CN103270831A - Method for regulating and controlling sunflower water-fertilizer salt in slight alkaline land - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling sunflower water-fertilizer salt in slight alkaline land Download PDFInfo
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- CN103270831A CN103270831A CN2013101672660A CN201310167266A CN103270831A CN 103270831 A CN103270831 A CN 103270831A CN 2013101672660 A CN2013101672660 A CN 2013101672660A CN 201310167266 A CN201310167266 A CN 201310167266A CN 103270831 A CN103270831 A CN 103270831A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for regulating and controlling sunflower water-fertilizer salt in a slight alkaline land. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting the slight alkaline land, (2) carrying out leaching before sowing, (3) carrying out land consolidation, and (4) selecting varieties, selecting '3638' sunflowers, and carrying out film mulching plantation. At the squaring stage of the sunflowers, irrigation water is 52 m3/ mu, and at the full duration stage of sunflower growth, the application number of the fertilizers is that base fertilizer diamine is 25 kg/mu, and topdressing urea is 15 kg/mu. The salt accumulating degree of a sunflower land using the regulation and control technology is lower than the salt accumulating degree of a local level, and water is saved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the soil melioration technical field, relate to a kind of slight saline land sunflower liquid manure salt regulate and control method.
Background technology
Show about 5.27 hundred million mu of China's saline land resource area according to China's soil survey information second time.But about 100,000,000 mu of the saline and alkaline arable land that can develop in the recent period mainly is distributed in China North China, northwest, northeast and coastal region.Wherein the total land area of Inner Mongol Hetao Irrigation District is 1,784 ten thousand mu, is the type area that China's soil salinization is grown, and (salt content 2～4g/kg) accounts for arable area 24% to slight salty soils.Be subjected to the influence of factor such as unreasonable fertigation, the secondary salinization soil area still constantly enlarges.Sunflower is one of main economic crops of China, also is the topmost economic crops of Inner Mongol Hetao Irrigation District simultaneously.Along with the driving of factors such as expansion, breed structure aggravation of contradictions and the sunflower kind sunflower benefit of the minimizing of the raising of living standards of the people, quantity of cultivated land, the secondary salinization of soil of soil be more on the low side, reasonably irrigating is two most important measures the most direct that improve sunflower output and regulation and control soil salt.Yet in order to pursue higher yield, the general blindly a large amount of applying fertilizer of peasant household in recent years makes negative ecological effect that the accumulation of nitrogen phosphorus the causes productivity gain of crop far away.Add irrational broad irrigation, make subterranean water level raise, increase evaporation from phreatic water, cause the secondary salinization of soil aggravation of soil.At present for guaranteeing that slight saline and alkaline crop yield mostly is conceived to improve the soil and macroscopical qualitative aspect such as field piece research and development, and do not have a cover concrete operator scheme in detail for improving slight saline land crop yield liquid manure salt regulation and control qualitative, quantitative aspect, particularly natural conditions and its similar area at Inner Mongol Hetao Irrigation District characteristics also do not have the suitable liquid manure salt regulation and control model of a cover, being not easy to peasant household and applying, also is to cause one of major reason of the soil salinization for pursuing the excessive irrigation fertilization of high yield.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective that exists in the prior art, a kind of slight saline land sunflower liquid manure salt regulate and control method is provided.
Its concrete technical scheme is: a kind of slight saline land sunflower liquid manure salt regulate and control method may further comprise the steps:
(1) selected slight saline land: prior to seeding, at first along equidistant 3 groups of soil specimens, the sampling depth 40cm of getting of the diagonal in soil, press the 20cm layering, the soil of obtaining is taken back the laboratory carry out air-dryly, take by weighing the 20g air dried soil and place the 300mL plastic bottle, add 100mL water, cover tightly plastic bottle closure, with the vibrating machine 30min that vibrates, filter suspension, suspension is extract, static back is measured with DDSJ-308 type conductivity gauge, and each soil sample is surveyed three times and repeated, and averages at last and determines soil EC value;
(2) broadcast preceding drip washing: for guaranteeing that soil salt reaches the level that suitable sunflower emerges, with fresh water drip washing is irrigated in the field before broadcasting, the irrigation leaching quantity is 100～120m
3/ mu;
(3) consolidation: use the laser land leveling technology to carry out the land readjustment arrangement;
(4) kind is selected: select " 3638 " sunflower for use, carry out film-covering planting:
In sunflower squaring period, duty is 52m
3/ mu, in the time of infertility of sunflower growth, rate of fertilizer is base manure diamino 25kg/ mu, urea 15kg/ mu topdresses.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Use technical scheme of the present invention, sunflower output, quality and peasant household's custom water and fertilizer management method and local irrigation fertilization are on close level, but the more local level of sunflower growing way is good, and the more local level of soil EC value is low, namely use the sunflower ground salification degree of this control technique to be weaker than local level, save the water yield.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is sunflower ground salification degree and the local horizontal comparison diagram that carries out the regulation and control of liquid manure salt.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is done explanation in further detail.
