CN110476764B - Industrial paris polyphylla seedling raising method - Google Patents
Industrial paris polyphylla seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for industrially culturing seedlings of paris polyphylla, which comprises the following steps of 1) treating seeds; 2) seedling raising substrate; 3) screening the sprouted paris polyphylla; 4) seedling management; 5) managing budding; the invention improves the germination rate of the paris polyphylla seeds, the germination rate of the paris polyphylla reaches 99 percent or more, ensures the hydrophilicity of seed coats of the paris polyphylla seeds, improves the seedling rate, improves the yield and the quality of the paris polyphylla, effectively avoids economic loss caused by the bottom of the germination rate and the seedling rate, simultaneously can reduce the cost and cultivate healthy and strong seedlings. The method has the advantages of simple operation method, low cost, easy seedling culture, simple management, high germination rate, quick seedling formation and high economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, in particular to a method for industrially growing seedlings of paris polyphylla.
Background
Paris polyphylla is a perennial herb of Paris genus of Liliaceae family, and is mainly distributed in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other places in China. The rhizome is used as a medicine, has slightly cold property, bitter taste and little toxicity, is a traditional Chinese medicine variety in China, has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, relieving swelling and pain, eliminating phlegm and relieving asthma, is used for treating symptoms such as carbuncle swelling, sore throat, venomous snake bite, traumatic injury and pain, convulsion and the like, and is one of the main raw materials of Yunnan Baiyao, Gongxuening capsule and antiviral medicinal granules.
The paris polyphylla seeds have a dormancy phenomenon, the seeds need to undergo two stages of long morphological after-ripening and physiological after-ripening in the germination process, and naturally, the seedlings can emerge in 18-22 months, the rate of emergence is also low, and the rate of emergence is less than 1%. At present, the artificial seedling raising of the paris polyphylla mainly comprises two methods of seed seedling raising and rhizome cutting seedling raising, although the seedling raising period of the rhizome cutting seedling raising is short, the seedling cost is high, the seedling rate is low, and the large-scale artificial cultivation of the paris polyphylla is not facilitated; although the seed seedling raising cost is low, the seedling raising emergence rate is quite low by applying the traditional method. Therefore, how to improve the germination rate, the emergence rate and the survival rate becomes a key technology for raising seedlings of paris polyphylla seeds.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for industrially culturing seedlings of paris polyphylla.
The scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for industrially culturing seedlings of Paris polyphylla comprises the following steps:
1) seed treatment: mixing mature Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds with sterilized chicken manure and honey, fully sleeping for 20-30 days in an environment with humidity of 30-80% and temperature of 18-28 ℃, then cleaning the Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds, and soaking the cleaned Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds in honey water for 1.5-2 hours;
2) Seedling raising substrate and germination acceleration: uniformly mixing the soaked paris polyphylla seeds with a seedling culture substrate, and then pouring 0.5% lime water solution once; accelerating germination at the temperature of 18-24 ℃;
3) screening the sprouted Yunnan rhizoma paridis: more than 70% of paris polyphylla seeds germinate, the germs grow to 1-2 mm, washing is carried out by water, the paris polyphylla seeds with the germination length of more than 1 mm are respectively planted in seedling culture hole trays with 21 holes, and the paris polyphylla seeds which can not reach 1 mm or can not see the germs are put into the seedling culture substrate in the step 2) again for germination acceleration;
4) and (3) management of the germinated seeds: after seeds of the paris polyphylla, which germinate more than 1 mm, are planted in the seedling raising hole tray, a fine soil layer with the thickness of 1.5-2.2 cm is covered on the seeds, a pine needle layer is covered, a small plastic arched shed is built, the height of the small plastic arched shed is 50 cm, the width of the small plastic arched shed is 1.2 m, a shade shed is built above the soil moisture surface of the small plastic arched shed, the height of the shade shed is 1.8-2.4 m, and the shade degree is 40-60%;
5) and (3) sprouting management: controlling the temperature of the paris polyphylla after germination to be 18-22 ℃, watering clear water every 10-15 days in the first month of germination, watering with fertilizer water after three months, applying on a thin-applying duty, normally applying organic fertilizer after two years, covering a shading shed on a seedling culture tray of the paris polyphylla seeds 8-12 days after the spring of the lunar calendar reaches the white dew section of the lunar calendar in the initial stage of planting, removing the shading shed between 8-12 days after the white dew section of the lunar calendar and the spring of the lunar calendar in the second year, and transplanting the paris polyphylla seedlings with soil into a planting field for management after the circulation is carried out to the fourth year.
