CN107820777B - Method for improving germination rate of peach seeds - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the germination rate of peach seeds, which comprises the following steps: (1) seed kernel collection and preservation; (2) pretreating seeds; (3) germination and culture; (4) sowing after culturing; compared with the prior art, on one hand, the method is simple and feasible, and compared with the traditional sowing method, the germination rate is low, even the germination in every other year, the germination rate of the method can reach more than 90% in the same year, so that the germination rate is greatly improved, the planting cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved; on the other hand, by using the method, the germination rate of the peach seeds is high, the manual sowing investment is reduced, the purchase investment of seed raw materials is reduced, the cost is effectively reduced, and the benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the germination rate of peach seeds.
Background
Peach belongs to Rosaceae (Rosaceae) Prunoideae (Prunoideae) peach genus (Amygdalus), is a tree with arbors and fallen leaves, is one of the main cultivated fruit trees in China, and plays a significant role in the world. According to statistics of a department of agriculture, the peach planting area of China is 828.3 kilohectares in 2015, the yield is 1364.0 ten thousand tons, and the peach planting area and the peach yield are located at the first position of the world (http://202.127.42.157/moazzys/shuiguo _ cx. aspx). The peach fruit production is one of the important post industries for increasing income and leading to richness of farmers in China and is one of the important agricultural products for earning foreign exchange in exports in China.
Seed dormancy (Seed dormancy) refers to the phenomenon that viable seeds cannot germinate (sprout) under appropriate germination conditions (Baskin JM, Baskin CC. A classification system for Seed dormancy. Seed Sci Res,2004,14: 1-16; Finch-Savage WE, Leubner-Metzger G. Seed dormancy and the control of growth. New Phytol2006,171:501-523.), is a biological adaptability to environmental conditions and seasonal changes obtained by long-term evolution of plants, is beneficial to the preservation and the continuation of species, and most plant seeds have the dormancy property either strong or weak. On the other hand, the dormancy of seeds is disadvantageous for agricultural development and production, for example, the seeds are still dormant in the sowing season or the germination rate is difficult to be measured correctly because the seeds are dormant, and the sowing quantity and the sowing proper period are difficult to be determined.
The dormancy of the peach seeds is not timely released, so that the phenomena of low germination rate and germination every year often occur, and the normal seedling culture work is seriously influenced. Therefore, the research on the method for rapidly and effectively breaking the dormancy of the peach seeds plays an important role in scientific research and production.
Years of experimental research is carried out around the problem, and the method for improving the germination rate of peach seeds is summarized and invented aiming at the problems that the germination rate of peach seeds is low and even the germination rate is low every other year.
Disclosure of Invention
The peach seed sowing method can effectively improve the germination rate of peach seeds, is short in seed germination time and consistent in germination time, can meet the requirements of scientific research and production, solves the problems of low germination rate of peach seeds in scientific research and production and even germination every other year, and is remarkable in effect.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for improving the germination rate of peach seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed kernel collection and preservation: after the peach fruits are ripe, the fruits are collected on the same day, the pericarp of the fruits is removed, the seeds and the kernels are cleaned, spread out and placed in a shade place to be dried for about 20 to 30 hours, and then sealed and stored in a refrigerator or a cold storage at the temperature of 3 to 5 ℃ by using a plastic bag for later use;
(2) seed pretreatment: 78-82 days later, taking out the refrigerated seed core, cutting the hard outer core, removing inner seed coat, taking out the inner seed, and adding 10PPM GA3Soaking for 20-30 hours;
(3) germination and culture: uniformly and flatly paving the seeds pretreated in the step (2) in a culture dish in which 1-3 layers of wet gauze are placed, covering the culture dish with a culture dish cover, and placing the culture dish cover in an incubator for dark culture; wherein the culture is carried out repeatedly and alternately at 25 ℃ for 16 hours and 20 ℃ for 8 hours, and the humidity in the incubator is 70%;
(4) sowing after cultivation: taking out induced seeds, uniformly sowing the seeds on paved nutrient soil according to the plant row spacing of 2 multiplied by 3cm, and culturing and growing at the temperature of 20-28 ℃.
