CN107884442A - A kind of soil salinity and alkalinity detector - Google Patents
A kind of soil salinity and alkalinity detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN107884442A CN107884442A CN201710947857.8A CN201710947857A CN107884442A CN 107884442 A CN107884442 A CN 107884442A CN 201710947857 A CN201710947857 A CN 201710947857A CN 107884442 A CN107884442 A CN 107884442A
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- Prior art keywords
- soil
- saline
- alkaline
- salinity
- alkalinity
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of soil salinity and alkalinity detector, including detector housing, metallic transmission wire, matrix soil sampler and liquid effuser, soil screen pack groove is installed above the detector housing, carbon-point detecting electrode is installed above the soil screen pack groove, conveying tube valve is installed above the saline and alkaline inductor, liquid delivery tube is installed above the conveying tube valve, the matrix soil sampler is connected with above the liquid delivery tube, current transducer is installed below the matrix soil sampler, microcontroller is installed below the current transducer, saline and alkaline detection case is communicated with below the microcontroller, the liquid effuser is installed below the saline and alkaline detection case, built-in scuff-resistant coating is installed inside the matrix soil sampler.Beneficial effect is:Soil acidity or alkalinity is detected using electrode detection method, detection speed is fast, and testing result is accurate, and effectively long-term cropping can be instructed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to saline and alkaline detection device technical field, more particularly to a kind of soil salinity and alkalinity detector.
Background technology
As global climate warms up increasingly sharpening for problem, soil salinization problem has become the global of various countries' care
Problem, the whole world there are about 7% soil by saliferous threat, and this numeral is also rising.China is soil salinization ratio
More serious country, salinization soil area is big, and distribution is wide, and serious threat is constituted to regional agricultural development.
Soil ph refers to show different acidity or alkali there is various chemistry and biochemical reaction in soil
Property.The power of soil ph, often weighed with acid-base value.Why soil has acid-base property, is because existing in soil few
The hydrogen ion and hydroxyl ion of amount.When hydrionic concentration is more than the concentration of hydroxyl ion, soil is in acidity;Otherwise it is in alkali
Property;It is then neutrality when both are equal.China's soil pH is mostly in the range of 4.5~8.5, and pH value is incremented by from south to north, the Changjiang river (north
33 ° of latitude) on the south soil be mostly acid and highly acid, as the widely distributed red soil in south China, southwest, yellow earth, pH value are most
Between 4.5~5.5;The red soil of Central China East China, pH value is between 5.5~6.5;The soil of North of Yangtze River be mostly it is neutral or
Alkalescence, as the soil of North China, northwest contains CaCO mostly3, pH value is typically between 7.5 ~ 8.5, the pH value of a small number of strong basicity soil
Up to 10.5.Most plants are in pH>9.0 or<All it is difficult to grow in the case of 2.5.Plant can be normal in a wide range
Growth, but various plants have oneself suitable pH.In normal range (NR), the reason for plant is to soil ph sensitivity, it is due to
Soil pH value influences the concentration of various ions in the soil liquid, influences validity of the various elements to plant.
The factor that the salinization of soil is formed is a lot, including natural cause and human factor.Natural cause include weather,
Matter, landforms, the hydrology and hydrogeology etc..Climatic factor is to form the basic factor of the salinization of soil, if without strong steaming
Breaking-out is used, and upper soll layer would not strong salification.The geomorphic factors particularly water logged zones such as basin, depression is advantageous to water, salt
Collect.Geologic(al) factor is mainly reflected in parent soil material.Human factor shows as the various of mankind's nature remodeling and reform of nature
Activity.The main reason for salinized soil formation is due to drought, and drainage of soil is not smooth, and level of ground water is high, and salinity is big to wait weight
Want condition to be restricted, and the natural conditions combined influence such as landform, matrix, vegetation with reference to caused by.
Because monsoon climate influences, China clearly results in the seasonal variety of varieties in saline-alkali areas soil salt situation, summer the four seasons
Ji Jiangyu is concentrated, and soil produces seasonal desalination, and spring and autumn arid season, evaporation are more than precipitation, cause again based on salt accumulation in soil.
Drought, impeded drainage and level of ground water are too high, the quantity of salt accumulation upper soll layer is more than the quantity eluted downwards, knot
Tab phenolphthaleinum causes the formation of salinized soil, and this is the major reason for causing salt accumulation in soil.
