CN102986332A - Fast large-scale germination accelerating method for palm seed - Google Patents
Fast large-scale germination accelerating method for palm seed Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986332A CN102986332A CN2012105332786A CN201210533278A CN102986332A CN 102986332 A CN102986332 A CN 102986332A CN 2012105332786 A CN2012105332786 A CN 2012105332786A CN 201210533278 A CN201210533278 A CN 201210533278A CN 102986332 A CN102986332 A CN 102986332A
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Abstract
A fast large-scale germination accelerating method for palm seed comprises the following five steps: (1)collecting seeds; (2) threshing the seeds; (3) cleaning the seeds and thinning seed coats; (4) subjecting the seeds to bubble warm water germination accelerating treatment; and (5) sowing and cultivating in greenhouse. The invention relates to a plant seed germination accelerating technique, and provides a mechanical germination accelerating method for palm seeds before germination. The method for treating palm seeds has advantages of simple operation, a large amount of seed treatment at one time, high working efficiency and labor saving, can effectively relieve seed coat obstacle for palm seed germination, improve water permeability and air permeability of the palm seeds and benefit early germination of large-scale factory seedling, and greatly improves germination rate, germination index, germination uniformity of the palm seeds and shortens germination time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vernalization technology of plant seed, is the method for processing carrying out mechanization vernalization before the palm seed germination.
Background technology
Palm (Trachycarpus fortunel) is that the Palmae Trachycarpus is evergreen originally tall, and trunk is cylindrical, and leaf is large, the palmate drastic crack, and collection is given birth to do and pushed up, and is the Palmae seeds that domestic distribution is the widest, the distribution latitude is the highest.The palm tree performance is graceful, Four seasons is like spring, it is Landscape Tree Species preferably, be usually used in garden, roadside and flower bed greening, palm timber can utensil processed, and the leaf sheath fiber can broom processed, straw rain cape, bolster, mattress etc., brown micromicro rope making rope, palm leaf can be used as rain-proof shelter lid, flower, really, brown root and phyllopodium Petiolus Trachycarpi can process and be used as medicine etc.The palm economic use value is high, but the palm plants seed sprouting is difficult, and germinating time is longer, needs 3～6 months, even reaches 2 years.Carry out first vernalization before the sowing and can sprout ahead of time, improve emergence rate.The normal-temperature water seed soaking is general method, but mainly by artificial treatment, labour intensity is large, and efficient is low.Also there are in the market some can supply the machine of seed soaking seed, but be not suitable for processing the large and hard palm seed of kind skin of particle, the seed treatment initiating device volume of prior art is all very little, can not a large amount of seed of disposable processing, as processing on a large scale then time and effort consuming of palm seed, increase production cost, be unfavorable for improving speed and the productivity effect that palm produces.
State Intellectual Property Office has announced the patented technology that name is called " oscillatory seed liquor initiation device and method " on December 1st, 2010, be not suitable for the initiation to the palm seed, the quantity of each Priming Seeds is little, can not realize that the batch production of palm seed causes on a large scale.
Process and can do sth. in advance to a certain extent the seeding stage of palm by presoaking and germinating, but can not remove the kind skin obstacle of seed, the palm seed that soaked sprouts the earliest still needs 1～2 month.The palm seed belongs to drupe class seed, exocarp is thin, mesocarp thick fiber matter, the endocarp lignification is hard, its mouth that germinates is positioned near the axis at the kidney shape seed endocarp back side, perpendicular thick kind skin has hindered seed and has absorbed moisture and oxygen, fettered the increase of embryo and to outgrowth, is to cause that seed sprouting speed is slow, germination rate is low, irregular former therefore place of emerging:
Remove the kind skin obstacle of palm seed, improve the absorbent ventilate of seed, germination rate, germination index, germination regularity and the shortening germinating time of energy Effective Raise palm seed.The most normal Adopts measure is that acid adding (3%～5% dilute sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid) is processed and mechanical damage kind skin vernalization (be so-called opening " embryotega " wipe kind skin on the blastopore face off with scraper) at present; these two kinds of method Simple fasts; but operation is wasted time and energy by hand, labour intensity is large, efficient is low; can not mass, scale processes seed; and easily acid pollution environment, damage plumule; reducing germination rate, is to lose more than gain.