Wherein, the peach seeds in the step (1) are the nectarine seeds.
The nutrient soil is prepared by the following steps: the river sand, the turfy soil and the soil surface soil are uniformly stirred according to the proportion of 1:1:1, then the mixed soil added with a small amount of water is covered by a plastic film, and the mixture is placed under the illumination for high-temperature fermentation for 40 days to obtain the nutrient soil for seeding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical effects that:
(1) the dormancy of peach seed is a great obstacle to the breeding and seedling raising work, and the invention firstly treats the peach seed kernel at low temperature for a period of time, then removes the external hard kernel and the internal seed coat, and then uses GA with a certain concentration3The method comprises the steps of soaking in a solution, and finally culturing under a certain temperature and humidity condition, so that the technical difficulty that the dormancy of peach seeds is not easy to break is effectively solved, and the technical problems that the peach seeds are low in germination rate in the current year and even germinate in alternate years are mainly solved. Compared with the prior art, the technology is more practical and efficient, the utilization efficiency of the peach seeds is effectively improved, and the benefit is increased;
(2) the method is simple and feasible, and compared with the traditional sowing method, the germination rate is low, even the germination in every other year, the germination rate of the method can reach more than 90% in the same year, the germination rate is greatly improved, the planting cost is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved;
(3) by using the method, the germination rate of the peach seeds is high, the manual sowing investment is reduced, the purchasing investment of seed raw materials is reduced, the cost is effectively reduced, and the benefit is improved;
(4) by using the method, the seedling forming speed is high, and the seedlings can be formed in the same year. By the spring of the second year, when the peach kernels are just sown by the traditional method, the height of the peach seedlings bred by the method can reach more than 50 cm;
(5) the germination rate is undoubtedly very important for scientific research and breeding work aiming at obtaining more progeny plants as much as possible, and the method can effectively improve the germination rate, which has important significance for scientific research and breeding work.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing germination of seeds after 10 days of culture in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing germination of comparative example 3 after 10 days of seed culture;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing germination of comparative example 2 after 10 days of seed culture;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing germination of comparative example 1 after 10 days of seed culture.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the embodiment as follows:
example 1
A method for improving the germination rate of peach seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting and storing peach seed kernels:
collecting the fruits of peaches after the fruits of the peaches are ripe, peeling off the peels of the peaches by a knife or sealing the fruits, naturally rotting the pulps at room temperature (20-25 ℃), cleaning the seeds and the kernels of the peaches by a brush, spreading the seeds and the kernels in a shade place, filling a water-absorbent hardboard or waste newspaper on the lower surface of the seeds and the kernels, airing the seeds and the kernels for 20 hours, turning the seeds and the kernels in the middle of the seeds and the kernels for one time, sealing and storing the seeds and the kernels by a plastic bag after airing, and placing;
(2) seed pretreatment:
after treatment at low temperature (3 deg.C) for 78 days, the cold-stored seed core is removed, the hard core and inner seed coat are removed, and 10PPM G is addedA3Soaking for 20 hours;
(3) germination and culture:
evenly tiling the seed after step (2) preliminary treatment in the culture dish of having placed 1 layer of wet gauze, go up the lid culture dish lid, place in the incubator dark culture, temperature control is: 16 hours at 25 ℃; controlling the humidity at about 70% at 20 ℃ for 8 hours, and timely replenishing water according to the water content of the gauze every day, wherein the water content of the gauze is enough, but the gauze is lifted without connecting line to flow water;
(4) seeding after cultivation
The induced seeds are taken out, uniformly sowed on the paved nutrient soil according to the plant row spacing of 2 multiplied by 3cm, covered with 1.3cm of nutrient soil, watered with water on the soles to keep the soil humidity at about 75 percent, and cultured and grown under the condition of normal temperature of about 25 ℃.
