CN107646355A - A kind of method of punja water-saving planting sunflower - Google Patents
A kind of method of punja water-saving planting sunflower Download PDFInfo
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- CN107646355A CN107646355A CN201711151098.0A CN201711151098A CN107646355A CN 107646355 A CN107646355 A CN 107646355A CN 201711151098 A CN201711151098 A CN 201711151098A CN 107646355 A CN107646355 A CN 107646355A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of punja water-saving planting sunflower, it is characterised in that including following aspect：（1）Vernalization is handled, and is selected full seed, the sunflower seeds of no disease and pests harm, is first carried out sterilization processing, then carries out constant temperature vernalization；（2）Site preparation, planting soil is applied into soil using Bravo solution and pulverized limestone with after rotary tillage through turning over, then soil plantation layer laid；（3）Sowing, sow according to plant spacing in 3 April, using type of seeding of attacking a vital point, non-planting area soil is rolled 2 times per bunch planting 2 vernalization seeds of kind, and using lightweight wheel；（4）Flowers and fruits period management, plant bottom aging blade is extractd after sunflower blooms, upper blade is sprayed using film solution, soil sprayed using polysaccharide solution；（5）Daily management, soil moisture content is kept, Bravo solution is periodically sprinkled, applies NPK within 2 weeks before the florescence.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sunflower planting technical field, and in particular to a kind of method of punja water-saving planting sunflower.
Background technology
Sunflower is composite family annual plant, and growing height is capitulum up to 1-3.5m, colored direction all the time towards
Solar direction, it is sunflower seed after the maturation of center section, available for extracting oil and eat.Sunflower originates in South America, rear gradual
Introduced a fine variety to various regions, be available for viewing and admiring and economic plantation uses, there is plantation all over the world at present.Contain what is enriched in sunflower seeds
The compositions such as linoleic acid, phosphatide, there is diuresis anti-inflammatory, stomach invigorating, hypotensive and other effects, and also there is expelling parasite stop dysentery, its
Plant heavy metal and radiation have stronger defensive ability/resistance ability.Although sunflower, with stronger cold resistance, it is from the florescence
Substantial amounts of water is needed to fruiting period, water requirement accounts for the 30%-40% of whole plantation water, and sunflower growth otherwise can be caused slow
Slowly, sunflower Large Scale Death is resulted even in, its water requirement has the characteristics of concentrating, rule；Planted in more arid area,
It is difficult to ensure that providing the substantial amounts of moisture of sunflower at florescence and fruiting period, the moisture problem for how solving florescence and fruiting period turned into day
The key of certain herbaceous plants with big flowers plantation.
The content of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem of existing：Although with stronger cold resistance, it is needed sunflower from the florescence to fruiting period
Substantial amounts of water is wanted, water requirement accounts for the 30%-40% of whole plantation water, sunflower otherwise can be caused slow-growing, or even meeting
Cause sunflower Large Scale Death, its water requirement has the characteristics of concentrating, rule；Planted in more arid area, it is difficult to ensure that
The substantial amounts of moisture of sunflower is provided at florescence and fruiting period, the moisture problem for how solving florescence and fruiting period turns into sunflower planting
It is crucial.To solve the above problems, the invention provides a kind of method of punja water-saving planting sunflower.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of method of punja water-saving planting sunflower, comprises the following steps：
（1）Vernalization is handled：Full seed, the sunflower seeds of no disease and pests harm are selected, potassium permanganate is first leached and dissolves into capable kill
Bacterium handle, then using zeatin solution at a temperature of 25-28 DEG C constant temperature vernalization 22-24h, obtain vernalization seed, disease pest can be reduced
Evil rate, improves sunflower germination percentage；
（2）Site preparation：Planting soil is applied into soil with after rotary tillage through turning over using Bravo solution and pulverized limestone, then to soil
Plantation layer is laid, and soil laying layer is respectively 5 layers from the bottom to top, and lower floor is soil horizon, and the second layer is thickness 3-4cm hair
Ferment stalk or fermented cow dung layer, play moisturizing and nutritional ingredient effect be provided, third layer be thickness in 2-4cm soil horizons, to soil
Earth lays 2 layers of biomass membrane after pouring water on soil horizon, reduces soil moisture evaporation, plays moisture-heat preservation effect, most upper
Layer is soil horizon thick 5-6cm, again then soil watering pours water is sprayed to soaking using Bravo solution；
（3）Sowing：Sow according to plant spacing 20-30cm × 42-46cm in 3-4 months, using type of seeding of attacking a vital point, and use
Taper rod punctures biomass membrane, and per bunch planting 2 vernalization seeds of kind, the urea liquid pouring that use quality concentration is 1%-1.5% is fixed
Plant, EM bacteria agent solution is sprayed after mulching soil, then non-planting area soil is rolled 2 times using lightweight wheel, improves soil
Compactness, reduce water evaporation quantity；
（4）Flowers and fruits period management：Sunflower flower fruiting period is poured using soil, and plant bottom aging leaf is extractd after sunflower blooms
Piece, upper blade is sprayed using film solution, form film quality layer in blade surface, reduce plant evaporation amount, often
Strain retains 2-3 pieces and not sprayed, and soil is sprayed using polysaccharide solution, forms poly sugar layer in soil surface, reduces soil
The scattered hair of earth reclaimed water, film solution and the polysaccharide solution sprinkling frequency are 7-9 days；
（5）Daily management：Poured when soil moisture content is less than 60% 1 time, 1 Bravo solution is monthly sprayed, at the florescence
NPK was applied according to every mu of 90-110kg/ mus to growing area in first 2 weeks.