State Intellectual Property Office discloses the patented technology that name is called " small-sized hard seed treating machine " on August 5th, 2009, has introduced structure and the operation principle of small-sized hard seed treating machine.This device for treatment of seeds is to invent for hardseed specially, and the energy efficient solution is except the kind skin obstacle of hardseed, but complex structure, disposable treating capacity is little, can not satisfy batch production and process on a large scale seed.
Palm all is important raw material in Landscape, palm food production, palm mattress production; the huge market demand of palm product; good in economic efficiency; but because raw tree species poor growth; caused imbalance between supply and demand to a certain extent; reach preferably economic benefit, just must be from the seed treatment of palm and the beginning of growing seedlings, therefore carry out the rapid scale vernalization particularly necessity that seems.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of rapid scale germination accelerating method of palm seed.
The technical scheme that solves the problems of the technologies described above is:
Rapid scale germination accelerating method process the following step of this palm seed:
(1) collection of seed: south China area palm fruit is ripe 9～November, until fruit be black-and-blue after, namely gather, the clip full seed, without go mouldy, without the fruit ear of damage by disease and insect;
(2) threshing of seed: craft or apparatus are with the seed threshing on the fruit ear of palm, and seed should be intact in the threshing course, and reject immature, mouldy and the seed of damage by disease and insect arranged:
(3) thinning of the cleaning of seed and kind skin is processed: the palm seed after the threshing is poured in the staving of palm seed peeling cleaning device, and pour water in from water inlet to bucket to the assorted mouth that overflows and namely stop to supply water, then start rabbling mechanism, by the rotation that accelerates slowly, carry out seed and clean and plant skin thinning processing, carrying out simultaneously flotation in this process picks and is coated with seed not full or that damage by disease and insect is arranged, also screen and remove silt and small and weak seed, be disposed, put topple over after dried inner bucket water divides barrel interior seed to the basket or the bag in for subsequent use;
(4) the bubble Warm water type vernalization of seed is processed; To carry out vernalization with bubble Warm water type palm seed initial stage pregermination device through the palm seed that step (3) are handled well processes, namely seed is poured in the insulation staving that 30 ℃～35 ℃ of thermostatted waters are housed of this device, intermittently in bucket, replenish warm water, keep the water temperature substantially constant, horizontal plane is no more than the water outlet gas port of staving, then covering bung makes it keep constant temperature, simultaneously to passing into gases at high pressure with installing discontinuous, stop after processing 48～72h, discharge water and pour out seed in the bucket to basket or bag:
(5) sowing and booth are cultivated: the seed after step (4) is processed directly is seeded in cave dish or the nutritive cube, seed of every cave or every alms bowl, and thickness of earth covering 08～1.5cm watered one time water every 2～3 days, keep ground moistening; Cave dish or nutritive cube that sowing is good are placed on the cultivation of growing seedlings in the booth, cultivate in the condition of sprouting degree of covering 50%～75%, keep ground moistening and higher canopy temperature, and will keep at least 18～25 ℃ winter.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: with this method the palm seed is carried out vernalization, the quantity of simple to operate, disposable processing seed is large, high efficiency, saving labour, the energy efficient solution is except the kind skin obstacle of palm seed sprouting, improve permeable, the gas permeability of palm seed, greatly improved germination rate, germination index, the germination regularity of palm seed and shortened germinating time.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of palm seed peeling cleaning device.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of bubble Warm water type palm seed initial stage pregermination device.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment:
The rapid scale germination accelerating method of this palm seed carries out as follows:
(1) seed collection: south China area palm fruit is ripe 9～November, until fruit be black-and-blue after, namely gather, the clip full seed, without go mouldy, without the fruit ear of damage by disease and insect;
(2) threshing of seed: craft or apparatus are with the seed threshing on the fruit ear of palm, and seed should be intact in the threshing course, and reject seed immature, mouldy and that damage by disease and insect is arranged;
