CN105940932A - A water-saving efficient cultivation method capable of stabilizing summer harvest and increasing autumn harvest for winter wheat-summer maize double cropping - Google Patents
A water-saving efficient cultivation method capable of stabilizing summer harvest and increasing autumn harvest for winter wheat-summer maize double cropping Download PDFInfo
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- CN105940932A CN105940932A CN201610369950.0A CN201610369950A CN105940932A CN 105940932 A CN105940932 A CN 105940932A CN 201610369950 A CN201610369950 A CN 201610369950A CN 105940932 A CN105940932 A CN 105940932A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water-saving efficient cultivation method capable of stabilizing summer harvest and increasing autumn harvest for winter wheat-summer maize double cropping. Winter wheat sowing is performed on 8-10 October every year, with a mu sowing quantity being 14Kg-17Kg; winter wheat planting management is performed after sowing; irrigation is performed only once in the jointing stage of winter wheat in spring; after winter wheat is harvested, the sowing and the planting management of summer maize are performed; the summer maize is harvested before 8 October every year. An early-maturing and drought-resisting variety of winter wheat is selected and a late-maturing variety of summer maize is selected. Through late-sowing and early-harvesting of winter wheat, the sowing of summer maize is ahead of schedule and the harvest is put off; the growing period of summer maize is prolonged and the yield is increased, and the growing period of winter wheat is shortened; the reduction of irrigation water brings early maturing of winter wheat; the yield of a single plant is reduced, but with the increase of the planting density, the yield per mu of wheat can be stabilized at a higher level of more than 400kg/mu; maize maintains a level of more than 600Kg/mu; the annual total yield of winter wheat and summer maize is finally stabilized; irrigation water is saved once in the whole process and water is saved by 25%, so that the water saving effect is obvious.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural plantation technology field, be specifically related to a kind of winter wheat summer corn two ripe steady summer
Increase the water-saving efficient cultural method in autumn.
Background technology
Hebei province is China based on one of important major grain producing area of wheat and corn plantation, bears grain
Eat safe important task.But there is a serious shortage in the supply for local area water resource, grain-production relies on groundwater mining for a long time and maintains,
Cause this formation North China, region the deepest maximum groundwater over-extraction depression, caused subsoil water drainage,
Ecology, geology and the social problems such as face sedimentation, motor-pumped well are scrapped, irrigation cost increase.How to solve water
Shortage of resources and Food Security are major issues of one's respective area.The wheat and corn that local area is conventional
In planting system, wheat planting, in rainfall minimum period, relies primarily on irrigation and produces, and one
Life at least needs to water 3 water, respectively moisture creating water, jointing water and flowering water；Summer corn is grown in rainfall
The period that amount is many, general rainfall can meet growth needs water, needs to water 1 water of emerging.The most every
Needing irrigation water 200-240 side (based on mu time 50-60 side) year every mu, this is the master of groundwater mining
Want inducement.Water many for conventional wheat corn planting technology, the big problem of water consumption, have developed the winter little
The wheat summer corn two ripe steady summer increases the water-saving efficient cultural method in autumn.
Summary of the invention
Instant invention overcomes the deficiency of existing cultural method, it is provided that a kind of winter wheat summer corn two is ripe surely
The water-saving efficient cultural method of Xia Zengqiu, the method makes full use of the biological characteristics of Semen Tritici aestivi and summer corn,
Reduce irrigation water of winter wheat, make wheat yield in a slight decrease, but ensure the above yield of 400kg/ mu
Level, Semen Tritici aestivi fills precocious early harvest less, it is achieved lower stubble summer corn early sowing, extends trophophase and increases production,
Give full play to the feature that summer corn C4 crop photo-thermal productive potentialities are big, make up first crop Semen Tritici aestivi and fill less and cause
The underproduction, thus realize week annual production and be basically unchanged and save 1 irrigation water, saving water accounts for and always fills in the anniversary
The 25% of the amount of irrigating, finally realizes the grain-production under North China's water-saving condition.
The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of winter wheat summer corn two ripe steady summer increases the water-saving efficient cultural method in autumn, and key point is, should
The sowing that cultural method carried out winter wheat-16 days on the 8th annual October, the mu amount of broadcasting of winter wheat is
14Kg-17Kg, after planting carries out winter wheat Cultivate administration, only irrigates in the winter wheat jointing stage in spring
Once, carry out the sowing of summer corn after winter wheat harvesting, after planting carry out summer corn Cultivate administration,
Summer corn results were carried out before annual October 8.