Step（1）Described sterilization processing, wherein liquor potassic permanganate mass concentration are 0.3%-0.5%, time 3-4min.
Step（1）Described zeatin solution, its mass concentration are 1%-1.4%.
Step（2）Described described Bravo solution, its extension rate are 900 times；Described pulverized limestone, its amount of applying
For 30-40kg/ mus.
Step（4）Described film solution, it is respectively configured to sub-prime gauge part and is：Water 200-240 parts, ethyl cellulose
12-15 parts, -7 parts of tyrosinase 15, magnesium sulfate 1-2 parts, zinc sulfate 0.6-1 parts.
Step（4）Described polysaccharide solution, it is the polysaccharide that its quality 6%-8% is added into clarification limewash, stirs
After be made.
The present invention has advantages below compared with prior art：Vernalization is handled, molten by using Bravo solution and zeatin
Liquid soaks to sunflower seeds, can reduce pest and disease damage rate, improves sunflower germination percentage.Site preparation, using Bravo solution and
Pulverized limestone applies to soil plays killing effect to pathogenic bacteria in soil, carries out layering laying to soil, wherein fermented stalk or
Fermented cow dung layer can improve organic matter nutritional ingredient needed for sunflower, and can improve soil water storage and the ability of water conservation, and can
Degradation biological plasma membrane can reduce soil moisture evaporation, play moisturizing, insulation effect, can effectively reduce sunflower planting reclaimed water and pour
Filling amount, plays water saving effect.Type of seeding, per the preferably high-quality seedling cultivation of 2, cave seed, kind can be improved using urea field planting
Sub- germination percentage and survival rate, and soil compactness can be moderately improved using lightweight vehicle wheel rolling presses, soil moisture evaporation capacity is reduced,
Play moisture-keeping function.Flowers and fruits period management, spray film solution to blade and form film quality layer in blade surface, the water of blade can be reduced
Divide evaporation, while retain 2-3 pieces leaf to meet that plant nutrition conveys needs, and use polysaccharide solution to carry out soil
Sprinkling, forming poly sugar layer in soil surface reduces soil moisture evaporation.Daily management, use Bravo solution tri compound
Fertilizer, pest and disease damage rate in sunflower planting can be reduced, improve sunflower yield.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1：
A kind of method of punja water-saving planting sunflower, comprises the following steps：
（1）Vernalization is handled：Full seed, the sunflower seeds of no disease and pests harm are selected, potassium permanganate is first leached and dissolves into capable kill
Bacterium handle, then using zeatin solution at a temperature of 26 DEG C constant temperature vernalization 23h, obtain vernalization seed, pest and disease damage rate can be reduced, carried
High sunflower germination percentage；
（2）Site preparation：Planting soil is applied into soil with after rotary tillage through turning over using Bravo solution and pulverized limestone, then to soil
Plantation layer is laid, and soil laying layer is respectively 5 layers from the bottom to top, and lower floor is soil horizon, and the second layer is thickness 3-4cm hair
Ferment stalk or fermented cow dung layer, play moisturizing and nutritional ingredient effect be provided, third layer be thickness in 2-4cm soil horizons, to soil
Earth lays 2 layers of biomass membrane after pouring water on soil horizon, reduces soil moisture evaporation, plays moisture-heat preservation effect, most upper
Layer is soil horizon thick 5-6cm, again then soil watering pours water is sprayed to soaking using Bravo solution；
（3）Sowing：Sowed in 3-4 months according to plant spacing 24cm × 43cm, using type of seeding of attacking a vital point, and use taper rod
Biomass membrane is punctured, per bunch planting 2 vernalization seeds of kind, the urea liquid that use quality concentration is 1.1% pours field planting, overburden soil
EM bacteria agent solution is sprayed after earth, then non-planting area soil is rolled 2 times using lightweight wheel, improves soil compactness, drop
Low moisture evaporation capacity；
（4）Flowers and fruits period management：Sunflower flower fruiting period is poured using soil, and plant bottom aging leaf is extractd after sunflower blooms
Piece, upper blade is sprayed using film solution, form film quality layer in blade surface, reduce plant evaporation amount, often
Strain retains 2-3 pieces and not sprayed, and soil is sprayed using polysaccharide solution, forms poly sugar layer in soil surface, reduces soil
The scattered hair of earth reclaimed water, film solution and the polysaccharide solution sprinkling frequency are 8 days；
（5）Daily management：Poured when soil moisture content is less than 60% 1 time, 1 Bravo solution is monthly sprayed, at the florescence
NPK was applied according to every mu of 94kg/ mus to growing area in first 2 weeks.
