CN102893802A - Seedling strengthening method for rapidly cultivating cured tobacco seedlings by curing barns - Google Patents
Seedling strengthening method for rapidly cultivating cured tobacco seedlings by curing barns Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
As tobaccos are photophilous plants, when being lack of light, tobacco plants grow slowly and are slim and fragile, and leaves are large and thin. The main influences of the light lack on growth of cured tobaccos in seedbed periodare that stems become thin, the leaves reduce, the speed of leafing is low, the ratio of length to width of the leaves is increased, the biomass liveweight decreases, and the growth period is prolonged. In order to overcome the obstacle of 'low temperature and rare light' in the cultivation of seedlings in Hunan in winter, the invention provides a technology capable of cultivating strong seedlings of the cured tobaccos rapidly without being restricted by climate factors in winter. The technology is implemented by idle curing barns in a seedling baking workshop, and takes LED (light-emitting diode) lamps and daylight lamps with different wavelengths and ratios as light sources. By virtue of the technology, the seedling cultivation period can be shortened greatly and specifically can be shortened to 30 days from 90 days, thus the requirement on manual work is alleviated greatly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to modern culture technique field, relate to the method that a kind of simple and fast is cultivated tobacco seedling, be specifically related to a kind of barn and be incubated the irradiation quickly breeding flue-cured tobacco method in strong sprout.
Background technology
Growing seedlings is one of key technology of leaf tobacco production, and cultivating of the right age strong sprout is to ensure that nourish and grow in cigarette strain land for growing field crops and the important foundation of maturing stage tobacco production and value amount.
Tobacco is Solanaceae annual herb plant, the nearly kind more than 60 of Nicotiana, but really for the manufacture of cigarette and pipe tobacco, substantially only have safflower tobacco, and also have in addition small part to use Aztec tobacco, other kinds are seldom used.The area is mainly planted by China the areas such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Henan, Fujian, Shaanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilungkiang.
Current tobacco planting is distributed in Hills more, disperses plantation take peasant household as unit.Owing to limited by technical merit, institute educates that tobacco seedling growth is uneven, and transplanting time prolongs, and grown in field is inconsistent, affect Maturity of Tobacco Leaf, and tobacco leaf picking is given birth to or be overdone, occurs roasting bad, roasting blue or green phenomenon in the bake process, restricts the raising of baking quality of tobacco.The test of booth intensive seedling production, demonstration have been carried out in various places, obtain better effects.It has remedied the conventional seedbed system Shortcomings, and tobacco seedling growth is neat, healthy and strong, goes back after the transplanting that seedling is fast, growth potential is strong, has promoted the harmony of grown in field.
From the one-tenth of floating seedlings mode originally, although the floating seedlings mode has increased the input of the materials of growing seedlings such as booth, but the unit seedlings growing area greatly reduces than Nutrition Soil seedling raising manners, the labour intensity of recruitment aspect floating seedlings and workload are more than the Nutrition Soil minimizing of growing seedlings, and technology is easy to grasp and the characteristics such as operation make intensive, batch production flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating become possibility, the cover floating seedlings technology that just should study and sum up at present is ripe, can adapt with current cured tobacco production technology.
Floating seedlings is advanced seedling growing process, compares with traditional seedling-cultivating method, and the advantage of floating seedlings is mainly reflected in following three aspects:
(1) the floating seedlings technology has been broken away from the constraint of soil media, has reduced the generation of soil-borne disease.The place of growing seedlings is hedged off from the outer world by plastic tunnel, establishment and stop importing into and harm of germ, insect, weeds, extraneous pest.Floating seedlings has seedlings and soil to compare as a kind of health care seedling raising manners with tradition, for cultivating the High Quality Tobacco seedling, reduces the harm such as bacterial wilt, balck shank, nematodosis, common mosaic, has played vital effect.