(3) thinning of the cleaning of seed and kind skin is processed: the palm seed after the threshing is poured in the staving of palm seed peeling cleaning device, and pour water in from water inlet to bucket to the assorted mouth that overflows and namely stop to supply water, then start rabbling mechanism, by the rotation that accelerates slowly, carry out seed and clean and plant skin thinning processing, carry out simultaneously flotation in this process and reject seed not full or that damage by disease and insect is arranged, also screen and remove silt and small and weak seed, be disposed, put topple over after dried inner bucket water divides barrel interior seed to the basket or the bag in for subsequent use;
(4) the bubble Warm water type vernalization of seed is processed: will carry out managing under the vernalization with bubble Warm water type palm seed initial stage pregermination device through the palm seed that step (3) are handled well, namely seed is poured in the insulation staving that 30 ℃～35 ℃ of thermostatted waters are housed of this device, intermittently in bucket, just fill warm water, keep the water temperature substantially constant, horizontal plane is no more than the water outlet gas port of staving, then covering bung makes it keep constant temperature, simultaneously to passing into gases at high pressure with installing discontinuous, stop after processing 48～72h, discharge water and pour out seed in the bucket to basket or bag:
(5) sowing and booth are cultivated: the seed after step (4) is processed directly is seeded in cave dish or the nutritive cube, seed of every cave or every alms bowl, and thickness of earth covering 0.8～1.5cm watered one time water every 2～3 days, keep ground moistening; Cave dish or nutritive cube that sowing is good are placed on the cultivation of growing seedlings in the booth, cultivate in the condition of shade rate 50%～75%, keep ground moistening and higher canopy temperature, and will keep at least 18～25 ℃ winter.
For helping to understand and implement, the below introduces roughly (declaring separately on the same day patent with the application) to palm seed peeling cleaning device, referring to Fig. 1, this device is the special equipment of seed being removed the peel the mechanization processing of cleaning before the palm presprouting of seeds, comprise motor 1, gearbox 2, staving 9, support 14 and lifter, described motor is variable-frequency motor 1, be covered with groove and convex ridge that double wedge 10 or longitudinal separation are arranged on the staving madial wall with bung 4, the top of bung 4 is equipped with variable-frequency motor 1 and gearbox 2, stirring vane 8 with double wedge 10 is installed on the shaft 5, variable-frequency motor, gearbox, bung, the link into an integrated entity rabbling mechanism that forms of shaft and stirring vane links to each other with lifter on the support, between the turning cylinder of gearbox 2 and the shaft 5 detachable shaft joint 3 is arranged, there is water inlet 15 on staving top and overflows assorted mouthful 6, there is the draining decontamination mouth 13 with valve 12 at bucket center, the end, there is circle middle and lower part in the staving with the dividing plate 11 of sieve aperture, and there is the rotation minor axis 7 that is connected with support the outer corresponding both sides, middle and upper part of staving.
The volume size of this device should design by the size for the treatment of capacity, generally can be by the high 150cm of staving, the bucket internal diameter is that 100cm makes, with lifter rabbling mechanism is promoted to a high position first during use, in staving 9, put dividing plate 11 again, valve 12 on the draining decontamination mouth 13 is closed, pour pending palm seed into, pour water in 9 from water inlet 15 to staving, when the horizontal plane in the staving reaches excessive assorted mouthful 6, the decline rabbling mechanism makes stirring vane 8 full insertions in the seed heap, with 0.5～1.0 revolutions per second slow start motor 1, the kind skin that comes off and dead or not full seed float with water and flow out outside the stavings for assorted mouthful 6 from overflowing; Equally distributed sieve aperture is arranged on the dividing plate 11, and the kind skin that comes off and full not palm seed and the silt carried secretly just can drain under the sieve aperture near the draining decontamination mouth 13, have played the effect of mixing silt, the removal of impurity, flotation and screening seed.After these foreign material are cleared up removal substantially, tune up gradually again rotating speed to 180～300 rev/min, water inlet on one side, one side Open valve 12, under the effect of rabbling mechanism, some seeds are centrifugal to rotate along the bucket inwall, some seeds are subjected to eddy current to concentrate on a barrel center to turn, two-part seed is hit by the wiping of double wedge 10 (or piston ring land) all and has removed the kind skin, wear down shell, kind of skin overflows from overflowing assorted mouthful 6 or discharges from draining decontamination mouth 13 downwards, processes and finishes, and stops into water, after putting dried inner bucket water and dividing, with lifter rabbling mechanism is promoted to a high position, topples over barrel interior seed and to basket or bag, get final product.