The described winter wheat sowing date is annual October 12, and the mu amount of broadcasting is 16Kg.
The described winter wheat sowing date can postpone to annual October 27, often pushes away one day after,
It is 22.5Kg that the mu amount of broadcasting needs to increase 0.5Kg, the banbo amount of broadcasting.
Described winter wheat is 40-50m at jointing stage duty3。
Described winter wheat was gathered in the crops in-10 days on the 7th annual June, carried out the summer immediately after results
The sowing of Semen Maydis.
Described winter wheat selects early-maturing variety, and summer corn selects late variety.
In described cultural method, the planting area frost-free period of winter wheat summer corn is not less than 200 days, Nian
According to duration not less than 2500 hours, average annual temperature not less than 12.0 DEG C, annual precipitation be
450mm-550mm。
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the cultural method in the present invention is postponing the winter wheat plantation date
Increase the planting density of winter wheat simultaneously, and only once irrigate in the winter wheat jointing stage in spring,
Winter wheat is the most ripe owing to the duty of whole trophophase is not enough, although the yield of individual plant Semen Tritici aestivi
Can decline, but by the increase of planting density, the total output kept stable of winter wheat, in this phase
Between, irrigation water is saved, and due to late sowing and the precocity of winter wheat, the sowing date of summer corn carries
Before, the harvest date postpone, the light application time of summer corn increases, and the overall productivity of summer corn increases, two
In ripe crop rotation cropping pattern, winter wheat constant rate of production is more than 400Kg/ mu, and yield of Summer Corn is carried
Height, finally stabilizes the anniversary total output of two ripe crops, the most also can increase, during the anniversary
Can save 1 irrigation water, water saving amplitude reaches the 25% of existing irrigation volume.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention relates to the water-saving efficient cultural method in increasing autumn in a kind of winter wheat summer corn two ripe steady summer, should
The sowing that method carried out winter wheat-16 days on the 8th annual October, the mu amount of broadcasting of winter wheat is
14Kg-17Kg, after planting carries out winter wheat Cultivate administration, only irrigates in the winter wheat jointing stage in spring
Once, carry out the sowing of summer corn after winter wheat harvesting, after planting carry out summer corn Cultivate administration,
Summer corn results were carried out before annual October 8.
Specific embodiment, selects the planting area of winter wheat summer corn, and this planting area should frost-free period
Not less than 200 day, year durations at sunshine not less than 2500 hours, average annual temperature is not less than 12.0 DEG C, years
Precipitation is 450mm-550mm, and winter wheat was sowed October 12 then, little for ensureing the winter
Wheat fertilizer spraying, gathers in the crops first 10 days detection summer corn planting soil soil moistures content at summer corn, if 0～60cm
Soil in relative water content less than 75%, within first about 10 days, should carry out irrigating moisturizing at harvest corn,
Every mu of irrigation quantity 45m3, while the water requirement of summer corn is met, also carried out making of winter wheat
Moisture in the soil, when 0-20cm degree of depth relative water content is reduced to 75%-80% in soil, carries out summer corn
Mechanical harvest, then carries out the sowing of winter wheat, every mu of bottom application N 7kg～8kg before winter wheat sowing,
P2O59kg～10kg, K2O 4kg～5kg, can join organic fertilizer 2m for every mu3～3m3, then rotary tillage 2
Time, about rotary tillage degree of depth 15cm, after rotary tillage wholely, every 2～3 years subsoilings once, degree of depth 25cm
Above, sow after terminating wholely, use the line-spacing sowings such as 15cm, depth of planting 3cm～5cm, mu
The amount of broadcasting is 16Kg, after planting 1～2 day until table soil is the most dry turn white time can suppress, want speed equal during suppression
Even, pressure is steady, it is to avoid face, field is uneven, after planting also need to carry out to topdress, irrigate, weeding,
The Cultivate administrations such as preventing disease and pest, irrigation operation is only carried out once in the jointing stage in spring, and irrigation time is 4
The moon 5 days～April 15, occurring can optionally shift to an earlier date during the arid of Winter-Spring, every mu of duty is 45m3,
Every mu of Shi Chun N 7kg～8kg that topdresses.Period of seedling establishment to the jointing stage, with prevent and treat wheat weeds, banded sclerotial blight,