As a preferred technical scheme, the feeding proportion of the seeds of the paris polyphylla, the chicken manure and the honey in the step 1 is 1:1.5:0.15, and the chicken manure is fermented chicken manure.
As a preferable technical scheme, the seedling raising substrate in the step 3) comprises sterile red soil, broad-leaved forest humus, chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure, plant ash, lime, tartary buckwheat seed shells, attapulgite and silt with a feeding ratio of 1:7:1:1:1:1: 0.5:0.02:1.5, and is subjected to high-pressure high-temperature sterilization and deinsectization treatment, and then is uniformly stirred at normal temperature.
As a preferable technical scheme, the humus soil under the broad-leaved forest is fermented for more than half a year.
As a preferable technical scheme, the thickness of the pine needle layer in the step 4) is 2-5 cm or the pine needles are covered until no fine soil layer is found, and the length of the pine needles in the pine needle layer is less than or equal to 20 mm.
As a preferable technical scheme, the seedling raising substrate in the step 3) comprises humus soil, sand, buckwheat hulls, chicken manure and sheep manure in a feeding ratio of 6:3:0.2:0.2:0.6, and is subjected to high-pressure high-temperature sterilization and deinsectization treatment, and then is uniformly stirred at normal temperature after treatment.
As a preferable technical scheme, the fertilizer water in the step 5) comprises water and a ternary compound fertilizer, and the feeding ratio of the water to the ternary compound fertilizer is 100: 0.1-2.
As a preferable technical scheme, the humidity of the seedling substrate in the step 2) is kept at 40-80%, namely the seedling substrate can be grabbed by hands and kneaded into a cluster and can be scattered after the hands are loosened.
As a preferable technical scheme, the deinsectization is carried out in time when the insects appear in the step 5), and the biological bactericide is sprayed.
As a preferred technical scheme, the paris polyphylla seeds are cleaned after dormancy in the step 1), and the water temperature for cleaning is 20-22 ℃.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the method for industrially culturing the seedlings of the paris polyphylla comprises the following steps of 1) seed treatment: mixing mature Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds with sterilized chicken manure and honey, fully sleeping for 20-30 days in an environment with humidity of 30-80% and temperature of 18-28 ℃, then cleaning the Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds, and soaking the cleaned Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds in honey water for 1.5-2 hours; 2) seedling raising substrate and germination acceleration: uniformly mixing the soaked paris polyphylla seeds with a seedling culture substrate, and then pouring 0.5% lime water solution once; accelerating germination at the temperature of 18-24 ℃; 3) screening the sprouted Yunnan rhizoma paridis: more than 70% of paris polyphylla seeds germinate, the germs grow to 1-2 mm, washing is carried out by water, the paris polyphylla seeds with the germination length of more than 1 mm are respectively planted in seedling culture hole trays with 21 holes, and the paris polyphylla seeds which can not reach 1 mm or can not see the germs are put into the seedling culture substrate in the step 2) again for germination acceleration; 4) and (3) management of the germinated seeds: after seeds of the paris polyphylla, which germinate more than 1 mm, are planted in the seedling raising hole tray, a fine soil layer with the thickness of 1.5-2.2 cm is covered on the seeds, a pine needle layer is covered, a small plastic arched shed is built, the height of the small plastic arched shed is 50 cm, the width of the small plastic arched shed is 1.2 m, a shade shed is built above the soil moisture surface of the small plastic arched shed, the height of the shade shed is 1.8-2.4 m, and the shade degree is 40-60%; 5) and (3) sprouting management: controlling the temperature of the paris polyphylla after germination to be 18-22 ℃, watering clear water every 10-15 days in the first month of germination, watering with fertilizer water after three months, applying on a thin-applying duty, normally applying organic fertilizer after two years, covering a shading shed on a seedling culture tray of the paris polyphylla seeds 8-12 days after the spring of the lunar calendar reaches the white dew section of the lunar calendar in the initial stage of planting, removing the shading shed between 8-12 days after the white dew section of the lunar calendar and the spring of the lunar calendar in the second year, and transplanting the paris polyphylla seedlings with soil into a planting field for management after the circulation is carried out to the fourth year.