Example 2
A method for improving the germination rate of peach seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting and storing peach seed kernels:
collecting the fruits of peaches after the fruits of the peaches are ripe, peeling off the peels of the peaches by a knife or sealing the fruits, naturally rotting the pulps at room temperature (20-25 ℃), cleaning the seeds and kernels of the peaches by a brush, spreading the seeds and kernels in a shade place, filling a water-absorbent hardboard or waste newspaper on the lower surface of the seeds and kernels, airing the seeds and kernels for 25 hours, turning the seeds and kernels in the middle of the seeds and kernels once, sealing and storing the seeds and kernels of the peaches by a plastic bag after airing, and placing the seeds and kernels in a;
(2) seed pretreatment:
after 80 days of low temperature (4 ℃), the cold-stored seed cores are removed, the hard cores and the inner seed coats are removed, and 10PPM GA is used3Soaking for 25 hours;
(3) germination and culture:
evenly tiling the seed after step (2) preliminary treatment in the culture dish of having placed 2 layers of wet gauze, go up the lid culture dish lid, place in the incubator dark culture, temperature control is: 16 hours at 25 ℃; controlling the humidity at about 70% at 20 ℃ for 8 hours, and timely replenishing water according to the water content of the gauze every day, wherein the water content of the gauze is enough, but the gauze is lifted without connecting line to flow water;
(4) seeding after cultivation
The induced seeds are taken out, uniformly sowed on the paved nutrient soil according to the plant-row spacing of 2 multiplied by 3cm, covered with 1.1cm of nutrient soil, watered with water on the soles to keep the soil humidity at about 75 percent, and cultured and grown under the condition of normal temperature of about 25 ℃.
Example 3
A method for improving the germination rate of peach seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting and storing peach seed kernels:
collecting the fruits of peaches after the fruits of the peaches are ripe, peeling off the peels of the peaches by a knife or sealing the fruits, naturally rotting the pulps at room temperature (20-25 ℃), cleaning the seeds and kernels of the peaches by a brush, spreading the seeds and kernels in a shade place, filling a water-absorbent hardboard or waste newspaper on the lower surface of the seeds and kernels, airing the seeds and kernels for 30 hours, turning the seeds and kernels in the middle of the seeds and kernels once, sealing and storing the seeds and kernels of the peaches by a plastic bag after airing, and placing the seeds and kernels in a;
(2) seed pretreatment:
after 82 days of low temperature (5 ℃), the cold-stored seed cores are removed, the hard cores and the inner seed coats are removed, and 10PPM GA is used3Soaking for 30 hours;
(3) germination and culture:
evenly tiling the seed after step (2) preliminary treatment in the culture dish of having placed 3 layers of wet gauze, go up the lid culture dish lid, place in the incubator dark culture, temperature control is: 16 hours at 25 ℃; controlling the humidity at about 70% at 20 ℃ for 8 hours, and timely replenishing water according to the water content of the gauze every day, wherein the water content of the gauze is enough, but the gauze is lifted without connecting line to flow water;
(4) seeding after cultivation
The induced seeds are taken out, uniformly sowed on the paved nutrient soil according to the plant row spacing of 2 multiplied by 3cm, covered with 1.5cm of nutrient soil, watered with water on the soles to keep the soil humidity at about 75 percent, and cultured and grown under the condition of normal temperature of about 25 ℃.
Comparative example 1
A method for improving the germination rate of peach seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed kernel collection and preservation:
collecting the fruits of peaches after the fruits of the peaches are ripe, peeling off the peels of the peaches by a knife or sealing the fruits, naturally rotting the pulps at room temperature (20-25 ℃), cleaning the seeds and kernels of the peaches by a brush, spreading the seeds and kernels in a shade place, filling a water-absorbent hardboard or waste newspaper on the lower surface of the seeds and kernels, airing the seeds and kernels for 20 hours, turning the seeds and kernels in the middle of the seeds and kernels once, sealing and storing the seeds and kernels of the peaches by a plastic bag after airing, and placing the seeds and kernels in a;
(2) seed pretreatment:
treating at low temperature for 80 days, taking out the cold-stored seed core, and adding 10PPM GA3Soaking for 24 hours;
(3) germination and culture:
uniformly sowing the seeds pretreated in the step (2) on paved nutrient soil according to the plant row spacing of 2 multiplied by 3cm, covering the nutrient soil by 1.5cm, watering the soles to keep the soil humidity at about 75%, and culturing and growing at the normal temperature of about 25 ℃.