Step（1）Described sterilization processing, wherein liquor potassic permanganate mass concentration are 0.35%, time 3min.
Step（1）Described zeatin solution, its mass concentration are 1.2%.
Step（2）Described described Bravo solution, its extension rate are 900 times；Described pulverized limestone, its amount of applying
For 32kg/ mus.
Step（4）Described film solution, it is respectively configured to sub-prime gauge part and is：210 parts of water, 13 parts of ethyl cellulose,
Tyrosinase 15 .2 parts, 1.2 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.7 part of zinc sulfate.
Step（4）Described polysaccharide solution, it is the polysaccharide that its quality 6.2% is added into clarification limewash, after stirring
It is made.
Embodiment 2：
（1）Vernalization is handled：Full seed, the sunflower seeds of no disease and pests harm are selected, potassium permanganate is first leached and dissolves into capable kill
Bacterium handle, then using zeatin solution at a temperature of 27 DEG C constant temperature vernalization 24h, obtain vernalization seed, pest and disease damage rate can be reduced, carried
High sunflower germination percentage；
（2）Site preparation：Planting soil is applied into soil with after rotary tillage through turning over using Bravo solution and pulverized limestone, then to soil
Plantation layer is laid, and soil laying layer is respectively 5 layers from the bottom to top, and lower floor is soil horizon, and the second layer is thickness 3-4cm hair
Ferment stalk or fermented cow dung layer, play moisturizing and nutritional ingredient effect be provided, third layer be thickness in 2-4cm soil horizons, to soil
Earth lays 2 layers of biomass membrane after pouring water on soil horizon, reduces soil moisture evaporation, plays moisture-heat preservation effect, most upper
Layer is soil horizon thick 5-6cm, again then soil watering pours water is sprayed to soaking using Bravo solution；
（3）Sowing：Sowed in 3-4 months according to plant spacing 28cm × 45cm, using type of seeding of attacking a vital point, and use taper rod
Biomass membrane is punctured, per bunch planting 2 vernalization seeds of kind, the urea liquid that use quality concentration is 1.4% pours field planting, overburden soil
EM bacteria agent solution is sprayed after earth, then non-planting area soil is rolled 2 times using lightweight wheel, improves soil compactness, drop
Low moisture evaporation capacity；
（4）Flowers and fruits period management：Sunflower flower fruiting period is poured using soil, and plant bottom aging leaf is extractd after sunflower blooms
Piece, upper blade is sprayed using film solution, form film quality layer in blade surface, reduce plant evaporation amount, often
Strain retains 2-3 pieces and not sprayed, and soil is sprayed using polysaccharide solution, forms poly sugar layer in soil surface, reduces soil
The scattered hair of earth reclaimed water, film solution and the polysaccharide solution sprinkling frequency are 9 days；
（5）Daily management：Poured when soil moisture content is less than 60% 1 time, 1 Bravo solution is monthly sprayed, at the florescence
NPK was applied according to every mu of 105kg/ mus to growing area in first 2 weeks.
Step（1）Described sterilization processing, wherein liquor potassic permanganate mass concentration are 0.42%, time 34min.
Step（1）Described zeatin solution, its mass concentration are 1.3%.
Step（2）Described described Bravo solution, its extension rate are 900 times；Described pulverized limestone, its amount of applying
For 37kg/ mus.
Step（4）Described film solution, it is respectively configured to sub-prime gauge part and is：220 parts of water, 14 parts of ethyl cellulose,
6.7 parts of tyrosine, 1.8 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.9 part of zinc sulfate.
Step（4）Described polysaccharide solution, it is the polysaccharide that its quality 7.5% is added into clarification limewash, after stirring
It is made.
Contrast 1：
This contrast 1 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 1（1）Vernalization is handled, and other steps are same as Example 1.
Contrast 2：
This contrast 2 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 1（2）Middle fermented stalk or fermented cow dung use, and other steps are with implementing
Example 1 is identical.
Contrast 3：
This contrast 3 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 1（2）Middle biomass membrane uses, and other steps are same as Example 1.
Contrast 4：
This contrast 4 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 2（4）Middle film solution uses, and other steps are same as Example 2.