(2) the floating seedlings technology can shorten nursery stage, and cigarette shoot root system is flourishing, and growth is neat, and the field-transplanting adaptive faculty is strong.Adopt the floating seedlings technology can make the cigarette seedling from germinateing to the conditions of growth and development advolution in the stage of transplanting, cigarette seedling growing way uniformity has improved the regularity of cigarette seedling; Can impel cigarette shoot root system flourishing, early growth and quick tiller, also seedling stage short, survival rate is high, disease-resistant strong stress resistance, cigarette strain growth in land for growing field crops is neat.
(3) the floating seedlings technology has been created advantage for realizing the Pelleting of standardization seed pelleting, factorial seedling growth and mechanization transplanting.Intensive, commercial floating seedlings pattern is conducive to realize growing seedlings batch production, transplanting mechanization, technical specification, quality standardization, the professionalization of management.Along with the increase of the auxiliary facilities such as sower and leaves shearing machine, the usage amount of sowing quantity, agricultural chemicals, fertilizer and grow seedlings, transplant the minimizing of the amount of labour used, seedling cost is with decrease.
But Hunan Tobacco-growing rice crop rotation cigarette district's flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating phase annual late December to the next year late March, and this period is minimum on the occasion of the annual temperature in Hunan, lighting delay number is minimum, cold wave is attacked frequently season.This disadvantageous weather conditions cause Hunan Tobacco-growing rice crop rotation cigarette district's cured tobacco production long-term existence nursery stage time long, and cigarette seedling quality is not high, and resistance is poor, and transplanting time is postponed, and go back long problem in seedling stage, have had a strong impact on the yield and quality of tobacco leaf.Affected to a certain extent the popularization of floating seedlings technology.
Lai Luxiang etc. are by inquiring into air-pruning seedling production, and compare with the floating seedlings technology.Air-pruning seedling production is to utilize synthetic medium and seedling-cultivating tray as the stationary support of root system, and seedling-cultivating tray is placed on the high shelf of 40cm, provides tobacco seedling growth required various nutriments by the sprinkling irrigation nutrient solution.Therefore the air-pruning seedling production technology need not build the nutrition liquid pool owing to being built on stilts growing seedlings, and without laying plastic, not only can reduce seedling cost, and is not similar in floating seedlings often owing to mulch film damages the defective that causes nutrient solution to be revealed.Air-pruning seedling production, owing to being to provide the required moisture of tobacco seedling growth and nutrient by sprinkling irrigation, this just must cause air humidity large, adhesive water is many on the blade, therefore will strengthen ventilation dewetting when temperature is high, prevents the disease outburst.At present also a lot of Introduction of Literatures have been arranged tobacco cultivate method and the culture medium of cigarette seedling.
Publication number be CN1463584 Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of tobacco nursery sock growing method using tray water bed, step comprises: pallet, matrix, nutrition pond and preparation nutrient solution are prepared; Medium in tray, sowing, code-disc, water and fertilizer management, leaf-cutting, hardening and seedling strain are transplanted.It adopts deep hole raising tray and the configuration of water bed seedling-cultivating method, overcome traditional tray grow seedlings need to heel in seedling raising process in higher because executing the defective and the floating seedlings cost that water the unfavorable growth of seedling of liquid manure, the defective that seedlings root is not bery flourishing has solved the problem that the tobacco seedling method is optimized.
Publication number be CN101422122 Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of cured tobacco seedling-raising sand body matrix, this matrix composition method and with this substrate seedling method, a kind of cured tobacco seedling-raising sand body matrix is provided, mixed by sand body, vermiculite, perlite; The present invention also provides a kind of Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium method for preparing, and the method is screening sand body, sterilization, and sand body, vermiculite, perlite are mixed; The present invention also provides a kind of cigarette seedling-growing method of educating, and the method is that sand body matrix is placed in the seedling-cultivating tray, and sowing adds water in nursery pond, and the cigarette seedling rear Ensure Liquid liquid that all sprouts carries out thinning, fills the gaps with seedlings, leaf-cutting, hardening in vegetative period, transplant at last.Use this formulation media to grow seedlings, its emergence rate, planting percent are high, and cost is low, and does not use the peat composed of rotten mosses, has reduced environmental destruction.