Comparative example 2
A method for improving the germination rate of peach seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) seed kernel collection and preservation:
collecting the fruits of peaches after the fruits of the peaches are ripe, peeling off the peels of the peaches by a knife or sealing the fruits, naturally rotting the pulps at room temperature (20-25 ℃), cleaning the seeds and kernels of the peaches by a brush, spreading the seeds and kernels in a shade place, filling a water-absorbent hardboard or waste newspaper on the lower surface of the seeds and kernels, airing the seeds and kernels for 20 hours, turning the seeds and kernels in the middle of the seeds and kernels once, sealing and storing the seeds and kernels of the peaches by a plastic bag after airing, and placing the seeds and kernels in a;
(2) seed pretreatment:
treating at low temperature for 80 days, taking out the refrigerated seed core, cutting the hard core, taking out the seed, and treating with 10PPM GA3Soaking for 24 hours;
(3) germination and culture:
uniformly and flatly paving the seeds pretreated in the step (2) in a culture dish with 2 layers of wet gauze, covering the culture dish with a culture dish cover, and placing the culture dish cover in an incubator for dark culture; wherein the culture is carried out at 25 ℃ for 16 hours, then at 20 ℃ for 8 hours, the humidity in the incubator is 70%, the moisture content of the gauze is considered every 2 days, the moisture is supplemented in time, and the gauze contains enough moisture and the gauze is lifted without connecting lines to flow water;
(4) seeding after cultivation
The induced seeds are taken out, uniformly sowed on the paved nutrient soil according to the plant row spacing of 2 multiplied by 3cm, covered with 1.3cm of nutrient soil, watered with water on the soles to keep the soil humidity at about 75 percent, and cultured and grown under the condition of normal temperature of about 25 ℃.
Comparative example 3
A method for improving the germination rate of peach seeds comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting and storing peach seed kernels:
collecting the fruits of peaches after the fruits of the peaches are ripe, peeling off the peels of the peaches by a knife or sealing the fruits, naturally rotting the pulps at room temperature (20-25 ℃), cleaning the seeds and the kernels of the peaches by a brush, spreading the seeds and the kernels in a shade place, filling a water-absorbent hardboard or waste newspaper on the lower surface of the seeds and the kernels, airing the seeds and the kernels for 20 hours, turning the seeds and the kernels in the middle of the seeds and the kernels for one time, sealing and storing the seeds and the kernels by a plastic bag after airing, and placing;
(2) seed pretreatment:
treating at low temperature (3 deg.C) for 78 days, taking out the refrigerated seed core, removing hard core and inner seed coat, and soaking in clear water for 24 hr;
(3) germination and culture:
evenly tiling the seed after step (2) preliminary treatment in the culture dish of having placed 1 layer of wet gauze, go up the lid culture dish lid, place in the incubator dark culture, temperature control is: 16 hours at 25 ℃; controlling the humidity at about 70% at 20 ℃ for 8 hours, and timely replenishing water according to the water content of the gauze every day, wherein the water content of the gauze is enough, but the gauze is lifted without connecting line to flow water;
(4) seeding after cultivation
The induced seeds are taken out, uniformly sowed on the paved nutrient soil according to the plant row spacing of 2 multiplied by 3cm, covered with 1.3cm of nutrient soil, watered with water on the soles to keep the soil humidity at about 75 percent, and cultured and grown under the condition of normal temperature of about 25 ℃.
Experiment one: statistics are carried out on the germination rates of the peach seeds cultured in the above examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3, and the results are as follows:
TABLE 1 seed germination Rate after different treatments (unit:%)
As can be seen from table 1 above: by adopting the technical measures, the germination rate of the peach seeds is high (more than 90%), the germination time is short, the germination time is consistent, and the advantages are obvious compared with other methods.
