CN114982560B - Method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower seeds - Google Patents
Method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN114982560B CN114982560B CN202210686827.7A CN202210686827A CN114982560B CN 114982560 B CN114982560 B CN 114982560B CN 202210686827 A CN202210686827 A CN 202210686827A CN 114982560 B CN114982560 B CN 114982560B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 210000003038 endothelium Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 241000208818 Helianthus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 210000003934 vacuole Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 description 8
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000010451 perlite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019362 perlite Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000052769 pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
Abstract
A method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower seeds, comprising the following steps: seed collection: 10-15 days after pollination of the sunflower, collecting fresh seeds directly from the sunflower disc after vacuoles in the seeds disappear; seed treatment: removing the seed shell of fresh seeds, and simultaneously removing the seed coat and the seed endothelium of the germ part to ensure that the germ is completely exposed and the seed coat and the seed endothelium of the cotyledon part are reserved; preparing a seedbed: preparing a seedbed by using sterile nutrient soil, filling the seedling hole trays with the sterile nutrient soil, and then placing the seedling hole trays on the seedbed; sowing: sowing the treated young seeds on a seedbed, wherein each seed hole is 2 seeds, the sowing depth is 1-2 cm, and the seedbed is covered with a film for moisture preservation; and (3) management: the room temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the seedling raising chamber, the film is uncovered after the seedling is emerged, and a proper amount of water is sprayed every day to ensure the humidity of the seedling bed; transplanting: and (5) transplanting the seedlings to a field when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart. The invention directly utilizes sterile nutrient soil for cultivation, the cultivation process is simple, and the germination emergence rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sunflower seedling raising method, in particular to a method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower seeds.
Background
The sunflower breeding can be carried out for three generations in one year at present, two generations are completed in the northern annual double-maturing climate zone, and one generation is completed in Hainan. The generation requires approximately 3-4 months from sowing to maturation. In order to further accelerate the breeding progress and speed up the propagation, the propagation time per generation must be shortened. The time required for sunflower to mature from pollination is 1-1.5 months, plus the dormancy time of the seeds, and more time is required for new seeds to develop. In fact, seeds already have all genes forming the next generation from the completion of fertilization, and the breeding progress can be greatly accelerated by using young seeds for breeding, but young seeds cannot be germinated by direct sowing. In the prior art, young embryo culture technology is utilized to culture sunflower, young embryo is taken out firstly, plantlet is obtained by culture of culture medium (tissue culture technology), and then seedling training and transplanting are carried out. The cultivation process is complex, and the culture medium environment is severely required.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower seeds, which is characterized in that the embryo is completely exposed by removing the endothelium at the embryo part of the seeds, the embryo is directly cultivated by utilizing sterile nutrient soil, the cultivation process is simple, and the germination rate is high.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a method of growing seedlings using sunflower seeds, the method comprising the steps of:
a. seed collection: 10-15 days after pollination of the sunflower, collecting fresh seeds directly from the sunflower disc after vacuoles in the seeds disappear;
b. seed treatment: removing the seed shell of fresh seeds, and simultaneously removing the seed coat and the seed endothelium of the germ part to ensure that the germ is completely exposed and the seed coat and the seed endothelium of the cotyledon part are reserved;
c. preparing a seedbed: preparing a seedbed by using sterile nutrient soil, filling the seedling hole trays with the sterile nutrient soil, and then placing the seedling hole trays on the seedbed;
d. sowing: b, in the seedling raising hole tray holes on the seedling bed where the young seeds treated in the step b are sown, 2 seeds are planted in each seed hole, the sowing depth is 1-2 cm, and the seedling bed is covered with a film for moisturizing;
e. and (3) management: the room temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the seedling raising chamber, the film is uncovered after the seedling comes out, water is sprayed every day, and the humidity of the seedling bed is ensured;
f. transplanting: and (5) transplanting the seedlings to a field when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart.
In the method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower seeds, in the step d, 1-2 cm deep pits are pressed on sterile nutrient soil during sowing, the treated seeds are placed in the pits, and the nutrient soil is covered to avoid pressing.
