CN106613751B - Method for regulating and controlling irrigation in flowering phase based on precipitation from jointing of winter wheat to flowering phase - Google Patents
Method for regulating and controlling irrigation in flowering phase based on precipitation from jointing of winter wheat to flowering phase Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for regulating and controlling the irrigation in the flowering period based on the precipitation from jointing of winter wheat to the flowering period, which belongs to the technical field of crop irrigationOn the basis of quantitative sowing, sowing in full soil moisture, sowing late in proper period, compacting after sowing and cultivating strong seedlings before winter, the winter wheat is not irrigated before overwintering and in the filling period, and the irrigation water quantity is 50-60m in the jointing stage3The irrigation water amount in the flowering period is regulated and controlled according to the precipitation amount from jointing to the flowering period, when the precipitation amount is not less than 25mm, irrigation is not carried out, the yield reduction range can be controlled within 10 percent, and when the precipitation amount is less than 25mm, the irrigation water amount is 40-50m3In addition, irrigation is not needed before overwintering and in the grouting period, the method can be widely applied to winter wheat planting systems in North China, has double effects of stable yield and water saving, and has very important significance for guaranteeing grain production in the region and relieving super-harvest of underground water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop irrigation, relates to an irrigation method of winter wheat, and particularly relates to a method for regulating and controlling irrigation in a flowering period based on precipitation from jointing of winter wheat to the flowering period.
Background
North China plain is an important main food production base in China and is one of the areas with the greatest shortage of water resources, and the total amount of water resources only accounts for 7.6 percent of the whole country. Winter wheat-summer corn is planted twice a year in North China plain, and due to the influence of seasonal climate, precipitation is mainly distributed in summer corn seasons, the winter wheat seasons are dry and have little rain, the average annual rainfall is only about 100mm, and is far lower than the water consumption of 350-450mm in the winter wheat growth period, so that irrigation and water supplement are indispensable means for obtaining higher yield.
The jointing stage and the flowering stage are two key growth stages of the ear differentiation process of winter wheat, and are also two stages with the largest water demand, so that the wheat is very sensitive to soil moisture deficiency. Plants begin to grow rapidly in the jointing stage, ears are differentiated to enter a key glume-protecting floret differentiation stage, and in northern China, winter wheat before jointing is dry, windy and rainy, and the ground evaporation capacity is large, so that irrigation in the jointing stage of the winter wheat is a necessary measure and means for guaranteeing the growth, development and yield of the wheat. The winter wheat flowering phase is a key growth phase for pollination and fructification and then grouting, precipitation in the region is gradually increased from the jointing stage of the winter wheat, but annual change is large, for example, the change range of effective precipitation of the wheat jointing-flowering phase in the last 30 years in 1985 and 2015 in Hebei Shizhuang area is 0-57mm, if precipitation before flowering of the winter wheat is little, soil water content in the flowering phase is low, irrigation needs to be carried out in time, the yield increase effect is obvious, if precipitation in the early stage is more, soil water content in the flowering phase is high, irrigation is carried out blindly, the yield increase effect is not obvious, water resources are wasted, and therefore, in order to achieve the dual purposes of water saving and high yield of the winter wheat, the irrigation decision in the flowering phase is very important.
In the past, the decision of whether the winter wheat is irrigated at the flowering stage is mainly based on the seedling condition and the soil moisture content, the judgment of seedling condition indexes lacks a uniform standard, and the seedling condition difference of different plots is large by experience; soil moisture content is mainly according to soil water content, and the survey of soil water content is more loaded down with trivial details, often can only confine to several sites of specific plot moreover, and the big batch survey of many plots multisites lacks the reality feasibility again, and consequently, the regional representativeness of soil moisture content monitoring is relatively poor. In a word, the judgment of whether the winter wheat needs to be watered in the flowering period according to the seedling condition and the soil moisture content is blind, the application range is small, and the operability is poor. In recent years, remote measurement and intelligent control irrigation systems for soil moisture content are gradually applied to farmland irrigation decision making and early warning, but the systems are complex, have high operation and maintenance difficulty, poor stability and high manufacturing cost, are generally applied to ornamental horticulture and facility agriculture with small range and high additional value, and have less application of irrigation decision making in the process of regional field crop planting. In conclusion, a simple, convenient, effective and regional irrigation method capable of regulating and controlling the flowering period of winter wheat is still lacking in the current practical production.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for regulating and controlling the irrigation in the flowering phase based on the precipitation from jointing to flowering phase of the winter wheat, the effective precipitation from jointing to flowering phase is used as a decision basis for the irrigation in the flowering phase of the winter wheat, and the decision basis for the irrigation is simple and easy to measure, strong in operability and wide in application area, and can be widely applied to the regulation and control of the irrigation in the flowering phase of the winter wheat in North China.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the method for regulating and controlling the irrigation in the flowering phase based on the precipitation from the jointing of the winter wheat to the flowering phase has the key point that the irrigation water amount in the jointing of the winter wheat is 50-60m3The irrigation water amount of the winter wheat in the flowering period is based on the precipitation amount from stem removing to the flowering period, when the precipitation amount from stem removing to the flowering period is not less than 25mm, the irrigation is not carried out in the flowering period, and when the precipitation amount from stem removing to the flowering period is less than 25mm, the irrigation water amount in the flowering period is 40-50m3Per mu.