The invention has the advantages that:
firstly, the invention improves the germination rate of the paris polyphylla seeds, improves the germination rate of the paris polyphylla seeds to 99 percent, can ensure the hydrophilicity of seed coats of the paris polyphylla seeds, improves the yield and the quality of the paris polyphylla, shortens the germination period, improves the seedling rate of the germinated paris polyphylla, effectively avoids economic loss caused by the bottom of the germination rate and the seedling rate, and simultaneously can reduce the cost, has simple operation and high economic benefit.
Detailed Description
In order to make up for the above deficiencies, the invention provides a method for industrially culturing seedlings of paris polyphylla, which solves the problems in the background technology.
A method for industrially culturing seedlings of Paris polyphylla comprises the following steps:
1) seed treatment: mixing mature Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds with sterilized chicken manure and honey, fully sleeping for 20-30 days in an environment with humidity of 30-80% and temperature of 18-28 ℃, then cleaning the Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds, and soaking the cleaned Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds in honey water for 1.5-2 hours;
2) seedling raising substrate and germination acceleration: uniformly mixing the soaked paris polyphylla seeds with a seedling culture substrate, and then pouring 0.5% lime water solution once; accelerating germination at the temperature of 18-24 ℃;
3) Screening the sprouted Yunnan rhizoma paridis: more than 70% of paris polyphylla seeds germinate, the germs grow to 1-2 mm, washing is carried out by water, the paris polyphylla seeds with the germination length of more than 1 mm are respectively planted in seedling culture hole trays with 21 holes, and the paris polyphylla seeds which can not reach 1 mm or can not see the germs are put into the seedling culture substrate in the step 2) again for germination acceleration;
4) and (3) management of the germinated seeds: after seeds of the paris polyphylla, which germinate more than 1 mm, are planted in the seedling raising hole tray, a fine soil layer with the thickness of 1.5-2.2 cm is covered on the seeds, a pine needle layer is covered, a small plastic arched shed is built, the height of the small plastic arched shed is 50 cm, the width of the small plastic arched shed is 1.2 m, a shade shed is built above the soil moisture surface of the small plastic arched shed, the height of the shade shed is 1.8-2.4 m, and the shade degree is 40-60%;
5) and (3) sprouting management: controlling the temperature of the paris polyphylla after germination to be 18-22 ℃, watering clear water every 10-15 days in the first month of germination, watering with fertilizer water after three months, applying on a thin-applying duty, normally applying organic fertilizer after two years, covering a shading shed on a seedling culture tray of the paris polyphylla seeds 8-12 days after the spring of the lunar calendar reaches the white dew section of the lunar calendar in the initial stage of planting, removing the shading shed between 8-12 days after the white dew section of the lunar calendar and the spring of the lunar calendar in the second year, and transplanting the paris polyphylla seedlings with soil into a planting field for management after the circulation is carried out to the fourth year.
In the step 1, the feeding proportion of the paris polyphylla seeds, the chicken manure and the honey is 1:1.5:0.15, and the chicken manure is fermented.
The seedling raising substrate in the step 3) comprises sterile red soil, broad-leaved forest humus, chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure, plant ash, lime, tartary buckwheat seed shells, attapulgite and silt, the feeding ratio of the materials is 1:7:1:1:1:1:1:0.5:0.02:1.5, high-pressure high-temperature sterilization and deinsectization treatment are carried out, and the materials are uniformly stirred at normal temperature after the treatment.
The humus soil under the broad-leaved forest is fermented for more than half a year.