Experiment two: GA of different concentrations3The immersion treatment experiment of (1):
1. after 80 days of low temperature treatment of the peach seed kernels of example 1, the outer hard kernels and the inner seed coats were removed, the seeds were removed, and then washed with clean water (CK control) or GA at different concentrations, respectively3The solution was soaked for 24 hours, then evenly spread in a petri dish with wet gauze, covered with a petri dish cover, and placed in an incubator for dark culture (temperature controlled at 25 ℃,16 hours, 20 ℃,8 hours; humidity controlled at about 70%), and after 14 days, the germination rate was counted, and the results are shown in Table 2 below:
TABLE 2 Germination statistics after seed treatment without endopleura
The results of the experiments show that 10PPM GA is used3And soaking to obtain the highest seed germination rate.
2. After 80 days of low-temperature treatment of the seed nuclei of comparative example 1, clear water (CK control) or GA at different concentrations were used respectively3Soaking in the solution for 24 hr, and sowing in prepared nutrient soil. After 20 days, the germination rate was counted and the results are shown in Table 3 below:
TABLE 3 Germination Rate statistics after treatment of seeds with external scleroses
The results of the experiments show that 10PPM GA is used3The germination rate is the highest, but the germination of the peach kernels is seriously hindered by the external hard kernels, so that the total germination rate is not high.
2. After the seeds of comparative example 2 were cryogenically treated for 80 days, the outer hard cores were cut, the seeds were removed, and then clear water (CK control) or GA at different concentrations were used respectively3Soaking for 24 hr, spreading in a culture dish with wet gauze, covering with a cover, dark culturing in incubator at 25 deg.C for 16 hr, 20 deg.C for 8 hr, and humidity for 70%, and counting germination percentage after 14 days. The results are given in Table 4 below:
TABLE 4 statistics of germination rates after treatment of seeds with inner seed coat
The results of the experiments show that 10PPM GA is used3And soaking, the seed germination rate is highest, and the method is most suitable for accelerating germination.
In addition, as can be seen in FIGS. 1-4: FIG. 1 shows that 6 radicles of 8 peach seeds without inner seed coat have grown out, the length of the radicles reaches more than 2mm, and the other one of the radicles also has sprouted; FIG. 2 shows that no germination is observed in 8 peach seeds when seeds without the inner seed coat are soaked in clear water; FIG. 3 shows that 4 of 8 peach seeds with inner seed coat have grown and the length reaches more than 2 mm; FIG. 4 shows the seeds with outer seeds, and no germination was observed in all the planted peaches.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for improving the germination rate of peach seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) seed kernel collection and preservation: after the peach fruits are ripe, collecting the fruits on the same day, removing peels, cleaning seeds, spreading the seeds on a shade place, airing for 20-30 hours, and then sealing and storing the seeds in a refrigerator or a cold storage at 3-5 ℃ by using a plastic bag for later use;
(2) seed pretreatment: taking out the refrigerated seed core after 78-82 days, cutting the outer hard core, removing inner seed coat, taking out the inner seed, and adding 10PPM GA3Soaking for 20-30 hours;
(3) germination and culture: uniformly and flatly paving the seeds pretreated in the step (2) in a culture dish in which 1-3 layers of wet gauze are placed, covering the culture dish with a culture dish cover, and placing the culture dish cover in an incubator for dark culture; wherein the culture is carried out repeatedly and alternately at 25 ℃ for 16 hours and 20 ℃ for 8 hours, and the humidity in the incubator is 70%;
(4) sowing after cultivation: taking out induced seeds, uniformly sowing the seeds on paved nutrient soil according to the plant row spacing of 2 multiplied by 3cm, and culturing and growing at the temperature of 20-28 ℃;
wherein the nutrient soil is prepared from the following components: the river sand, the turfy soil and the soil surface soil are uniformly stirred according to the proportion of 1:1:1, then the mixed soil added with a small amount of water is covered by a plastic film, and the mixture is placed under the illumination for high-temperature fermentation for 40 days to obtain the nutrient soil for seeding.
2. The method for improving germination rate of peach seeds according to claim 1, wherein the peach seeds are nectarine seeds.
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