Salinity in salinized soil, it is moving and mainly being brought by ground water movement by moisture, therefore in arid
The size of area, the depth of level of ground water and the salinity of underground water, directly affect the degree of salinity of soil.Level of ground water
Bury more shallow, underground water more easily by soil hollow billet rises to earth's surface, evaporates that lost water is more, leaves the salinity of table soil for
More, especially when the degree of mineralization of ground water is big, salt accumulation in soil is even more serious.
In arid season, the most shallow depth of groundwater table for causing topsoil salification is not, referred to as underground water is critical
Depth.General 3m of critical depth or so, but a not constant, it is different because actual conditions is different, its influence factor is main
There are weather, soil, the degree of mineralization of ground water and artificial measure, in general, weather is more arid, the ratio of evaporation capacity and precipitation,
The degree of mineralization of ground water is higher, and critical depth is bigger.
Influence of the soil to critical depth, depend primarily on hollow billet performance, the lifting height and speed of capillary of soil.
All capillary ascents are big, the fast soil of the rate of climb, are typically all easy to salinization.Soil texture situation also contributes to water salt fortune
Spread out, when the crumb structure of soil, particularly topsoil have good crumb structure, can effectively hinder water salt to rise to ground
Table, critical depth can be smaller.
Groundwater level depth and earth's surface salification are in close relations.When groundwater level depth is more than critical depth, level of ground water is low,
Underground water rises less than earth's surface along hollow billet, and not salification, soil is without salinization of soil.Level of ground water is high, and underground water rises to table along hollow billet
Soil layer, top layer start salification.Level of ground water is very high (being less than critical depth), and underground water largely rises to earth's surface, top layer along hollow billet
Strong salification.
Hypsography influences ground and interflow subsurface drainage, and the salinity in soil also occurs point to move therewith, for example, the North China Plain,
The piedmont plain gradient is steeper, and natural drainage is unobstructed, and salinization of soil does not occur for soil.The slow hilllock in alluvial plain, landform is higher, does not have typically
There is salinization of soil threat;The slightly-inclined level land in alluvial plain, impeded drainage, salinization of soil easily occurs for soil, but general level is lighter;And
Depression and its hillside fields or low dip level land at edge, then be distributed more salinized soil.In littoral plain, drainage condition is worse, and by
Tide influences, and it is heavier that salinity largely builds up degree.In a word, salinity collects from high to low with ground, interflow subsurface drainage, salification shape
Condition also descends gradual exacerbation, and in terms of ninor feature, at the raised place of part in low level land area, fast due to evaporating, salinity can
Eminence is moved on to by lower, salification is heavier.Landform has an effect on point shifting of salinity, due to the different solubility of various salinities, solubility
Big salinity can by runoff carry farther out, and solubility it is small then carrying it is nearer, so, by piedmont plain, alluvial plain to shore
Sea plain, the salinity of soil and groundwater are usually gradually to transit to chloride by heavy carbonate, sulfate.
The influence that matrix is formed to salinized soil, first, matrix saliferous itself, the matrix of saliferous has plenty of in some geology
The salinity that period of history is built up, ancient solonchak, saliferous strata, rock salt or salt deposit are formed, the salinity under conditions of extreme drought
It is able to left behind and remains solonchak as current;Second, saliferous matrix is the recent sediments in strand or salt lake, due to its exposure
As land, and make soil saliferous.
The Salt-endurance of some salt-soda soil plants is very strong, can be in the very high native aerial of soil liquid osmotic pressure, these plants
Thing root system is profound, substantial amounts of water soluble salt can be drawn from deep soil or underground water, the salinity gathered in plant is up to plant
The 20 ~ 30% of dry weight, even as high as 40-50%, just salinity is stayed in soil layer after Plant death, cause the soil salinization to strengthen;
In addition, the red building also grown on the salinized soil of Xinjiang and the plant of diversiform-leaved poplar wood class can be internal withered strain is entered Salt excretion
Out, the salinity in soil is added.