Publication number be CN101531551 Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of tobacco floating seed rearing culture medium reproduction process, make raw material with its discarded object " bacterium chaff ", carry out the microbial fermentation sterilization of becoming thoroughly decomposed and make organic matter, reproduce into tobacco seedling carries out floating seedlings with medium tobacco floating seed rearing culture medium reproduction process, in discarded bacterium chaff, add microorganism-decomposing agent, utilize in the digest process spontaneous high temperature to kill edible mushroom mycelium, spray again carbendazim and kill other miscellaneous bacteria; Carrying out raw material with bacterium chaff, vermiculite and perlite after the sterilization of becoming thoroughly decomposed at 5: 3: 2 according to volume ratio mixes, and stir, namely become tobacco floating seed rearing culture medium, solved the comprehensive utilization of agricultural crop straw, become useless and utilize, can produce significant economic benefit and social benefit.
Publication number be CN102124894A Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of technical method for cultivating cured tobaccos under mulching film, may further comprise the steps: grow seedlings, manage after ridging and fertilising, transplanting and the cultivation.The technology of the present invention has: the time in seedling stage is short, saves land used, and the operating technology link is simple, cost saving; Land for growing field crops virus disease morbidity is light; Lower tobacco leaf is grown, and availability is high; Reduce or avoid the early blossoming phenomenon; Cigarette strain leaves number is many, well developed root system, and double-deck root system is obvious, and is resistant to lodging, opens straw and hacks; Produce the advantages such as the obvious raising of the more common vega of matter benefit.
Publication number be CN102633544A Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of biological tobacco fertilizer method of producing take farmyard manure as raw material, comprise batching, inoculation, pile, become thoroughly decomposed, after fermentation, namely take livestock and/or poultry dung as major ingredient, the control water content is 55 ~ 65%, as auxiliary material, both are mixed into base-material by weight 100:5 ~ 15 with agricultural crop straw, green grass, pine nut shell, peanut shell etc.; In the ratio of 100kg major ingredient inoculation 0.5 ~ 1.5L bacterial classification, combined inoculation biocontrol microorganisms fermenation raw liquid in the base-material; Base-material nature pile, per 3 ~ 5d turning, temperature is not less than 55 ℃ in the control heap, fermentation 10d; The fertile heap of control moisture content 45 ~ 50% continues fermentation 15 ~ 30d, finishes digest process after temperature is down to 40 ℃.Publication number be CN102613054A Introduction To Cn Patent a kind ofly improve that tobacco is cold-resistant, the method for resistance against diseases, comprise: grow seedlings: utilize the floating seedlings method to carry out tobacco seedling, in being filled with the floatation of foam hole seedling-cultivating tray of matrix, 2～3cm place Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi fungi below tobacco seed sowing position, guarantee that the tobacco individual plant contains 90～150 mycorrhizal fungal spores, then sow tobacco seed, cultivate, grow tobacco seedling; In tobacco seedling is transplanted front 2 weeks, inoculation phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria liquid bacterial agent 2～5 times, each every strain tobacco seedling inoculum concentration is 103～105 phosphorus-solubilizing bacterias, during transplanting, tiling contains the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria solid fungicide of 0.5 * 109～1 * 109 phosphorus-solubilizing bacterias in the cave of transplanting, then transplant tobacco seedling, then earthing carries out the conventional cultivation management to tobacco seedling.
Publication number be CN102204504A Introduction To Cn Patent one grow tobacco and float wet arenosols matrix and the preparation method of growing seedlings, described tobacco floats wet each component of arenosols matrix of growing seedlings and forms according to following quality proportioning: arenosols 50-88%, peat composed of rotten mosses 10-40%, fine perlite 2-15%.Publication number be CN102523990A Introduction To Cn Patent regulate and control method and the regulation device thereof of the used light source of a kind of multilayer culture facility, relate to the seedling equipment in the industrialized agriculture planting technology field, its regulation device is to be made of control device, light source shelf, light source board 10, hydraulic cylinder 4, oil pump 6 and oil pipe 5 more than two or two; Have to adjust distance between light source and the seedling according to the different growing stages of crop seedling automatically, in good time, and can shorten the characteristics such as nursery stage, saves energy, reduction seedling unit cost, both be applicable to open multilayer culture facility, also can be used for the multilayer culture facility of totally-enclosed; Both can be used for vegetables, melon and fruit, tobacco seedling, also can be used for flowers, trees are grown seedlings, the seedling when also can be used for plant of grain crops.