In the above method for raising seedlings by sunflower seeds, in the step c, the aseptic nutrient soil is commercially qualified aseptic nutrient soil or self-made nutrient soil, and the volume weight is less than 0.7g/cm 3 The organic matter is more than or equal to 20 percent, and the pH value is 5.5-7.0; before the self-made nutrient soil is used, the nutrient soil is sterilized at a high temperature of 120 ℃ for 15 minutes, so that the sterile property of the seedling nutrient soil is ensured.
In the step c, 1m before the aseptic nutrient soil is filled in the tray 3 150-200kg of water is added into the sterile nutrient soil to ensure that the soil is kept 20% of water, and the sterile nutrient soil is filled into seedling trays after being uniformly mixed.
In the method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower seeds, in the step e, the water spraying standard per day is that watering is complete, and the soil water holding capacity is 20%.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention abandons the conventional tissue culture technology and carries out special treatment on tender seeds: the seed coats and the seed endothelium of the germ parts of the tender seeds are stripped, so that the germs are completely exposed, the seed coats and the seed endothelium of the cotyledon parts are reserved, the treated seeds are directly placed in a sowing pit, the nutrient soil is covered without pressing, damage to the germs is avoided, the cotyledon parts are reserved, the seed coats and the seed endothelium of the cotyledon parts are reserved, the resistance of the tender seeds to mixed bacteria in a matrix is improved, the whole seedling raising process is simpler, the seedling raising process is a seedling strengthening process, the time of single tissue culture and seedling exercise is saved, the 3-4 months of each generation of sunflower additive breeding is shortened to 2-2.5 months, and the breeding progress is greatly accelerated. In addition, the environment requirements of the seedling raising process are relatively loose, and the commercially qualified sterile nutrient soil or self-made nutrient soil only needs to be sterilized at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 15 minutes, so that the relative sterile environment of the nutrient soil is ensured; the temperature of the seedling raising is controlled at 25-30 ℃, the temperature cannot be too high or too low, the seedlings are scalded due to too high temperature, the seedlings emerge slowly due to too low temperature, and the risk of pathogen infection is easily increased. The emergence rate in the seedling raising process is up to more than 95%.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to examples.
Example 1
When sunflower is used for generation in the Shijia area, fresh seeds are collected 10 days after pollination in spring. The fresh seeds are removed from the seed shells, and the seed coats and the seed endothelium of the germ parts are removed, so that the germs are completely exposed, and the seed coats and the seed endothelium of the cotyledon parts are reserved. Preparing a seedbed by using sterile nutrient soil: selecting qualified sterile nutritional soil containing perlite, turfy soil, vermiculite and desalted coconut husk, and having volume weight of less than 0.7g/cm 3 The organic matter is more than or equal to 20 percent, the pH is 5.5-7.0,1m 3 Adding 150-200kg of nutrient soil into water, ensuring that water is kept about 20%, uniformly mixing, and filling into a 50-hole seedling tray; sowing the treated young seeds on a seedbed, firstly pressing a sowing pit with the depth of 1 cm on nutrient soil on a cave dish during sowing, then directly placing the treated seeds in the sowing pit, avoiding pressing, lightly covering the nutrient soil on each cave by 2 grains, and covering the seedbed with a film for moisturizing; and controlling the temperature in the seedling raising chamber to be 25 ℃, starting to emerge about 3 days, uncovering the film after emerging, and watering thoroughly every day to ensure the humidity of the seedling bed. And (5) transplanting the seedlings to a field when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart. Thus, the generation time can be 1-1.5 months. The emergence rate is 95%.
Example 2
When sunflower is used for generation in the Shijia area, fresh seeds are collected 10 days after pollination in spring. Removing seed coat from fresh seeds, and removing seed coat and seed endothelium from embryo part to expose embryo completelyAt the same time, the seed coat and the seed endothelium of the cotyledon part are reserved. Preparing a seedbed by using sterile nutrient soil: selecting qualified sterile nutritional soil containing perlite, turfy soil, vermiculite and desalted coconut husk, and having volume weight of less than 0.7g/cm 3 The organic matter is more than or equal to 20 percent, the pH is 5.5-7.0,1m 3 Adding 150-200kg of nutrient soil into water, ensuring that water is kept about 20%, uniformly mixing, and filling into a 50-hole seedling tray; sowing the treated young seeds on a seedbed, firstly pressing a sowing pit with the depth of 1.5 cm on nutrient soil on a cave dish during sowing, then directly placing the treated seeds in the sowing pit, avoiding pressing, lightly covering the nutrient soil on each cave by 2 grains, and covering the seedbed with a film for moisturizing; and controlling the temperature in the seedling raising chamber to be 27 ℃, starting to emerge about 3 days, uncovering the film after emerging, and watering thoroughly every day to ensure the humidity of the seedling bed. And (5) transplanting the seedlings to a field when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart. Thus, the generation time can be 1-1.5 months. The emergence rate is 96%.