It should be noted that, this device is relevant to blade setting and the rotating speed of the friction degree of kind of skin and the amount of processing seed, the height of amount, double wedge or piston ring land that adds moisture content and density, mixing time, rabbling mechanism, should note at any time disposable processing seed amount, add the control of amount, mixing time and the speed of agitator of moisture content, guard against to smash and stir and hinder seed.
The below makes a presentation (also having applied for separately on the same day patent) to the bubble Warm water type palm seed initial stage pregermination device of another kind of independent utility again, referring to Fig. 2, this device is to carry out the special equipment that vernalization is processed before the palm seed germination, comprise air inlet pipe, escape pipe, the structure such as staving and support, staving is the insulation staving 29 with thermal insulation layer, the bung 21 of tool thermal insulation layer is arranged at the top, water outlet gas port 31 is arranged at staving top, circular sieve aperture dividing plate 28 is arranged at the bottom,, there is the sewage draining exit 25 with valve at the bucket end, have into warm water tube 27 on sieve aperture dividing plate 28 and insulation staving 29 sidewalls of bucket between the end and advance high-pressure air pipe 24, advance another termination boiler of warm water tube, advance another termination high-pressure pump 23 of high-pressure air pipe, the both sides corresponding with insulation staving upper portion side wall, the upper end of support 26 respectively have one to rotate minor axis 30, and the maximum diameter of hole of the sieve aperture on the sieve aperture dividing plate 28 is less than the average grain diameter of palm seed.
This device generally can be by the high 1.5m of bucket, the bucket internal diameter is that the specification of 1m is made, air-vent 22 and thermowell 32 are arranged on the bung, bung 21 and whole insulation staving 29 be unsettled being fixed on the support all, support 26 tops respectively have one to rotate minor axis 30 in the both sides of the upper position of staving 29, only need on insulation staving top during discharging or the bottom pushes away or draws and can rotate staving to tilting, pour out seed.Staving has heat-insulation layer, water outlet gas port 31 and water inlet pipe 27, advance high-pressure air pipe 24, the inner used sieve aperture dividing plate 28 of staving is detachable circular dividing plate, its diameter is 1m, sieve aperture dividing plate level is installed in apart from bottom of the barrel 150mm place, the sieve aperture that equally distributed ellipse or other shapes are arranged on the plate, if oval sieve aperture, its aperture is 4mm * 2mm, oval-shaped design has prevented that palm seed and impurity from falling into sieve aperture fully, easily stops up sieve aperture and causes the inhomogeneous shortcoming of ventilation thereby overcome traditional foaming column method seed:
Use this device to soak kind of a period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, at first to put sieve aperture dividing plate 28, with the valve closing on the sewage draining exit 25, opening high pressure air pump 23 intermittently passes into gases at high pressure when pouring into 30 ℃～35 ℃ hot water in from water inlet 27 to staving in bucket, then pours the seed soaking that the palm seed carries out 48～72h in staving.In the processing procedure, when the horizontal plane in the staving reached and exceed the height of water outlet gas port 31, the kind skin that comes off and dead or not full seed floated, and flow out staving with moisture; Equally distributed sieve aperture is arranged on the dividing plate 28, and the kind skin that comes off, silt and not full palm seed just drain on the sewage draining exit 25 under sieve aperture, open the valve discharging, have played the effect of despumation, flotation and screening seed.Process to finish, after stopping into water and air feed, putting dried inner bucket water and divide, open bung and topple over barrel interior seed extremely basket or bag in get final product.