The thickness of the pine needle layer in the step 4) is 2-5 cm or the pine needles are covered until no fine soil layer is found, and the length of the pine needles in the pine needle layer is less than or equal to 20 mm.
The seedling raising substrate in the step 3) comprises humus soil, sand, buckwheat hulls, chicken manure and sheep manure, the feeding ratio is 6:3:0.2:0.2:0.6, high-pressure high-temperature sterilization and deinsectization treatment are carried out, and the treated materials are uniformly stirred at normal temperature.
And (3) in the step 5), the fertilizer water comprises water and the ternary compound fertilizer, and the feeding ratio of the water to the ternary compound fertilizer is 100: 0.1-2.
The humidity of the seedling raising substrate in the step 2) is kept at 40-80%, namely the seedling raising substrate can be grabbed by hands, can be kneaded into a cluster and can be scattered after being loosened by the hands.
And 5) killing insects in time when insects appear in the step 5), and spraying biological bactericide.
After the dormancy in the step 1) is completed, the paris polyphylla seeds are cleaned, and the water temperature for cleaning is 20-22 ℃.
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example 1:
1) seed treatment: mixing the ripe Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds with the sterilized chicken manure and honey, wherein the Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds: chicken manure: the honey proportion is 1:1.5:0.15, the Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome is fully dormant for 20 days under the environment of 30% humidity and 18 ℃, then the Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome seeds are cleaned, and the cleaned Yunnan manyleaf paris rhizome seeds are soaked in honey water for 1.5 hours;
2) seedling raising substrate and germination acceleration: uniformly mixing the soaked paris polyphylla seeds with a matrix, and then pouring 0.5% lime water solution once; keeping the humidity of the seedling substrate at 40%, and accelerating germination at 18 ℃;
3) screening the sprouted Yunnan rhizoma paridis: more than 70% of paris polyphylla seeds germinate, the germs grow to 1-2 mm, washing is carried out by water, the paris polyphylla seeds with the germination length of more than 1 mm are respectively planted in seedling culture hole trays with 21 holes, and the paris polyphylla seeds which can not reach 1 mm or can not see the germs are continuously placed in a seedling culture substrate for germination acceleration;
4) And (3) management of the germinated seeds: after the seeds of the paris polyphylla which germinate more than 1 mm are planted in the seedling raising hole tray, covering a fine soil layer of 1.5 cm on the seeds, covering a pine needle layer of 2 cm in thickness, building a plastic small arched shed with the height of 30 cm, the width of 1.2 m and the length, building a shade shed above the soil moisture surface of the plastic small arched shed, the height of 1.8 m and the shade degree of 40 percent;
5) and (3) sprouting management: controlling the temperature of the paris polyphylla after germination to be 18 ℃, watering soaking water every 10 days in the first month of germination, watering with fertilizer water after three months, applying on a thin layer, normally applying organic fertilizer after two years, covering a sunshade on a seedling tray of the paris polyphylla seeds 8 days after the lunar solar spring reaches the lunar solar white dew section in the initial stage of planting, removing the sunshade between 8 days after the lunar solar white dew section and the lunar solar spring in the second year, and transplanting the paris polyphylla seedlings with soil into a planting field for management after the circulation is carried out to the fourth year.
In the step 1, the feeding proportion of the paris polyphylla seeds, the chicken manure and the honey is 1:1.5:0.15, and the chicken manure is fermented.
The humus soil under the broad-leaved forest is fermented for more than half a year.
The length of the pine needles in the pine needle layer is less than or equal to 20 mm.
The seedling raising substrate in the step 3) comprises humus soil, sand, buckwheat hulls, chicken manure and sheep manure, the feeding ratio is 6:3:0.2:0.2:0.6, high-pressure high-temperature sterilization and deinsectization treatment are carried out, and the treated materials are uniformly stirred at normal temperature.
And (3) in the step 5), the fertilizer water comprises water and the ternary compound fertilizer, and the feeding ratio of the water to the ternary compound fertilizer is 100: 0.1.
Namely, the seedling substrate can be grabbed by hands and kneaded into a ball, and can be scattered after being loosened by hands.
And 5) killing insects in time when insects appear in the step 5), and spraying biological bactericide.