Publication number be CN102144485A Introduction To Cn Patent one artificial light seedling cultivation method that grows tobacco, utilize artificial light source to regulate and control the Illuminations such as the intensity of illumination of tobacco seedling environment, light application time, and in conjunction with to environmental key-element and suitable water-fertilizer conditionings such as temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, air velocities, cultivate the tobacco seedling by the bimestrial time.Publication number be CN102657010A Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of mountain sandbox tobacco vegetables floating seedlings composite substrate, be the by weight composition that mixes of ratio of following material: the mountain is husky: sawdust=2:0.8-1.2, mountain sand contains mud less than 15%, granularity is less than 2mm, moisture is less than 5%, and pH value is between 6～7.5.Sawdust is the sawdust of China fir, pine, birch, oak or cypress, and sterilization treatment was carried out in mountain sand and sawdust assembly in front 10 days, caused the bacterium of falling ill to kill.
Publication number be CN102696620A Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of tobacco seedling specific complex preparation and application, this compound formulation prepares through the following step: a. dissolves abscisic acid first according to the ratio that every 100mg adds the 3ml absolute alcohol, and then is configured to the 200mg/L mother liquor with the pure water constant volume; Paclobutrazol is configured to the 500mg/L mother liquor with pure water; Boric acid is configured to the 1000mg/L mother liquor with pure water; Calcium chloride is configured to the 10mg/L mother liquor with pure water; Zinc sulphate is configured to the 10mg/L mother liquor with pure water; B. get respectively above-mentioned five kinds of mother liquors and mix with pure water dissolving, fully behind the mixing, add selenium powder in the ratio of 0.001-0.01mg/L and again fully mix and shake up, namely obtain compound formulation; The mass volume ratio that this is compound makes minute is: abscisic acid 20-100mg/L, paclobutrazol 20-100mg/L, boric acid 200-500mg/L, selenium 0.001-0.01mg/L, zinc sulphate 0-0.5mg/L, calcium chloride 0-0.5mg/L.
China's tobacco planting mainly concentrates on the subtropical zone, and winter and spring temperature are lower, is not suitable for the growth of tobacco, so mainly adopt the sowing in spring, gather in the crops autumn.China's tobacco seedling mainly adopts the intensive floating seedlings of booth, moistening growing seedlings and these three kinds of methods of air-pruning seedling production now.But these three kinds of methods all need other used device to build certain space, guarantee the growth of the suitable cigarette seedling of environmental temperature in seedling raising process.When adopting raise seedling in greenhouse in the land for growing field crops since spring temperature lower, canopy temperature is difficult to improve, and has had a strong impact on the growth rate of cigarette seedling.All adopt the locality to grow seedlings during general tobacco planting, because the long-term planting tobacco contains certain tobacco mosaic virus in the soil, this virus of raise seedling in greenhouse easy infection has a strong impact on the production of tobacco.