Because the saline and alkaline of soil has a great influence to plant growth, therefore the salt to soil is needed before long-term cropping
Basicity is detected, and China is detected using PH test paper to the saline and alkaline of soil more at present, the detection knot of this detection method
Fruit accuracy is relatively low.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that to solve the above problems and provides a kind of soil salinity and alkalinity detector.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
A kind of soil salinity and alkalinity detector, including detector housing, metallic transmission wire, matrix soil sampler and liquid effuser,
Soil screen pack groove is installed above the detector housing, carbon-point detecting electrode is installed above the soil screen pack groove,
The metallic transmission wire is installed above the carbon-point detecting electrode, saline and alkaline sense is provided with above the metallic transmission wire
Device is answered, conveying tube valve is installed above the saline and alkaline inductor, liquid delivery tube is installed above the conveying tube valve,
The matrix soil sampler is connected with above the liquid delivery tube, current transducer is installed below the matrix soil sampler, institute
State and microcontroller is installed below current transducer, saline and alkaline detection case, the salt are communicated with below the microcontroller
The liquid effuser is installed below basicity detection case, built-in scuff-resistant coating is installed inside the matrix soil sampler..
In order to further improve the use function of soil salinity and alkalinity detector, the detector housing filters with the soil
Net groove is connected, and the carbon-point detecting electrode is connected with the metallic transmission wire.
In order to further improve the use function of soil salinity and alkalinity detector, the saline and alkaline inductor and the liquid are defeated
Pipe is sent to connect, the liquid delivery tube is connected with the matrix soil sampler.
In order to further improve the use function of soil salinity and alkalinity detector, the current transducer and the miniature control
Device is connected, and the saline and alkaline detection case is connected with the liquid delivery tube.
In order to further improve the use function of soil salinity and alkalinity detector, the built-in scuff-resistant coating fetches earth with the matrix
Device connects.
In order to further improve the use function of soil salinity and alkalinity detector, it is described put scuff-resistant coating as steel alloy compacting and
Into surface carries out plastic-spraying processing.
In order to further improve the use function of soil salinity and alkalinity detector, the saline and alkaline inductor, the electric current become
Device, the microcontroller is sent to be arranged inside the saline and alkaline detection case.
In order to further improve the use function of soil salinity and alkalinity detector, the liquid effuser and the detector shell
Body connects.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention provides a kind of soil salinity and alkalinity detector, and soil acidity or alkalinity is detected using electrode detection method, detection speed
Degree is fast, and testing result is accurate, and effectively long-term cropping can be instructed.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of front view of soil salinity and alkalinity detector of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of left view of soil salinity and alkalinity detector of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of top view of soil salinity and alkalinity detector of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals is as follows:
1st, detector housing;2nd, soil screen pack groove;3rd, carbon-point detecting electrode;4th, metallic transmission wire;5th, saline and alkaline inductor;
6th, tube valve is conveyed;7th, liquid delivery tube;8th, matrix soil sampler;9th, current transducer;10th, microcontroller;11st, saline and alkaline is examined
Measuring tank;12nd, liquid effuser;13rd, built-in scuff-resistant coating.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
As shown in Figure 1-Figure 3, a kind of soil salinity and alkalinity detector, including detector housing 1, metallic transmission wire 4, matrix fetch earth
Device 8 and liquid effuser 12, the top of detector housing 1 are provided with soil screen pack groove 2, and the top of soil screen pack groove 2 is provided with
Carbon-point detecting electrode 3, the top of carbon-point detecting electrode 3 are provided with metallic transmission wire 4, and the top of metallic transmission wire 4 is provided with salt
Basicity inductor 5, the top of saline and alkaline inductor 5 are provided with conveying tube valve 6, and the top of conveying tube valve 6 is provided with liquid conveying
Pipe 7, the top of liquid delivery tube 7 are connected with matrix soil sampler 8, and the lower section of matrix soil sampler 8 is provided with current transducer 9, and electric current becomes
Send the lower section of device 9 that microcontroller 10 is installed, the lower section of microcontroller 10 is communicated with saline and alkaline detection case 11, saline and alkaline detection case
11 lower sections are provided with liquid effuser 12, and built-in scuff-resistant coating 13 is provided with inside matrix soil sampler 8.