After the dormancy in the step 1) is finished, the paris polyphylla seeds are cleaned, and the water temperature for cleaning is 20 ℃.
Example 2:
1) seed treatment: mixing mature Yunnan rhizoma paridis seed with sterilized chicken manure and honey, fully sleeping for 30 days under the environment of 80% humidity and 28 ℃, then cleaning the Yunnan rhizoma paridis seed, and soaking the cleaned Yunnan rhizoma paridis seed in honey water for 2 h;
2) seedling raising substrate and germination acceleration: uniformly mixing the soaked paris polyphylla seeds with a seedling culture substrate, and then pouring 0.5% lime water solution once; keeping the humidity of the seedling substrate at 80%, and accelerating germination at 24 ℃;
3) screening the sprouted Yunnan rhizoma paridis: more than 70 percent of Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds germinate, the germs grow to 1 mm, water is used for washing, the Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds with the germination length of more than 1 mm are respectively planted into seedling culture hole trays with 21 holes, and the Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds which can not reach 1 mm or can not see the germs are continuously put into a seedling culture substrate for germination acceleration;
4) And (3) management of the germinated seeds: after seeds of the paris polyphylla sprouting more than 1 mm are planted in the seedling raising hole tray, covering a fine soil layer of 2.2 cm on the seeds, covering a pine needle layer of 5 cm in thickness, building a plastic small arched shed with the height of 40 cm, the width of 1.2 m and the length, building a shade shed above the soil moisture surface of the built plastic small arched shed, wherein the height of the shade shed is 2.4 m, and the shade degree is 60%;
5) and (3) sprouting management: controlling the temperature of the paris polyphylla after germination to be 22 ℃, watering soaking water every 15 days in the first month of germination, watering with fertilizer water after three months, applying on a thin layer, normally applying organic fertilizer after two years, covering a sunshade on a seedling tray of the paris polyphylla seeds 8 days after the spring division of the lunar calendar to the white dew section of the lunar calendar in the initial stage of planting, removing the sunshade between 12 days after the white dew section of the lunar calendar and the spring of the lunar calendar in the second year, and transplanting the paris polyphylla seedlings with soil into a planting field for management after the circulation is carried out to the fourth year.
In the step 1, the feeding proportion of the paris polyphylla seeds, the chicken manure and the honey is 1:1.5:0.15, and the chicken manure is fermented.
The humus soil under the broad-leaved forest is fermented for more than half a year.
The length of the pine needles in the pine needle layer is less than or equal to 20 mm.
The seedling raising substrate in the step 3) comprises humus soil, sand, buckwheat hulls, chicken manure and sheep manure, the feeding ratio is 6:3:0.2:0.2:0.6, high-pressure high-temperature sterilization and deinsectization treatment are carried out, and the treated materials are uniformly stirred at normal temperature.
And (3) in the step 5), the fertilizer water comprises water and the ternary compound fertilizer, and the feeding ratio of the water to the ternary compound fertilizer is 100: 2.
Namely, the seedling substrate can be grabbed by hands and kneaded into a ball, and can be scattered after being loosened by hands.
And 5) killing insects in time when insects appear in the step 5), and spraying biological bactericide.
After the dormancy in the step 1) is finished, the paris polyphylla seeds are cleaned, and the water temperature for cleaning is 22 ℃.