When adopting air-pruning seedling production and floating seedlings culturing method to grow seedlings, adopt culture matrix and soil that very large difference is arranged, so the cigarette seedling of cultivating all needs to carry out hardening.Tobacco planting all carries out in spring in addition, and environmental temperature is lower when cultivating the cigarette seedling.The floating seedlings facility comprises outside plant and floating system facility two parts.Outside plant generally refers to the automation greenhouse of standard abroad, and temperature of shed and humidity can be regulated by corresponding firing equipment and blower fan, is subjected to the natural temperature variable effect little in the seedling raising process, and nursery effect is good.Domestic general plastic tunnel, the little shed floating system used replaces, and cost is well below the construction green house, but temperature of shed does not reach the nursery temperature requirement.The minimum temperature of tobacco seed germination and growth is 7.5～11.0 ℃, and optimum temperature is 25～28 ℃, but quite vigorous at 20 ℃ of left and right sides growth of seedling, and floating seedlings after planting requires the culture plate surface temperature to remain between 21～24 ℃.And adopt air-pruning seedling production to run into too same problem, the little temperature control of equipment investment is bad, if equipment investment was very large when temperature reached the tobacco optimum growth temperature, has greatly increased the cost at tobacco planting family.All adopt outdoor floating seedlings in areas such as Yunnan at present, 2-3 month grows seedlings, and begins to carry out the cigarette transplantation of seedlings to May, carries out the tobacco leaf harvesting to October, so only plants tobacco in these regional 1 year, no longer plants crop.But after the ground such as Hunan all are the harvesting tobacco leaf, also need the cereal crops such as crop rotation paddy rice, tobacco planting is had certain limitation season.If adopt present tobacco seedling method that the tobacco leaf harvesting was carried out in seven Augusts, directly affect other crop of crop rotation.Add regional anomalous weather such as hail, the low temperature etc. of often producing in spring such as Hunan, very large on the cigarette seedling impact of adopting floating seedlings to obtain, this cigarette seedling is not sturdy not strong to environment resistance.After these anomalous weathers occurring behind the plantation cigarette seedling, easily causing cigarette seedling Large Scale Death in addition, all need to mend cultivation, adopt floating mode to educate the cigarette seedling, is can't realize finishing fast mending planting the minimizing that easily causes the tobacco grower to take in.
Therefore, this existing resource of barn when we adopt local tobacco planting is carried out fast seedling growing and strong sprout, although there is bibliographical information to utilize barn to produce the method for edible mushroom, but we think that barn is not fully utilized, also need to invest miscellaneous equipment because utilize barn to produce edible mushroom, want at least 300,000 yuan.And our barn has reduced the infection rate of some tobacco mosaic viruss when growing seedlings, and can greatly accelerate tobacco seedling speed.Because barn has good heat insulation effect when being used for roasting grass (because need high temperature), does not need other warming-up device, only need equipment and the irradiation method that can provide part to generate heat light source to the cigarette seedling.
Summary of the invention
The technical solution used in the present invention comprises: after the barn cleaning, the daylight lamp bracket that mounting design is good broadcasts sowing tobacco seed, is ready to seedling medium, and the irradiation temperature control adds tobacco nutrient solution strong sprout, field-transplanting cigarette seedling midway.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of barn insulation irradiation quickly breeding cured tobacco seedling seedling-cultivating method, step comprises:
(1) selection of seedling medium: carry out after the mixing and stirring for subsequent use with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer;
(2) lamp bracket setting: adopt stainless steel or wood materials to build layer structure, be used for the placement of culture plate, long is 3m, wide 2m, and interlamellar spacing is 60cm, every layer all hangs with one group of fluorescent tube;
(3) light source is selected: every group of fluorescent tube is 6 of blue light and ruddiness/6+fluorescent lamp of 1:3 Assembled lamp, and fluorescent lamp, Red and blue light are respectively the 40W fluorescent lamp and wavelength is 630 nm(ruddiness) and 450 nm(blue lights) 36 W light emitting diodes as light source;
(4) seedling medium sabot: first seedling medium is fallen on the level ground of plastic film mulch before the sabot, evenly spill wet the stirring with clear water, after mixing thoroughly matrix evenly packed into and contain in the floating disc in 200 holes, pat the seedling dish after filling, make the matrix loadings uniformity in each seedling cave, the matrix elasticity is moderate, then scrapes off card residue matrix with bamboo chip;
(5) sowing: broadcast 1-2 grain capsuled seed in each cave of growing seedlings in the culture plate, then culture plate is put into the nutrient matrix on the seedling culture frame;
(6) light management: adopt model TES-13 illuminometer to detect its intensity of illumination, wherein intensity of illumination is 9000 ± 100 Lux, and detected value is mean value ± amplitude difference of 5 times, carries out illumination every day and grows seedlings certain hour until till the cigarette transplantation of seedlings;
(7) nutrient management: special fertilizer for seedling culture is provided by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., being mixed with 1000 ppm nutrient solutions pours in the culture pond, the nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, adding vegetation charcoal matrix makes the water liquid level at 1cm-1.5cm again, make when putting into culture plate and vegetation charcoal matrix can touch, when reaching 4 leaves, 1 heart, need to replenish 1-2 nutrient solution according to cigarette seedling growing way;
(8) temperature and humidity management: control tobacco seedling growth temperature is 20-25 ℃, keeps barn relative moisture 70-90% between nursery stage;
(9) cigarette transplantation of seedlings pre-treatment: transplanted front 2-3 days, blue light and ruddiness are closed, only keep fluorescent lamp, the floating disc that cultivates seedling is placed on seedling medium cultivated 2-3 days, keep barn relative moisture 70-90%.