Root rot, spider are main, double control powdery mildew, rust, boot stage to heading flowering period, with preventing and treating
Midge worm, wheat aphid are main, double powdery mildew, rust and the head blight etc. controlled, pustulation period keypoint control fringe aphid,
Powdery mildew and rust, owing to whole trophophase duty is less, winter wheat is in the state of arid,
Arid causes winter wheat precocious, and what winter wheat was selected is precocious drought-resistant variety, and winter wheat is the 6 of Second Year
The moon is gathered in the crops for-10 days on the 7th, height for the stubble left ＜ 15cm, straw chopping during harvesting, sheds uniformly,
Winter wheat is in the state of arid, and the winter wheat yields of individual plant can decline, but the increase of planting density makes
Obtaining the stable high yield level at more than 400Kg of per mu yield of winter wheat, the yield of winter wheat is the most steady
Fixed, compared to existing planting patterns, irrigation frequency reduces, and the consumption of irrigation water is greatly reduced, and saves
Shi Shengli water-saving；
Carry out the sowing of summer corn after winter wheat harvesting, use single grain fine sowing, percentage of seedgermination >=98%,
Using the line-spacing sowings such as 60cm, depth of planting 3cm-6cm, thickness of sowing is more than every mu of 4500 strains；
Seeder for seeding against stubble operating speed≤66.7m/min, uses seed and fertilizer to use slow-release fertilizer with the method broadcast
Or corn fertilizer, every mu of bottom application consumption is N 14kg～16kg, P2O54kg～6kg, K2O 4kg
～6kg, plant and fertile spacing 10cm, prevent burn seedlings；The sowing date of summer corn in advance, is carried out before sowing
Wholely, carry out the most equally topdressing, irrigate, weeding and the Cultivate administration of preventing disease and pest, after planting
During relative water content≤70% of 0～40cm deep soil, water water of emerging immediately, as used slight irrigation, often
Mu irrigation quantity 28m3, as used border irrigation, every mu of irrigation quantity 40-45m3；After summer corn is emerged, use
Herbicide uniformly sprays ground in the ranks and carries out weeding；Attention control cutworm after emerging, 2 committee noctuids,
The insect pest such as thrips, mythimna separata, simultaneously anti-eliminates aphis, small brown rice planthopper and the virosis of propagation thereof, and the fringe phase notes
Prevent and treat leaf spot, stem rot and Pyrausta nubilalis (Hubern).；The summer corn general time only waters water of once emerging, but
In conjunction with meteorological condition, prevent the typhon mouth phase from severe drought occurring, during arid, need timely supplement irrigation,
Every mu of irrigation quantity 40m3；Summer corn select be late variety, evening optimum period receive, on October about 5 receipts
Obtain, it is ensured that Grain Filling >=50 day, owing to the early sowing of summer corn is received evening, the trophophase quilt of summer corn
Extending, suffered light application time is greatly increased, and the yield of summer corn can be improved, summer corn per morning
Broadcasting one day, every mu is increased production about 30Kg, receives evening and per mu yield within one day, also can be made to be improved, the per mu yield of summer corn
Can bring up to more than 600Kg, winter wheat and total per mu yield of summer corn in two ripe crop rotations will improve extremely
More than 1000Kg, it is achieved that the yield that the water-saving culture annual winter wheat total per mu yield of summer corn surpasses one ton.
The winter wheat yields that the present invention allows arid precocious by the way of increasing planting density is stable higher
Yield level, owing to late sowing and the morning of winter wheat receive, the trophophase of summer corn is extended, during sunshine
Between increase, the yield of summer corn increases, and the total output of the final ripe crop rotation of winter wheat summer corn two keeps steady
Determining or increase, the irrigation frequency during winter wheat plantation reduces once, is not only effectively saved filling
Irrigate water, further promote the precocity of winter wheat, provide condition for Semen Maydis early sowing.
Claims (7)
1. the water-saving efficient cultural method in an increasing autumn in winter wheat summer corn two ripe steady summer, it is characterised in that:
The sowing that this cultural method carried out winter wheat-16 days on the 8th annual October, the mu amount of broadcasting of winter wheat is
14Kg-17Kg, after planting carries out winter wheat Cultivate administration, only irrigates in the winter wheat jointing stage in spring
Once, carry out the sowing of summer corn after winter wheat harvesting, after planting carry out summer corn Cultivate administration,
Summer corn results were carried out before annual October 8.