Example 3
When sunflower is used for generation in the Shijia area, fresh seeds are collected 10 days after pollination in spring. The fresh seeds are removed from the seed shells, and the seed coats and the seed endothelium of the germ parts are removed, so that the germs are completely exposed, and the seed coats and the seed endothelium of the cotyledon parts are reserved. Preparing a seedbed by using sterile nutrient soil: preparing sterile nutrient soil and perlite by oneself: turfy soil: vermiculite = 1:4:1 (mass ratio), the volume weight is less than 0.7g/cm 3 The organic matter is more than or equal to 20%, the pH is 5.5-7.0, the nutrient soil is sterilized at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 15 minutes, the aseptic property of the seedling nutrient soil is ensured, and the pH is 1m 3 Adding 150-200kg of nutrient soil into water, ensuring that water is kept about 20%, uniformly mixing, and filling into a 50-hole seedling tray; sowing the treated young seeds on a seedbed, firstly pressing a sowing pit with the depth of 2 centimeters on nutrient soil on a cave dish during sowing, then directly placing the treated seeds in the sowing pit, avoiding pressing, lightly covering the nutrient soil on each cave by 2 grains, and covering the seedbed with a film for moisturizing; and controlling the temperature in the seedling raising chamber to be 30 ℃, starting to emerge about 3 days, uncovering the film after emerging, and watering thoroughly every day to ensure the humidity of the seedling bed. And (5) transplanting the seedlings to a field when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart. Thus, the generation time can be 1-1.5 months. Emergence rate of seedlings92%.
Comparative example 1
When sunflower is used for generation in the Shijia area, fresh seeds are collected 10 days after pollination in spring. The fresh seeds are removed from the seed shells, and the seed coats and the seed endothelium of the germ parts are removed, so that the germs are completely exposed, and the seed coats and the seed endothelium of the cotyledon parts are reserved. Preparing a seedbed by using sterile nutrient soil: selecting qualified sterile nutritional soil containing perlite, turfy soil, vermiculite and desalted coconut husk, and having volume weight of less than 0.7g/cm 3 The organic matter is more than or equal to 20 percent, the pH is 5.5-7.0,1m 3 Adding 150-200kg of nutrient soil into water, ensuring that water is kept about 20%, uniformly mixing, and filling into a 50-hole seedling tray; sowing the treated young seeds on a seedbed, firstly pressing out sowing pits with the depth of 1-2 cm on nutrient soil on a cave dish during sowing, then directly placing the treated seeds in the sowing pits, avoiding pressing, lightly covering the nutrient soil on each cave by 2 grains, and covering the seedbed with a film for moisturizing; controlling the temperature in the seedling raising chamber to 15 ℃, starting to emerge about 7 days, uncovering the film after emerging, and watering thoroughly every day to ensure the humidity of the seedling bed. And (5) transplanting the seedlings to a field when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart. Thus, the generation time can be 1-1.5 months. The emergence rate is about 70%.