The irrigation water amount of the winter wheat in the jointing stage is 55m3Per mu.
The irrigation water amount of the winter wheat in the flowering period is 45m from jointing to precipitation of the winter wheat in the flowering period being lower than 25mm3Per mu.
The precipitation from jointing to flowering period of the winter wheat is the sum of all single precipitation which is more than 5 mm.
The winter wheat is sowed in full soil moisture, the water content of the soil with the depth of 2m is not less than 90% of the field water holding capacity during sowing, and irrigation is not carried out before overwintering and in the filling period.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the rainfall amount of the winter wheat from jointing to flowering phase is used as a basis for guiding the irrigation in the flowering phase, the rainfall amount value in the period of time can be counted through weather forecast or field rain cylinders, the acquisition is easy, the cost is extremely low, the numerical value is wide in application range and high in operability, the irrigation water amount in the flowering phase estimated according to the numerical value can accurately supplement the water needed by the winter wheat crops, the yield of the winter wheat can be effectively improved, the irrigation water amount can be obviously reduced, the purpose of saving water is achieved, and the problem of water resource shortage in the main production area of the plain grain in North China is effectively solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the precipitation amount of winter wheat from jointing to flowering and the irrigation yield increase rate in flowering.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a method for regulating and controlling the irrigation in the flowering phase based on the precipitation from jointing to flowering phase of winter wheat, wherein the irrigation water amount in the jointing phase of the winter wheat is 50-60m3The irrigation water amount of the winter wheat in the flowering period is based on the precipitation amount from jointing to flowering period, when the precipitation amount from jointing to flowering period is not less than 25mm, the winter wheat is not irrigated in the flowering period, the yield reduction rate of the winter wheat can be controlled within 10%, and when the precipitation amount from jointing to flowering period is less than 25mm, the irrigation water amount in the flowering period is 40-50m3The yield increasing effect is obvious per mu, and in order to highlight the advantages of the method compared with the prior art, the specific operation method of the method in the actual production is specifically described below.
In the practical production, the irrigation production increase of winter wheat is realized by means of beneficial measures taken in the whole process from sowing to harvesting, mainly comprising the following steps of sufficient moisture before sowing, timely late sowing, compacting after sowing, disease, pest and weed control and the like:
ensuring sufficient soil moisture before sowing: the water content of the soil body in the depth of 2m of the winter wheat before sowing needs to reach more than 90 percent of the field water capacity, if the water content of the soil cannot reach the standard due to precipitation in summer, the soil moisture is required to be supplemented and irrigated, and the water is supplemented until the water content of the soil reaches the standard due to sufficient moisture sowing, so that irrigation is not required before overwintering;
cultivating strong seedlings before winter: adopting water-saving drought-resistant varieties, applying a proper amount of fertilizer, improving the soil preparation and sowing quality, sowing late at a proper period, and compacting after sowing to cultivate strong seedlings before winter, wherein the late sowing date can be pushed to 10 months and 5 days to 15 days;
irrigating in the jointing stage: irrigating the winter wheat in the jointing stage, wherein the irrigation quantity is 55m3The water requirement for winter wheat in jointing stage is guaranteed per mu;
and (3) counting the precipitation from jointing to flowering stage: in actual production, a rain gauge can be arranged in a relevant area as required to quantitatively measure rainfall of each rainfall from the jointing to the flowering period of the winter wheat, the single rainfall is accumulated and summed with the rainfall being larger than 5mm, namely the rainfall from the jointing to the flowering period is obtained, the rainfall is used as a basis for guiding the irrigation water amount of the flowering period, the rainfall with the single rainfall being smaller than 5mm basically does not influence the soil and the winter wheat, if the rainfall is accumulated into the rainfall, the value of the rainfall can be increased, misguidance can be generated on irrigation decisions, for example, the rainfall from the jointing to the flowering period is 10 times, each time is 4mm, and the accumulated value is 40mm, but the rainfall basically does not help the winter wheat to supplement water each time, and has a water supplementing effect different from the single 40mm rainfall;
and (3) deciding the amount of irrigation water in the flowering period: if the precipitation amount of the winter wheat during jointing and flowering is not less than 25mm, irrigation is not needed during the flowering period, the yield reduction rate of the winter wheat can be controlled within 10 percent, and the condition of obvious yield reduction is not caused; if the diameter is less than 25mm, irrigation is needed in the flowering period, and the irrigation water volume is 45m3Per mu, after irrigation in the flowering period, the water requirement of crops in the flowering period is met, and irrigation is not needed in the grouting period;
in the whole process, the fertilizer application and the control of the diseases, the pests and the weeds are carried out according to the actual conditions of local soil and climate, and the fertilizer application amount and the control of the diseases, the pests and the weeds are carried out according to the local conventional method.