A kind of winter wheat summer corn two ripe steady summer the most according to claim 1 increases the water-saving efficient in autumn
Cultural method, it is characterised in that: the described winter wheat sowing date is annual October 12, mu
The amount of broadcasting is 16Kg.
A kind of winter wheat summer corn two ripe steady summer the most according to claim 1 increases the water-saving efficient in autumn
Cultural method, it is characterised in that: the described winter wheat sowing date can postpone to annual October 27
Day, often pushing away one day after, it is 22.5Kg that the mu amount of broadcasting needs to increase 0.5Kg, the banbo amount of broadcasting.
A kind of winter wheat summer corn two ripe steady summer the most according to claim 1 increases the water-saving efficient in autumn
Cultural method, it is characterised in that: described winter wheat is 40-50m at jointing stage duty3。
A kind of winter wheat summer corn two ripe steady summer the most according to claim 1 increases the water-saving efficient in autumn
Cultural method, it is characterised in that: described winter wheat was gathered in the crops in-10 days on the 7th annual June,
The sowing of summer corn is carried out immediately after results.
A kind of winter wheat summer corn two ripe steady summer the most according to claim 1 increases the water-saving efficient in autumn
Cultural method, it is characterised in that: described winter wheat selects early-maturing variety, and summer corn is selected late-maturing
Kind.
A kind of winter wheat summer corn two ripe steady summer the most according to claim 1 increases the water-saving efficient in autumn
Cultural method, it is characterised in that: the planting area frost-free period of winter wheat summer corn in described cultural method
Not less than 200 day, year durations at sunshine not less than 2500 hours, average annual temperature is not less than 12.0 DEG C, years
Precipitation is 450mm-550mm.
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Cited By (9)
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| CN106613751A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-05-10 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Method for adjusting and controlling florescence irrigation amount based on precipitation amount from winter wheat jointing to flowering stage |
| CN107821155A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-23 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | A kind of double early double breeding time in the evening coupling directional breeding methods of winter wheat summer corn |
| CN108763634A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-11-06 | 河南省气象科学研究所 | The construction method of summer corn machinery grain time receiving machine monitoring model and application |
| CN109006271A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-18 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of method that spring maize suitable rain evening broadcasts high-yield cultivating |
| CN109804747A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-28 | 河北农业大学 | Fertilizing method for slow release fertilizer of wheat |
| CN110009264A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-12 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | A method of straw paring is determined according to wheat spike number and yield level |
| CN110073922A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-02 | 宁夏科丰种业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods that crops yield two crops a year |
| CN110574647A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2019-12-17 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat |
| CN113906966A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-01-11 | 中国农业大学 | Simplified water-saving cultivation method based on North China winter wheat-summer corn rotation system |
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Cited By (11)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106613751A (en) * | 2016-10-14 | 2017-05-10 | 河北省农林科学院粮油作物研究所 | Method for adjusting and controlling florescence irrigation amount based on precipitation amount from winter wheat jointing to flowering stage |
| CN107821155A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-03-23 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | A kind of double early double breeding time in the evening coupling directional breeding methods of winter wheat summer corn |
| CN108763634A (en) * | 2018-04-18 | 2018-11-06 | 河南省气象科学研究所 | The construction method of summer corn machinery grain time receiving machine monitoring model and application |
| CN109006271A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-18 | 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 | A kind of method that spring maize suitable rain evening broadcasts high-yield cultivating |
| CN109804747A (en) * | 2019-03-28 | 2019-05-28 | 河北农业大学 | Fertilizing method for slow release fertilizer of wheat |
| CN110009264A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-12 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | A method of straw paring is determined according to wheat spike number and yield level |
| CN110009264B (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2023-04-04 | 河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所 | Method for determining straw stubble cleaning according to wheat ear number and yield level |
| CN110073922A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-02 | 宁夏科丰种业有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods that crops yield two crops a year |
| CN110574647A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2019-12-17 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Cultivation method for improving stress resistance of wheat |
| CN113906966A (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2022-01-11 | 中国农业大学 | Simplified water-saving cultivation method based on North China winter wheat-summer corn rotation system |
| CN113906966B (en) * | 2021-02-09 | 2023-08-15 | 中国农业大学 | Light-simplified water-saving cultivation method based on North China winter wheat-summer corn rotation system |
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