark culture case and carries out artificial vernalization treatment 15 days, obtain required Brassica Napus Seedling, to protect
Seedling vigor is demonstrate,proved, keeps having suitable moisture in culture dish during artificial vernalization treatment.
Transplanting and seedling management fill Nutrition Soil after the plastic cup bottom that volume is 220ml burrows, and it is big to be placed on one
Plastic casing in, be added suitable water into plastic casing, guarantee that the Nutrition Soil in plastic cup sufficiently absorbs water, in case seedling moves
It plants.
(preferably healthy sturdy rape children will be transplanted into Nutrition Soil in the Brassica Napus Seedling Jing Guo artificial vernalization treatment
Seedling), planting depth 1cm is then placed in illumination cultivation room and is cultivated, intensity of illumination 6000LUX, and light irradiation time 23.5 is small
When/day, temperature before the Brassica Napus Seedling bud differentiation controls at 20 DEG C, observes the Brassica Napus Seedling and start bud differentiation,
Temperature control is 30 DEG C.
To guarantee emergence rate, two plants of Brassica Napus Seedlings of transplanting in the Nutrition Soil of every plastic cup, if two plants all emerge,
Then wipe out relatively weak one plant.To avoid the topsoil in plastic cup hardened, optimum period, waters in Xiang Suoshu plastic casing, and
Monthly pour the compound fertilizer (N-P that a concentration is 10g/L2O5-K2O15-15-15 Luxi Chemical Group Co., Ltd.) it is water-soluble
Liquid.
Blooming period management, every plant of Brassica Napus Seedling end the 5th spend after, tail portion inflorescence and branched inflorescence are extractd, to retain
5 siliques formed earliest.To exempt florescence bagging, rape florescence guarantees to be placed into suitable position without worm in illumination cultivation room
It sets and other staff is avoided to touch single plant of blooming, to improve setting percentage, carry out artificial supplementary pollination.
Rape pod development period management, after the florescence, the light source distance in control silique and the illumination cultivation room is 1cm,
Temperature is 38 DEG C, to promote the development of silique.
Seed harvest, harvests plant when seed is hardened to and can normally be germinateed in the silique, dries threshing and forms a generation
Seed saves backup；
The breeding of two generations, repeats the above steps the generation seed of harvest, and that completes a new round adds generation, generates two generation seeds,
Two generation seeds of harvest are repeated the above steps, that completes further to take turns adds generation, three generations's seed is generated, three generations's seed weight of harvest
Multiple above-mentioned steps, that completes another wheel adds generation, generates four generation seeds, spare.
The above process completes required time totally one year.
Embodiment 3
Adding for method with embodiment 1 in the present embodiment, when difference is only that artificial vernalization treatment, intensity of illumination is
5000LUX, the Brassica Napus Seedling start bud differentiation, and temperature control is 29 DEG C.
Embodiment 4
Adding for method with embodiment 2 in the present embodiment, when difference is only that artificial vernalization treatment, intensity of illumination is
5000LUX, the Brassica Napus Seedling start bud differentiation, and temperature control is 29 DEG C.
Embodiment 5
In crossbreeding plus in generation, the kind of selection example 2 is female parent, and the kind of embodiment 1 is that male parent is hybridized
Add for breeding, male parent is sowed in advance, and cultural method guarantees that male parent has been bloomed when female parent is bloomed with embodiment 1, and by manually going
Hero pollination obtains hybrid seed.
Embodiment 6
In back cross breeding plus in generation, the kind of same selection example 2 is female parent, and the kind of embodiment 1 is male parent progress
Add for breeding, male parent is sowed in advance, and cultural method guarantees that male parent has been bloomed when female parent is bloomed with embodiment 1, and by manually going
Hero pollination obtains backcrossing seed.
Embodiment 7
In crossbreeding plus in generation, the kind of selection example 4 is female parent, and the kind of embodiment 3 is that male parent is hybridized
Add for breeding, male parent is sowed in advance, and cultural method guarantees that male parent has been bloomed when female parent is bloomed with embodiment 2, and by manually going
Hero pollination obtains hybrid seed.
Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarifying the description, and does not limit the embodiments.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of variation or
It changes.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And it is extended from this it is obvious variation or
It changes still within the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cabbage type rape anniversary takes turns more plus Dai Fangfa, include the following steps:
Seed is placed in the culture dish for being covered with double-layer filter paper by Seeds preprocess, adds water cover upper cover, is placed in 30 DEG C of perseverance
It is cultivated in warm incubator, after bud is revealed in seed broken shell, is put into 2 DEG C of dark culture case and carries out artificial vernalization treatment 15-25 days, obtain
To required Brassica Napus Seedling；
Transplanting and seedling management, the Brassica Napus Seedling Jing Guo artificial vernalization treatment are implanted into Nutrition Soil, planting depth
1cm is then placed in illumination cultivation room and is cultivated, intensity of illumination 4000-6000LUX, 23.5 hour/day of light irradiation time,
Temperature before the Brassica Napus Seedling bud differentiation is controlled at 20 DEG C, is observed the Brassica Napus Seedling and is started bud differentiation, temperature control
It is made as 28-30 DEG C；
Blooming period management, every plant of Brassica Napus Seedling end the 5th spend after, extract tail portion inflorescence and branched inflorescence, only retain earliest
5 siliques formed；
Rape pod development period management, after the florescence, the light source distance in control silique and the illumination cultivation room is 1cm, temperature
It is 35-38 DEG C, to promote the development of silique；
Seed harvest, harvests plant when seed is hardened to and can normally be germinateed in the silique, dries threshing, save backup；
Adding generation repeats the above steps the seed of harvest, and that completes a new round adds generation.
2. the rape anniversary according to claim 1 takes turns more plus Dai Fangfa, which is characterized in that in the Seeds preprocess rank
Section, the time of artificial vernalization treatment are 15 or 25 days.
3. the rape anniversary according to claim 1 or 2 takes turns more plus Dai Fangfa, which is characterized in that in the Seeds preprocess
During artificial vernalization treatment, water is added in Xiang Suoshu culture dish, to ensure seedling vigor in stage.
4. the rape anniversary according to claim 3 takes turns more plus Dai Fangfa, which is characterized in that in transplanting and seedling management rank
Section further includes the process for watering and pouring compound fertilizer to the Brassica Napus Seedling during culture in illumination cultivation room.
5. the rape anniversary according to claim 4 takes turns more plus Dai Fangfa, which is characterized in that in transplanting and seedling management rank
Section during culture in illumination cultivation room, monthly pours compound fertilizer's aqueous solution that a concentration is 10g/L.
6. the rape anniversary according to claim 4 or 5 takes turns more plus Dai Fangfa, which is characterized in that in transplanting and seedling management
In the stage, the Nutrition Soil, which is set to bottom, to be had in the plastic cup in hole, and the plastic cup is set in plastic casing.
7. the rape anniversary according to claim 6 takes turns more plus Dai Fangfa, which is characterized in that the battalion of every plastic cup
The two plants of Brassica Napus Seedlings transplanted in soil are supported, in the case where emerging, wipe out relatively weak one plant.
8. according to claim 1, taking turns in the rape anniversary described in 2,4,5 or 7 more and adding Dai Fangfa, which is characterized in that in blooming period management
Stage carries out artificial assisted pollination or manual detasseling pollination hybridization.
9. claim 1-8 any rape anniversary takes turns more plus the application for method in hybridization or back cross breeding.
10. the rape anniversary according to claim 9 takes turns more plus the application for method in hybridization or back cross breeding, feature
It is, the male parent of the hybridization or backcrossing kind long for breeding time in two parents, the female parent of the hybridization or backcrossing is amphiphilic
Breeding time short kind in this.
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| CN108738776A (en) * | 2018-05-30 | 2018-11-06 | 林晶 | A kind of bi-annual planting method of STEVIA REBAUDIANA breeding |
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| CN109618599A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-04-16 | 江西农业大学 | A method of it widening rapeseed cultivation region and extends rape viewing period |
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| CN111296283A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-19 | 四川省内江市农业科学院 | Method for producing high-oleic-acid rapeseed in purifying mode |
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| CN113040048A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-06-29 | 河南省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for rapidly identifying purity of rape hybrid seeds indoors |
| CN114375775B (en) * | 2022-01-13 | 2022-11-29 | 任海龙 | Breeding method for quickly transferring purple flowering cabbage gene to flowering cabbage |
| CN114651684B (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2023-09-08 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所 | Vernalization and substitution culture method for highland barley |
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