Contrast 5：
This contrast 5 does not carry out step compared with embodiment 2（4）Middle polysaccharide solution uses, and other steps are same as Example 2.
Control group：
Control group plants sunflower in the conventional way, and vernalization processing, fermented stalk or fermented cow dung, film solution, more is not used
Glycan solution.
To embodiment 1, embodiment 2, contrast 1, contrast 2, contrast 3, contrast 4 and control group experimental program, sunflower is counted
Germination percentage, water saving ratio, average yield per mu yield.
Experimental data：
| Project | Germination percentage % | Water saving ratio % | Average yield per mu yield kg |
| Embodiment 1 | 99.1 | 18.9 | 217 |
| Embodiment 2 | 98.7 | 18.4 | 210 |
| Contrast 1 | 95.0 | 19.2 | 214 |
| Contrast 2 | 97.2 | 12.0 | 209 |
| Contrast 3 | 97.4 | 14.8 | 223 |
| Contrast 4 | 99.2 | 13.9 | 214 |
| Contrast 5 | 98.4 | 15.2 | 207 |
| Control group | 91.3 | 0.0 | 221 |
Synthesis result：Sunflower planting method of the present invention, compared with control group, sunflower germination percentage improves 7.8%, is saved in plantation
Water ratio is more than 18.4%, and average yield per mu yield maintains an equal level with traditional cultivation method.Handled using vernalization, germination can be improved
Rate is 4.1%, using film solution and polysaccharide solution method, can improve water saving ratio as 4.5%, 3.2%；And use fermentation straw
Stalk or fermented cow dung, biomass membrane method, can improve germination percentage 1.9%, 1.7%, and water saving ratio improves 6.9%, 4.1%.
Claims (6)
- A kind of 1. method of punja water-saving planting sunflower, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：（1）Vernalization is handled：Full seed, the sunflower seeds of no disease and pests harm are selected, potassium permanganate is first leached and dissolves into capable kill Bacterium handle, then using zeatin solution at a temperature of 25-28 DEG C constant temperature vernalization 22-24h, obtain vernalization seed；（2）Site preparation：Planting soil is applied into soil with after rotary tillage through turning over using Bravo solution and pulverized limestone, then to soil Plantation layer is laid, and soil laying layer is respectively 5 layers from the bottom to top, and lower floor is soil horizon, and the second layer is thickness 3-4cm hair Ferment stalk or fermented cow dung layer, third layer be thickness in 2-4cm soil horizons, 2 layers are laid on soil horizon after pouring soil water Biomass membrane, the superiors are the thick soil horizons of 5-6cm, again then soil watering pours water are entered to soaking using Bravo solution Row sprinkling；（3）Sowing：Sow according to plant spacing 20-30cm × 42-46cm in 3-4 months, using type of seeding of attacking a vital point, and use Taper rod punctures biomass membrane, and per bunch planting 2 vernalization seeds of kind, the urea liquid pouring that use quality concentration is 1%-1.5% is fixed Plant, EM bacteria agent solution is sprayed after mulching soil, then non-planting area soil is rolled 2 times using lightweight wheel；（4）Flowers and fruits period management：Sunflower flower fruiting period is poured using soil, and plant bottom aging leaf is extractd after sunflower blooms Piece, upper blade is sprayed using film solution, every plant retains 2-3 pieces and do not spray, and soil is entered using polysaccharide solution Row sprinkling, film solution and the polysaccharide solution sprinkling frequency are 7-9 days；（5）Daily management：Poured when soil moisture content is less than 60% 1 time, 1 Bravo solution is monthly sprayed, at the florescence NPK was applied according to every mu of 90-110kg/ mus to growing area in first 2 weeks.
- 2. the method for punja water-saving planting sunflower as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）Described kills Bacterium is handled, and wherein liquor potassic permanganate mass concentration is 0.3%-0.5%, time 3-4min.
- 3. the method for punja water-saving planting sunflower as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（1）Described jade The plain solution of rice, its mass concentration is 1%-1.4%.
- 4. the method for punja water-saving planting sunflower as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（2）Described institute The Bravo solution stated, its extension rate are 900 times；Described pulverized limestone, its amount of applying are 30-40kg/ mus.
- 5. the method for punja water-saving planting sunflower as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（4）Described film Agent solution, it is respectively configured to sub-prime gauge part and is：Water 200-240 parts, ethyl cellulose 12-15 parts, -7 parts of tyrosinase 15, sulfuric acid Magnesium 1-2 parts, zinc sulfate 0.6-1 parts.
- 6. the method for punja water-saving planting sunflower as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that step（4）Described is more Glycan solution, it is the polysaccharide that its quality 6%-8% is added into clarification limewash, is made after stirring.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114982560A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 河北双星种业股份有限公司 | Method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower young seeds |
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Application publication date: 20180202 |