The water temperature that this matching requirements enters the water of staving must remain on 30 ℃～35 ℃, the hot water of device running discontinuous ground 30 ℃～35 ℃ of inputs in the device with holdout device in water temperature relatively constant, the arrival of inner bucket water plane also exceeds water outlet gas port 31, downright bad seed, plant skin and other impurity in time by outside water outlet gas port 31 dischargers, avoid the obstruction to sieve aperture as far as possible, staving with thermal insulation layer permits warm water to make water temperature relative constant with intermittent the benefit, this suction and sprouting to the palm seed has facilitation, intermittently supply warm water and be filled with high pressure gas, can be controlled by thermometer or timetable, more can by the temperature and pressure sensor through programming, be controlled by microcomputer automatic.
The container of sowing adopts cave dish or the specification (bore * height) in 32 holes to be the nutritive cube of 6cm * 6cm～8cm * 8cm: the matrix of sowing usefulness should be set out according to the real resource of various places, but organic matter is rich in requirement, thickness is suitable, can water conservation again can draining, usually adopt 1 part of prescription that mixes again 1 part of fine sand on 1 part in local soil, the configuration humic, the pH value is 5.5～6.0 in the nutrition for preparing; The degree of depth of sowing can keep again moistening for well so that seed can obtain the top layer air, generally earthing 0.8～1.5cm above the seed.
Adopt the mode of a seed of a cave or alms bowl sowing, be conducive to improve the survival rate of transplanting seedlings.When the palm seedling grows into root system and covers with cave dish or nutritive cube in blank panel or in the small size nutritive cube, want in time seedling to be changed in the bigger nutritive cube, the root system of not loosening during transplanting, only filling up new matrix at bigger nutritive cube edge gets final product, reduce as far as possible movement and damage to root system, to guarantee this growth of seedling.
Change the field planting of people field after growing seedlings over to.When reaching 1m and just can go out to lead to field planting when above by progressively changing palm growth of seedling that the large size nutritive cube cultivates, want attached native field planting during transplanting, the depth of planting is as the criterion with the original foundation mud of nursery stock mark, should not plant deeply, because it is inadequate to plant temperature dark, new root is difficult for occuring.Should wipe out 1/2 leaf during large transplantation of seedlings, to reduce the moisture evaporation, improve survival rate.To water permeablely after the field planting, keep soil often moistening.
Claims (1)
1. the rapid scale germination accelerating method of a palm seed is characterized in that through the following step:
(1) collection of seed: south China area palm fruit is ripe 9～November, until fruit be black-and-blue after, namely gather, the clip full seed, without go mouldy, without the fruit ear of damage by disease and insect;
(2) threshing of seed: craft or apparatus are with the seed threshing on the fruit ear of palm, and seed should be intact in the threshing course, and reject seed immature, mouldy and that damage by disease and insect is arranged;
(3) thinning of the cleaning of seed and kind skin is processed: the palm seed after the threshing is poured in the staving of palm seed peeling cleaning device, and pour water in from water inlet to bucket to the assorted mouth that overflows and namely stop to supply water, then start rabbling mechanism, by the rotation that accelerates slowly, carry out seed and clean and plant skin thinning processing, carry out simultaneously flotation in this process and reject seed not full or that damage by disease and insect is arranged, also screen and remove silt and small and weak seed, be disposed, put topple over after dried inner bucket water divides barrel interior seed to the basket or the bag in for subsequent use;
(4) the bubble Warm water type vernalization of seed is processed: will carry out vernalization with bubble Warm water type palm seed initial stage pregermination device through the palm seed that step (3) are handled well and process, namely seed is poured in the insulation staving that 30 ℃～35 ℃ of thermostatted waters are housed of this device, intermittently in bucket, replenish warm water, keep the water temperature substantially constant, horizontal plane is no more than the water outlet gas port of staving.Then cover bung and make it keep constant temperature, pass into gases at high pressure to device discontinuous ground simultaneously, stop after processing 48～72h, discharge water and pour out in the bucket seed to basket or bag in;
(5) sowing and booth are cultivated: the seed after step (4) is processed directly is seeded in cave dish or the nutritive cube, seed of every cave or every alms bowl, and thickness of earth covering 0.8～1.5cm watered one time water every 2～3 days, keep ground moistening; Cave dish or nutritive cube that sowing is good are placed on the cultivation of growing seedlings in the booth, cultivate in the condition of shade rate 50%～75%, keep ground moistening and higher canopy temperature, and will keep at least 18～25 ℃ winter.