Example 3:
1) seed treatment: mixing mature Yunnan rhizoma paridis seed with sterilized chicken manure and honey, fully dormancy for 22 days under 45% humidity and 24 deg.C, then cleaning Yunnan rhizoma paridis seed, soaking cleaned Yunnan rhizoma paridis seed in honey water for 1.8 h;
2) seedling raising substrate and germination acceleration: uniformly mixing the soaked paris polyphylla seeds with a matrix, and then pouring 0.5% lime water solution once; maintaining the humidity of the substrate at 42%, and accelerating germination at 22 deg.C;
3) screening the sprouted Yunnan rhizoma paridis: more than 70 percent of Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds germinate, the germs grow to 1 mm, water is used for washing, the Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds with the germination length of more than 1 mm are respectively planted into seedling culture hole trays with 21 holes, and the Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds which can not reach 1 mm or can not see the germs are continuously put into a seedling culture substrate for germination acceleration;
4) And (3) management of the germinated seeds: after seeds of the paris polyphylla sprouting more than 1 mm are planted in the seedling raising hole tray, covering a fine soil layer with the thickness of 1.8 cm on the seeds, covering a pine needle layer with the thickness of 3 cm, building a plastic small arched shed with the height of 3.2 cm and the width of 1.2 m, and determining the length situation, building a shade shed above the soil moisture surface of the plastic small arched shed, wherein the height of the shade shed is 2 m, and the shade degree is 55%;
5) and (3) sprouting management: controlling the temperature of the paris polyphylla after germination to be 20 ℃, watering soaking water every 12 days in the first month of germination, watering with fertilizer water after three months, applying on a thin layer, normally applying organic fertilizer after two years, covering a sunshade on a seedling tray of the paris polyphylla seeds 8 days after the spring division of the lunar calendar to the white dew section of the lunar calendar in the initial stage of planting, removing the sunshade between 10 days after the white dew section of the lunar calendar and the spring of the lunar calendar in the second year, and transplanting the paris polyphylla seedlings with soil into a planting field for management after the fourth year.
In the step 1, the feeding proportion of the paris polyphylla seeds, the chicken manure and the honey is 1:1.5:0.15, and the chicken manure is fermented.
The humus soil under the broad-leaved forest is fermented for more than half a year.
The length of the pine needles in the pine needle layer is less than or equal to 20 mm.
The seedling raising substrate in the step 3) comprises humus soil, sand, buckwheat hulls, chicken manure and sheep manure, the feeding ratio is 6:3:0.2:0.2:0.6, high-pressure high-temperature sterilization and deinsectization treatment are carried out, and the treated materials are uniformly stirred at normal temperature.
And (3) in the step 5), the fertilizer water comprises water and the ternary compound fertilizer, and the feeding ratio of the water to the ternary compound fertilizer is 100: 0.1-2.
Namely, the seedling substrate can be grabbed by hands and kneaded into a ball, and can be scattered after being loosened by hands.
And 5) killing insects in time when insects appear in the step 5), and spraying biological bactericide.
After the dormancy in the step 1) is finished, the paris polyphylla seeds are cleaned, and the water temperature for cleaning is 21 ℃.
Example 4:
1) seed treatment: mixing mature Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds with sterilized chicken manure and honey, fully sleeping for 25 days in an environment with the humidity of 60% and the temperature of 22 ℃, then cleaning the Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds, and soaking the cleaned Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds in honey water for 2 hours;
2) seedling raising substrate and germination acceleration: uniformly mixing the soaked paris polyphylla seeds with a seedling culture substrate, and then pouring 0.5% lime water solution once; the humidity of the seedling substrate is kept at 60%, and germination is carried out at the temperature of 22 ℃;
3) screening the sprouted Yunnan rhizoma paridis: more than 70% of paris polyphylla seeds germinate, the germs grow to 1-2 mm, washing is carried out by water, the paris polyphylla seeds with the germination length of more than 1 mm are respectively planted in seedling culture hole trays with 21 holes, and the paris polyphylla seeds which can not reach 1 mm or can not see the germs are put into the seedling culture substrate in the step 2) again for germination acceleration;
4) And (3) management of the germinated seeds: after seeds of the paris polyphylla, which germinate more than 1 mm, are planted in the seedling raising hole tray, a fine soil layer with the thickness of 1.5-2.2 cm is covered on the seeds, a pine needle layer is covered, a small plastic arched shed is built, the height of the small plastic arched shed is 50 cm, the width of the small plastic arched shed is 1.2 m, a shade shed is built above the soil moisture surface of the small plastic arched shed, the height of the shade shed is 1.8-2.4 m, and the shade degree is 40-60%;
5) and (3) sprouting management: controlling the temperature of the paris polyphylla after germination to be 18-22 ℃, watering clear water every 10-15 days in the first month of germination, watering with fertilizer water after three months, applying on a thin-applying duty, normally applying organic fertilizer after two years, covering a shading shed on a seedling culture tray of the paris polyphylla seeds 8-12 days after the spring of the lunar calendar reaches the white dew section of the lunar calendar in the initial stage of planting, removing the shading shed between 8-12 days after the white dew section of the lunar calendar and the spring of the lunar calendar in the second year, and transplanting the paris polyphylla seedlings with soil into a planting field for management after the circulation is carried out to the fourth year.