A kind of slight saline land sunflower liquid manure salt regulate and control method may further comprise the steps:
(1) selected slight saline land: prior to seeding, at first along equidistant 3 groups of soil specimens, the sampling depth 40cm of getting of the diagonal in soil, press the 20cm layering, the soil of obtaining is taken back the laboratory carry out air-dryly, take by weighing the 20g air dried soil and place the 300mL plastic bottle, add 100mL water, cover tightly plastic bottle closure, with the vibrating machine 30min that vibrates, filter suspension, suspension is extract, static back is measured with DDSJ-308 type conductivity gauge, and each soil sample is surveyed three times and repeated, and averages at last and determines soil EC value;
(2) broadcast preceding drip washing: be to guarantee that soil salt reaches the level that suitable sunflower emerges before broadcasting, with fresh water drip washing is irrigated in the field, irrigate leaching quantity and according to irrigation water salt content, soil salt, crop factors such as the sensitivity of salinity and the variation of underground water salinity are defined as 100～120m
3/ mu;
(3) consolidation: use the laser land leveling technology to carry out the land readjustment arrangement;
(4) kind is selected: select " 3638 " sunflower for use, carry out film-covering planting
In sunflower squaring period, duty is 52m
3/ mu, more local level (60-70m
3/ mu) subtract 15%.Concrete irrigation quantity and irrigation period can consider to come water cycle and rainfall situation, appropriate change irrigating water quota.
In the time of infertility of sunflower growth, rate of fertilizer is base manure diamino 25kg/ mu, and urea 15kg/ mu topdresses.More local level: base manure diamino 28kg/ mu, the urea 17kg/ mu that topdresses subtracts 10%.Measure according to local soil nutrient, it is required that quick-acting potassium content satisfies crop in the soil, so do not need other potassium application.
Particularly, slightly saline land sunflower water-fertilizer conditioning technology is divided into " Honda arrangement-bedding mulch film-scatter seeds-field management "
The Honda arrangement mainly is to turn over to level land, it is more loose after soil plough horizon is spun upside down to turn over, the effect of burying crop root residue, chemical fertilizer, green manure, weeds and preventing and kill off damage by disease and insect of turning over is also arranged simultaneously, to increasing topsoil thickness, increase soil property thoroughly, promote that aerobe activity and nutrient mineralising etc. also are favourable.Level land and to improve the uniformity of irrigation fertilization.Plastic mulching can be played the effect that heats soil moisture conservation, fertile ground, presses down grass, has coordinated water, fertilizer, gas, the hot situation of soil plough horizon, for growing of crop created more adapt circumstance.Seed is prepared by this field sowing quantity, sowed best sowing time in sunflower.Field management mainly comprises carries out the adjusting of moisture and fertilizer to sunflower seeding stage, squaring period, flowering stage, maturing stage.Along with the development in different bearing stage of sunflower, its water-fertilizer conditioning technology has corresponding variation and specification requirement, should adjust at each period.
Key technology wherein is: slight saline land plantation sunflower moisture is regulated and the soil fertility control technique.
Slight saline land sunflower is divided the water regulation and control: general slight saline land sunflower is irritated a water and be advisable breeding time.Do not need seedling stage to pour water, in key developmental stages such as the squaring period of sunflower growth, irrigation quantity is irrigated to optimize duty 52m3/ mu, be the most vigorous period of sunflower stem, each organ growth of leaf this period, budding to blooming and being that whole growing needs water, needs fertile peak period, therefore having irritated water squaring period, guaranteed this stage moisture regular supply, is the volume increase important step; Flowering stage and pustulation period do not need to pour water.In sunflower breeding time, if rainfall should in time take measures greatly to carry out pump drainage, prevent from being flooded and cause root system early ageing and prevent that a large amount of accumulation of salts in the surface soil in soil cause plant growth to be subjected to harmful effect because subterranean water level raises.
The sunflower fertilizer regulation and control of slight saline land: in the time of infertility of sunflower growth, fertilizer amount is diammonium phosphate 25kg/ mu, urea 15kg/ mu, and diammonium phosphate does that base manure is disposable to apply, and urea applies as topdressing with pouring water in sunflower squaring period.
With bright two societies in Shan Ba town, Hetao Irrigation District Bayan nur city, the typical Inner Mongol as the experiment place.Sunflower effective rainfall in time of infertility 65.8mm, sunflower key developmental stages rainfall in 7～August 28.6mm.2 processing are set, 4 repetitions.