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| CN103430761A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2013-12-11 | 武汉市林业果树科学研究所 | Method for increasing seedling survival rate of mucuna sempervirens |
| CN103636312A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-19 | 王振环 | Pre-treatment method for promoting budding of mirabilis jalapa seeds by physical method |
| CN103636311A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-19 | 王振环 | Pretreatment method for accelerating germination of xanthium sibiricum seeds by physical method |
| CN103636310A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-19 | 王振环 | Pre-treatment method of promoting gingko biloba seeds to bud by physical method |
| CN104429580A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-03-25 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Green palm seed seedling raising method |
| CN105594500A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-05-25 | 贵州大自然科技股份有限公司 | Palm container seedling culture method |
| CN105960887A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 哈尔滨尼亚农业有限公司 | Multifunctional seed germination accelerating device |
| CN105993289A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-12 | 沈阳人和机电工程设备有限公司 | Treatment method capable of increasing seed germination and growth speeds |
| CN106797824A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-06 | 宜兴市万阳苗木专业合作社 | A kind of golden larch growing nursery and culture matrix and seedling method for culturing seedlings |
| CN106954509A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-07-18 | 枞阳县弘阳园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of palm sexual reproduction method |
| CN108713365A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2018-10-30 | 肖剑 | A kind of Geldart-D particle applied to restoration of the ecosystem feeds pulsating seed priming device |
| CN110720276A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-24 | 道真自治县玄阳药业有限公司 | Optimization method of codonopsis pilosula seeds |
| CN114982560A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 河北双星种业股份有限公司 | Method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower young seeds |
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| CN103430761A (en) * | 2013-09-12 | 2013-12-11 | 武汉市林业果树科学研究所 | Method for increasing seedling survival rate of mucuna sempervirens |
| CN103636312A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-19 | 王振环 | Pre-treatment method for promoting budding of mirabilis jalapa seeds by physical method |
| CN103636311A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-19 | 王振环 | Pretreatment method for accelerating germination of xanthium sibiricum seeds by physical method |
| CN103636310A (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2014-03-19 | 王振环 | Pre-treatment method of promoting gingko biloba seeds to bud by physical method |
| CN104429580A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-03-25 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Green palm seed seedling raising method |
| CN105594500A (en) * | 2015-11-11 | 2016-05-25 | 贵州大自然科技股份有限公司 | Palm container seedling culture method |
| CN105993289A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-12 | 沈阳人和机电工程设备有限公司 | Treatment method capable of increasing seed germination and growth speeds |
| CN108713365A (en) * | 2016-05-31 | 2018-10-30 | 肖剑 | A kind of Geldart-D particle applied to restoration of the ecosystem feeds pulsating seed priming device |
| CN105960887A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 哈尔滨尼亚农业有限公司 | Multifunctional seed germination accelerating device |
| CN106797824A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-06 | 宜兴市万阳苗木专业合作社 | A kind of golden larch growing nursery and culture matrix and seedling method for culturing seedlings |
| CN106954509A (en) * | 2017-03-21 | 2017-07-18 | 枞阳县弘阳园林绿化有限公司 | A kind of palm sexual reproduction method |
| CN110720276A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-01-24 | 道真自治县玄阳药业有限公司 | Optimization method of codonopsis pilosula seeds |
| CN114982560A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-09-02 | 河北双星种业股份有限公司 | Method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower young seeds |
| CN114982560B (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2024-04-12 | 河北双星种业股份有限公司 | Method for raising seedlings by utilizing sunflower seeds |
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