In the step 1, the feeding proportion of the paris polyphylla seeds, the chicken manure and the honey is 1:1.5:0.15, and the chicken manure is fermented.
The seedling raising substrate in the step 3) comprises sterile red soil, broad-leaved forest humus, chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure, plant ash, lime, tartary buckwheat seed shells, attapulgite and silt, the feeding ratio of the materials is 1:7:1:1:1:1:1:0.5:0.02:1.5, high-pressure high-temperature sterilization and deinsectization treatment are carried out, and the materials are uniformly stirred at normal temperature after the treatment.
The humus soil under the broad-leaved forest is fermented for more than half a year.
The thickness of the pine needle layer in the step 4) is 2-5 cm or the pine needles are covered until no fine soil layer is found, and the length of the pine needles in the pine needle layer is less than or equal to 20 mm.
And (3) in the step 5), the fertilizer water comprises water and the ternary compound fertilizer, and the feeding ratio of the water to the ternary compound fertilizer is 100: 0.1-2.
Namely, the seedling substrate can be grabbed by hands and kneaded into a ball, and can be scattered after being loosened by hands.
And 5) killing insects in time when insects appear in the step 5), and spraying biological bactericide.
After the dormancy in the step 1) is completed, the paris polyphylla seeds are cleaned, and the water temperature for cleaning is 20-22 ℃.
Comparative germination experiments are as follows
The test is carried out by 200 Yunnan paris polyphylla seeds
Common dry cow dung is used as nutrient soil to keep humidity, paris polyphylla seeds cannot germinate when being placed, fermented chicken manure can germinate, the germination rate is only 51 percent (102 grains germinate), only 60 percent (120 grains germinate) germinate by using sterile soil, and only 90 grains germinate by using plant ash test; the test with humus soil under broad-leaved forest shows that 150 grains germinate and the germination rate is 75 percent.
The germination rate is low when the experiment is carried out in a cold storage chamber and a freezing chamber, 200 grains are frozen for one month in each experiment, ordinary humus is put in the humus, the germination is observed only in 60 days, and 162 grains germinate after three months, and the germination rate is 80%. The seeds were refrigerated and placed in general humus soil for 200 grains for testing, 122 grains were observed to sprout in 50 days, and 179 grains germinated after 3 months, with a germination rate of 90%.
Every other year experiment is carried out by cold storage, 309 seeds are tested, after the cold storage experiment is carried out in a cold storage room for 11 months, the seeds are taken out from a refrigerator for 11 months in the next year and enter a broadleaf forest humus soil experiment, 309 seeds all germinate within 20 days, and the germination is that more than 1 mm of bud plants and bud embryos grow under the seeds of the paris polyphylla.
Two sets of 500 seeds were used in the same experiment as follows
Sterile red soil, humus soil under broad-leaved forest, chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure, plant ash, lime, tartary buckwheat seed shells, attapulgite and silt are mixed according to a weight ratio of 2:6:0.5:1:1:0.5:0.05:0.02:1:0.3, the germination rate of 1 month Chuxiong altitude experiment after seed treatment is 96%, 18 grains germinate unobviously and are rotten.
And the other group is prepared by mixing the sterile red soil, the broad-leaved forest humus, the chicken manure fermented for more than half a year, the sheep manure, the cow manure, the plant ash, the lime, the tartary buckwheat seed shells, the attapulgite and the silt according to the proportion of 1:8:1:1:1:1: 0.5:0.02: 1.5.