Comparative example 2
When sunflower is used for generation in the Shijia area, fresh seeds are collected 10 days after pollination in spring. The fresh seeds are removed from the seed shells, and the seed coats and the seed endothelium of the germ parts are removed, so that the germs are completely exposed, and the seed coats and the seed endothelium of the cotyledon parts are reserved. Preparing a seedbed by using sterile nutrient soil: selecting qualified sterile nutritional soil containing perlite, turfy soil, vermiculite and desalted coconut husk, and having volume weight of less than 0.7g/cm 3 The organic matter is more than or equal to 20 percent, the pH is 5.5-7.0,1m 3 Adding 150-200kg of nutrient soil into water, ensuring that water is kept about 20%, uniformly mixing, and filling into a 50-hole seedling tray; sowing the treated young seeds on a seedbed, firstly pressing a sowing pit with the depth of 1-2 cm on nutrient soil on a cave dish during sowing, then directly placing the treated seeds in the sowing pit, avoiding pressing, lightly covering the nutrient soil on each cave by 2 grains, and covering the seedbed with a film for protectingWetting; controlling 35 ℃ in the seedling raising chamber, starting to emerge after about 3 days, uncovering the film after emerging, and watering thoroughly every day to ensure the humidity of the seedling bed. And (5) transplanting the seedlings to a field when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart. Thus, the generation time can be 1-1.5 months. The emergence rate is below 50%.
Comparative example 3
Fresh seed treatment process: fresh seeds are removed from the seed shells, the seed coats and the seed endothelium of the germ parts are removed, so that the germs are completely exposed, and meanwhile, the seed endothelium of the cotyledon parts is also removed, and other cultivation conditions are the same as those in the embodiment 1, the emergence rate is about 20%, and other seeds are mostly malformed buds and cannot emerge.
Comparative example 4
Fresh seeds were collected 10 days after the end of pollination in spring, without treatment of the seeds, and were directly sown, and the other cultivation conditions were the same as in example 1, with a final emergence rate of 0%.
Comparative example 5
Fresh seeds are collected 10 days after the pollination in spring, the tender seeds are directly sown after only the shells are removed, other cultivation conditions are the same as those in the example 1, and the final emergence rate is below 5%.
Comparative example 6
Fresh seeds are collected 10 days after the end of pollination in spring, the tender seeds are removed from the outer shell, the embryo part is removed from the outer shell only, the inner shell is not removed, other cultivation conditions are the same as in example 1, and the final emergence rate is about 5%.
Claims (5)
1. A method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower seeds, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
a. seed collection: 10-15 days after pollination of the sunflower, collecting fresh seeds directly from the sunflower disc after vacuoles in the seeds disappear;
b. seed treatment: removing the seed shell of fresh seeds, and simultaneously removing the seed coat and the seed endothelium of the germ part to ensure that the germ is completely exposed and the seed coat and the seed endothelium of the cotyledon part are reserved;
c. preparing a seedbed: preparing a seedbed by using sterile nutrient soil, filling the seedling hole trays with the sterile nutrient soil, and then placing the seedling hole trays on the seedbed;
d. sowing: b, in the seedling raising hole tray holes on the seedling bed where the young seeds treated in the step b are sown, 2 seeds are planted in each seed hole, the sowing depth is 1-2 cm, and the seedling bed is covered with a film for moisturizing;
e. and (3) management: the room temperature is controlled to be 25-30 ℃ in the seedling raising chamber, the film is uncovered after the seedling comes out, water is sprayed every day, and the humidity of the seedling bed is ensured;
f. transplanting: and (5) transplanting the seedlings to a field when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart.
2. The method for raising seedlings of sunflowers by utilizing seeds according to claim 1, wherein: in the step d, during sowing, pits with the depth of 1-2 cm are pressed on sterile nutrient soil, treated seeds are placed in the pits, and the nutrient soil is covered to avoid pressing.
3. The method for raising seedlings of sunflowers by utilizing seeds according to claim 2, wherein: in the step c, the sterile nutrient soil is qualified sterile nutrient soil or self-made nutrient soil sold in the market, and the volume weight is less than 0.7g/cm 3 The organic matter is more than or equal to 20 percent, and the pH value is 5.5-7.0; before the self-made nutrient soil is used, the nutrient soil is sterilized at a high temperature of 120 ℃ for 15 minutes, so that the sterile property of the seedling nutrient soil is ensured.
4. A method of growing seedlings with sunflower seeds according to claim 3, wherein: in the step c, 1m of the sterile nutrient soil is filled before the step c 3 150-200kg of water is added into the sterile nutrient soil to ensure that the soil is kept 20% of water, and the sterile nutrient soil is filled into seedling trays after being uniformly mixed.
5. The method for raising seedlings of sunflower seeds according to claim 4, wherein: in the step e, the water spraying standard per day is that the soil is thoroughly poured, and the water holding capacity of the soil is 20%.
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