In a specific embodiments, wherein the fluorescent tube suspension height is from culture plate surface distance 30 cm in the step (2).
In another embodiment, wherein the middle illumination seedling raise period of step (6) is 11-13 h.
Technique effect
1, adopts the method can greatly shorten growing-seedling period, shortened to 30 days in 90 days from growing-seedling period, greatly reduce artificial demand.
2, take full advantage of the existing factory site of growing seedlings, the joint medicine resource, reduced production cost.
3, utilize barn through behind the high temperature flue-cured tobacco, eliminated the danger of bacteriosis in the barn, reduced the probability that tobacco falls ill in seedling raising process, reduced the consumption of agricultural chemicals.
4, fully taking into account tobacco needs the changqiang illumination condition, and employing changqiang illumination condition can significantly strengthen the resistance of cigarette seedling in seedling raising process, has greatly improved the photosynthesis of cigarette seedling.
5, utilize the good insulation effect of barn, can not need additionally heats just can reach the needed temperature of growing seedlings, and has reduced and has grown seedlings to energy demand.
6, adopt barn to grow seedlings and easily realize carrying out crop rotation with cereal crops, can not strive ground with cereal crops, saved this scarce resource of soil, also can improve farmers' income.
7, adopt blue light, ruddiness and fluorescent lamp combination to grow seedlings, can greatly improve the sturdy degree of cigarette seedling, root system is more flourishing, more can improve cigarette seedling resistance.
8, in the seedling raising and strengthening process, take full advantage of illumination and temperature and organically combine, must under uniform temperature and illumination condition, could promote fast growing of cigarette seedling.
9, compare with floating seedlings, moistening growing seedlings more near nature is conducive to Root growth, and root system is in the water during floating seedlings, is transplanted among the native Reel and is prone to the situations such as inadaptable.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1: the placement design sketch of culturing rack, fluorescent tube, culture plate in the barn, wherein divide three layers of a, d, f, highly all be 60cm; B is 2m; C is 3m; H is culture plate; E is fluorescent tube.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention will be further detailed with embodiment, but it is not limited to any or the similar example of these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
(1) selection of seedling medium: after mixing with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer (by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.), the used base of growing seedlings is that Chenzhou, Hunan Province Guiyang County one toasts tobacco and uses the room, and the barn ventilating opening is sealed processing.
(2) lamp bracket setting: adopt stainless steel or wood materials to build layer structure, be used for the placement of culture plate, long is 3m, wide 2m, and interlamellar spacing is 60cm, and every layer all hangs with one group of fluorescent tube, and the fluorescent tube suspension height is from culture plate surface distance 30 cm, sees Fig. 1.
(3) light source is selected: every group of fluorescent tube is 6 of blue light and ruddiness/6+fluorescent lamp of 1:3 Assembled lamp, and fluorescent lamp, Red and blue light are respectively the 40W fluorescent lamp and wavelength is 630 nm(ruddiness) and 450 nm(blue lights) 36 W light emitting diodes as light source.
(4) seedling medium sabot: first seedling medium is fallen on the level ground of plastic film mulch before the sabot, evenly spill wet the stirring with clear water, after mixing thoroughly matrix evenly packed into and contain in the culture plate in 200 holes, pat the seedling dish after filling, make the matrix loadings uniformity in each seedling cave, the matrix elasticity is moderate, then scrapes off card residue matrix with bamboo chip.