After 1 month of seed treatment, the altitude test of Chuxiong shows that individual germination can be seen in 25 days, and the germination rate reaches 99% after 2 months, and one seed is rotten. Seedlings emerge after 3 months and a large amount of seedlings emerge after 6 months.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. A method for industrially culturing seedlings of paris polyphylla is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) seed treatment: mixing mature Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds with sterilized chicken manure and honey, fully sleeping for 20-30 days in an environment with humidity of 30-80% and temperature of 18-28 ℃, then cleaning the Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds, and soaking the cleaned Yunnan rhizoma paridis seeds in honey water for 1.5-2 hours; in the step 1), the feeding proportion of the seeds of the paris polyphylla, the chicken manure and the honey is 1:1.5:0.15, wherein the chicken manure is fermented;
2) seedling raising substrate and germination acceleration: uniformly mixing the soaked paris polyphylla seeds with a seedling culture substrate, and then pouring 0.5% lime water solution once; accelerating germination at the temperature of 18-24 ℃;
3) Screening the sprouted Yunnan rhizoma paridis: more than 70% of paris polyphylla seeds germinate, the germs grow to 1-2 mm, washing is carried out by water, the paris polyphylla seeds with the germination length of more than 1 mm are respectively planted in seedling culture hole trays with 21 holes, and the paris polyphylla seeds which can not reach 1 mm or can not see the germs are put into the seedling culture substrate in the step 2) again for germination acceleration; the seedling raising substrate comprises sterile red soil, broad-leaved forest humus soil, chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure, plant ash, lime, tartary buckwheat seed shells, attapulgite and silt, the feeding ratio of the materials is 1:7:1:1:1:1:1:0.5:0.02:1.5, the materials are sterilized at high pressure and high temperature and are subjected to deinsectization treatment, and the materials are uniformly stirred at normal temperature after the treatment;
4) and (3) management of the germinated seeds: after seeds of the paris polyphylla, which germinate more than 1 mm, are planted in the seedling raising hole tray, a fine soil layer with the thickness of 1.5-2.2 cm is covered on the seeds, a pine needle layer is covered, a small plastic arched shed is built, the height of the small plastic arched shed is 50 cm, the width of the small plastic arched shed is 1.2 m, a shade shed is built above the soil moisture surface of the small plastic arched shed, the height of the shade shed is 1.8-2.4 m, and the shade degree is 40-60%;
5) and (3) sprouting management: controlling the temperature of the paris polyphylla after germination to be 18-22 ℃, watering clear water every 10-15 days in the first month of germination, watering with fertilizer water after three months, applying on a thin-applying duty, normally applying organic fertilizer after two years, covering a shading shed on a seedling culture tray of the paris polyphylla seeds 8-12 days after the spring of the lunar calendar reaches the white dew section of the lunar calendar in the initial stage of planting, removing the shading shed between 8-12 days after the white dew section of the lunar calendar and the spring of the lunar calendar in the second year, and transplanting the paris polyphylla seedlings with soil into a planting field for management after the circulation is carried out to the fourth year.
2. The method for raising seedlings of paris polyphylla in an industrial manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the humus soil under the broad-leaved forest is fermented for more than half a year.
3. The method for raising seedlings of paris polyphylla in an industrial manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the thickness of the pine needle layer in the step 4) is 2-5 cm or the pine needles are covered until no fine soil layer is found, and the length of the pine needles in the pine needle layer is less than or equal to 20 mm.
4. The method for raising seedlings of paris polyphylla in an industrial manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) in the step 5), the fertilizer water comprises water and the ternary compound fertilizer, and the feeding ratio of the water to the ternary compound fertilizer is 100: 0.1-2.
5. The method for raising seedlings of paris polyphylla in an industrial manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the humidity of the seedling raising substrate in the step 2) is kept at 40-80%, namely the seedling raising substrate can be grabbed by hands, can be kneaded into a cluster and can be scattered after being loosened by the hands.
6. The method for raising seedlings of paris polyphylla in an industrial manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 5) killing insects in time when insects appear in the step 5), and spraying biological bactericide.
7. The method for raising seedlings of paris polyphylla in an industrial manner as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: after the dormancy in the step 1) is completed, the paris polyphylla seeds are cleaned, and the water temperature for cleaning is 20-22 ℃.
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