As shown in figure 1, when the precipitation amount of winter wheat from jointing to flowering is not less than 25mm, the yield increase effect of irrigation in the flowering period is not obvious, the yield increase rate is only 6.13% on average, and the precipitation amount is reduced from jointing to floweringThe correlation of water quantity is not obvious, so that the comprehensive factors of increasing production and saving water are considered, and irrigation is not carried out; when the precipitation of winter wheat from jointing to flowering is lower than 25mm, the yield increasing effect of irrigation in the flowering is excellent, the irrigation yield increasing rate and the precipitation of winter wheat from jointing to flowering are in a significant negative correlation relationship, namely the yield increasing rate is larger when the precipitation is smaller, and the irrigation water amount is kept between 40 and 50m when irrigation is carried out3The basic water demand of winter wheat can be ensured within the range of per mu, and the optimal water use during irrigation is realized.
In addition, because winter wheat is sowed in full soil moisture, need not irrigate before overwintering, because the jointing is carried out to the precipitation of flowering phase and is greater than 25mm, perhaps irrigate in proper amount when being less than 25mm, as long as the water supply of flowering phase is sufficient just can ensure normal grout, and precipitation increases gradually after flowering, just need not irrigate in the grout period, save unnecessary irrigation at the key period of non-water demand like this, neither can cause adverse effect to wheat output, can the water economy resource again.
The method adopts the precipitation from jointing to flowering period which is easy to obtain as the basis for guiding the precipitation from flowering period, has the advantages of extremely low cost, strong operability, wide application range and flexible and variable implementation range, can simultaneously avoid water resource waste and improve the yield of winter wheat during the decision of the irrigation during flowering period, has more accurate irrigation water quantity under the guidance of the method, and better conforms to the water demand rule of the winter wheat, and provides more accurate guidance for improving the water-saving irrigation and the crop yield increase of the northern China and even the national main grain production area.
Claims (3)
1. The method for regulating and controlling the irrigation in the flowering phase based on the precipitation from the jointing of winter wheat to the flowering phase is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the irrigation water amount of the winter wheat in the jointing stage is 55m3The irrigation water amount of the winter wheat in the flowering period is based on the precipitation amount from stem removing to the flowering period, when the precipitation amount from stem removing to the flowering period is not less than 25mm, the winter wheat is not irrigated in the flowering period, and when the precipitation amount from stem removing to the flowering period is less than 25mm, the irrigation water amount in the flowering period is 45m3Per mu.
2. The method of claim 1 for regulating and controlling the irrigation at flowering stage based on the precipitation from jointing to flowering stage of winter wheat, wherein: the precipitation from jointing to flowering period of the winter wheat is the sum of all single precipitation which is more than 5 mm.
3. The method of claim 1 for regulating and controlling the irrigation at flowering stage based on the precipitation from jointing to flowering stage of winter wheat, wherein: the winter wheat is sowed in full soil moisture, the water content of the soil with the depth of 2m is not less than 90% of the field water holding capacity during sowing, and irrigation is not carried out before overwintering and in the filling period.
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| CN110463537A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-11-19 | 山东省烟台市农业科学研究院 | A kind of wheat green high-yield high-efficiency cultivation method |
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| CN105900672A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-08-31 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Method for improving utilization rate of irrigation water in winter wheat and summer corn double-cropping system |
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