Embodiment 1
Adopt the water-fertilizer conditioning technology of the slight saline land of the present invention sunflower, irrigate drip washing before broadcasting, leaching quantity 100～120m3/ mu is irrigated at the sunflower early squaring, and duty is 52m3/ mu.Fertilizing amount is diammonium phosphate 25kg/ mu, urea 15kg/ mu, and wherein diammonium phosphate applies as base manure is disposable, and urea applies with pouring water in sunflower as topdressing squaring period, selects for use the sunflower kind to be " 3638 ", sowing on May 26.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the conventional fertilizer application amount: diammonium phosphate 28kg/ mu, urea 17kg/ mu and traditional irrigation mode: irrigation in growing period amount 60～70m3/ mu, select for use the sunflower kind to be " 3638 ", sowing on May 26.
Sunflower average yield 265.4kg/ mu among the embodiment 1, the sunflower average yield 259.9kg/ mu of embodiment 2, per mu yield exceeds local horizontal 5.5kg/ mu, and economizes on water 15%, saves fertilizer 10%.After the sunflower results, go soil sample analysis, May 26 compared before recording soil 0-40cmEC and planting, liquid manure salt regulation and control ground is average to raise 0.25, and local horizontal sunflower ground EC value raises 0.35, and the sunflower ground salification degree of carrying out the regulation and control of liquid manure salt is weaker than local level.The concrete variation sees Fig. 1
Contrast as seen by above-described embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, carrying out liquid manure salt regulation and control sunflower and local level compares, pour water subtract 15%, fertilising subtracts under 10% the situation, soil moisture content in breeding time, Net Photosynthetic Rate does not have significant difference, the soil salification degree of carrying out the regulation and control of liquid manure salt is weaker than local level, and output is higher than local level.So this saline land agricultural high-effiency utilizes technology mode aspect water saving, volume increase, the minimizing crop fertilization amount significant effect being arranged.
The above; only be the preferable embodiment of the present invention; protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses, the simple change of the technical scheme that can obtain apparently or equivalence are replaced and are all fallen within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a slight saline land sunflower liquid manure salt regulate and control method is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) selected slight saline land: prior to seeding, at first along equidistant 3 groups of soil specimens, the sampling depth 40cm of getting of the diagonal in soil, press the 20cm layering, the soil of obtaining is taken back the laboratory carry out air-dryly, take by weighing the 20g air dried soil and place the 300mL plastic bottle, add 100mL water, cover tightly plastic bottle closure, with the vibrating machine 30min that vibrates, filter suspension, suspension is extract, static back is measured with DDSJ-308 type conductivity gauge, and each soil sample is surveyed three times and repeated, and averages at last and determines soil EC value;
(2) broadcast preceding drip washing: for guaranteeing that soil salt reaches the level that suitable sunflower emerges, with fresh water drip washing is irrigated in the field before broadcasting, the irrigation leaching quantity is 100～120m
3/ mu;
(3) consolidation: use the laser land leveling technology to carry out the land readjustment arrangement;
(4) kind is selected: select " 3638 " sunflower for use, carry out film-covering planting:
In sunflower squaring period, duty is 52m
3/ mu, in the time of infertility of sunflower growth, rate of fertilizer is base manure diamino 25kg/ mu, urea 15kg/ mu topdresses.
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| CN201310167266.0A CN103270831B (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2013-04-23 | A kind of slight alkaline land sunflower liquid manure salt regulate and control method |
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| CN201310167266.0A CN103270831B (en) | 2013-04-23 | 2013-04-23 | A kind of slight alkaline land sunflower liquid manure salt regulate and control method |
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| CN103270831B CN103270831B (en) | 2016-03-09 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107360841A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-11-21 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of method in salt-soda soil plantation sunflower |
| CN107884442A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2018-04-06 | 佛山汇众森泰科技有限公司 | A kind of soil salinity and alkalinity detector |
| CN109287391A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-01 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | In plant the fertilizing method of herbivore certain herbaceous plants with big flowers heavy salinizedly |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107360841A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-11-21 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of method in salt-soda soil plantation sunflower |
| CN107884442A (en) * | 2017-10-12 | 2018-04-06 | 佛山汇众森泰科技有限公司 | A kind of soil salinity and alkalinity detector |
| CN109287391A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-02-01 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | In plant the fertilizing method of herbivore certain herbaceous plants with big flowers heavy salinizedly |
| CN109287391B (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2021-04-13 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Fertilizing method for planting edible sunflower in moderate and severe saline-alkali soil |
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| CN103270831B (en) | 2016-03-09 |
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