Detector housing 1 is protected to detector internal component, promotes matrix soil sampler 8 to be fetched earth, fetches earth
Afterwards, water is added in matrix soil sampler 8 dissolves soil, and enters liquid delivery tube 7, and control conveying tube valve 6 is defeated to liquid
Pipe 7 is sent to be controlled, the liquid after dissolving is after the transport of liquid delivery tube 7 by soil screen pack groove 2, soil screen pack groove 2
Impurity in solution is filtered, opens detector, carbon-point detecting electrode 3 detects to solution, and metallic transmission wire 4 is to inspection
The signal of survey is conveyed, and saline and alkaline inductor 5 senses to acid-base value in solution, and current transducer 9 is to detection electric current
Situation of change is recorded, and microcontroller 10 is controlled to the change to signal in detector, saline and alkaline detection case 11
To be detected to saline and alkaline in solution, solution is flowed out from liquid effuser 12 after detection, and built-in scuff-resistant coating 13 is used
To prevent soil from being rubbed to detector inside.
In order to further improve the use function of soil salinity and alkalinity detector, detector housing 1 connects with soil screen pack groove 2
Connect, carbon-point detecting electrode 3 is connected with metallic transmission wire 4, and saline and alkaline inductor 5 is connected with liquid delivery tube 7, liquid delivery tube
7 are connected with matrix soil sampler 8, and current transducer 9 is connected with microcontroller 10, saline and alkaline detection case 11 and liquid delivery tube 7
Connection, built-in scuff-resistant coating 13 are connected with matrix soil sampler 8, and built-in scuff-resistant coating 13 is that steel alloy compacting forms, and surface carries out plastic-spraying
Processing, saline and alkaline inductor 5, current transducer 9, microcontroller 10 are arranged inside saline and alkaline detection case 11, liquid flow
Outlet pipe 12 is connected with detector housing 1.
The basic principles, principal features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above.The technical staff of the industry should
Understand, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, the original for simply illustrating the present invention described in above-described embodiment and specification
Reason, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes and improvements
It all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention is by appended claims and its Xiao Wu circle
It is fixed.
Claims (8)
- A kind of 1. soil salinity and alkalinity detector, it is characterised in that:Including detector housing(1), metallic transmission wire(4), matrix Soil sampler(8)With liquid effuser(12), the detector housing(1)Top is provided with soil screen pack groove(2), the soil Screen pack groove(2)Top is provided with carbon-point detecting electrode(3), the carbon-point detecting electrode(3)Top is provided with the metal and passed Transporting line(4), the metallic transmission wire(4)Top is provided with saline and alkaline inductor(5), the saline and alkaline inductor(5)On Side is provided with conveying tube valve(6), the conveying tube valve(6)Top is provided with liquid delivery tube(7), the liquid delivery tube (7)Top is connected with the matrix soil sampler(8), the matrix soil sampler(8)Lower section is provided with current transducer(9), it is described Current transducer(9)Lower section is provided with microcontroller(10), the microcontroller(10)Lower section is communicated with saline and alkaline detection Case(11), the saline and alkaline detection case(11)Lower section is provided with the liquid effuser(12), the matrix soil sampler(8)It is internal Built-in scuff-resistant coating is installed(13).
- A kind of 2. soil salinity and alkalinity detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The detector housing(1)With The soil screen pack groove(2)Connection, the carbon-point detecting electrode(3)With the metallic transmission wire(4)Connection.
- A kind of 3. soil salinity and alkalinity detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The saline and alkaline inductor(5) With the liquid delivery tube(7)Connection, the liquid delivery tube(7)With the matrix soil sampler(8)Connection.
- A kind of 4. soil salinity and alkalinity detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The current transducer(9)With The microcontroller(10)Connection, the saline and alkaline detection case(11)With the liquid delivery tube(7)Connection.
- A kind of 5. soil salinity and alkalinity detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The built-in scuff-resistant coating(13)With The matrix soil sampler(8)Connection.
- A kind of 6. soil salinity and alkalinity detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The built-in scuff-resistant coating(13)For Steel alloy compacting forms, and surface carries out plastic-spraying processing.
- A kind of 7. soil salinity and alkalinity detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The saline and alkaline inductor(5)、 The current transducer(9), the microcontroller(10)It is arranged at the saline and alkaline detection case(11)It is internal.
- A kind of 8. soil salinity and alkalinity detector according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The liquid effuser(12)With The detector housing(1)Connection.
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Cited By (1)
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Application publication date: 20180406 |