(5) sowing: broadcast 1-2 grain capsuled seed in each cave of growing seedlings in the culture plate, then culture plate is put into the nutrient solution on the seedling culture frame.
(6) light management: adopt model TES-13 illuminometer to detect its intensity of illumination, wherein intensity of illumination is 9000 ± 100 Lux, detected value is mean value ± amplitude difference of 5 times, carries out illumination every day and grows seedlings certain hour until till the cigarette transplantation of seedlings, the illumination seedling raise period is 11-13 h.
(7) nutrient management: special fertilizer for seedling culture is provided by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., being mixed with 1000 ppm nutrient solutions pours in the culture pond, the nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, adding vegetation charcoal matrix makes the water liquid level at 1cm-1.5cm again, make when putting into culture plate and vegetation charcoal matrix can touch, when reaching 4 leaves, 1 heart, need to replenish 1-2 nutrient solution according to cigarette seedling growing way;
(8) temperature and humidity management: control tobacco seedling growth temperature is 20-25 ℃, keeps barn relative moisture 70-90% between nursery stage.
(9) cigarette transplantation of seedlings pre-treatment: transplanted front 2-3 days, blue light and ruddiness are closed, only keep fluorescent lamp, the floating disc that cultivates seedling is placed on seedling medium cultivated 2-3 days, keep barn relative moisture 70-90%.Barn insulation floating seedlings not only is seeded into seedling only to be needed about 30 days, and the cigarette seedling can reach the requirement in strong sprout of the high 10cm of stem, stem girth 1.6cm, and total power consumption is 4500 degree, and investment lamp bracket and fluorescent tube need 5000 yuan, and growing seedlings the results are shown in Table 1 and 2.
Control Example 1
The selection of seedling medium: after mixing with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer (by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.), the used base of growing seedlings is the artificial incubator of the full weather of Agricultural University Of Hunan.Lamp bracket setting, light source selection, seedling medium sabot, sowing, light management, nutrient management, temperature and humidity management, cigarette transplantation of seedlings pre-treatment and embodiment 1 are identical.Produce the cigarette seedling of same quantity and need to invest 500,000 yuan of the artificial incubators of full weather, light power consumption is 4300 degree, and heating or refrigeration power consumption are 6500 degree, and growing seedlings the results are shown in Table 1 and 2.
Control Example 2
(1) selection of seedling medium: after mixing with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer (by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.), the used base of growing seedlings is Chenzhou, Hunan Province Guiyang County one seedling raising greenhouse.
Seedling medium sabot, sowing, moisture management are consistent with embodiment 1, lamp is adopted in the lamp source, nutrient management employing is mixed with 1000 ppm nutrient solutions and pours in the floating pool, the nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, needing when reaching 4 leaves, 1 heart without power consumption, needs 1.5 ten thousand yuan of investment booths according to additional 1-2 the nutrient solution of cigarette seedling growing way, temperature nature, the time that growing seedlings needs is about 3 months, and growing seedlings the results are shown in Table 1 and 2.
Control Example 3
(1) selection of seedling medium: after mixing with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer (by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.), the used base of growing seedlings is Chenzhou, Hunan Province Guiyang County one seedling raising greenhouse.
Seedling medium sabot, sowing, moisture management are consistent with embodiment 1, lamp is adopted in the lamp source, nutrient management employing is mixed with 1000 ppm nutrient solutions and pours in the floating pool, the nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, need to replenish 1-2 nutrient solution, temperature insulation 15 according to cigarette seedling growing way when reaching 4 leaves, 1 heart and spend, power consumption is 6000 degree, needs 1.5 ten thousand yuan of investment booths, the time that growing seedlings needs is about 2 months, and growing seedlings the results are shown in Table 1 and 2.
Table 1 is processed the statistics of cigarette seedling leafing fate
1 heart stage of table 27 leaves, respectively processed cigarette seedling Analysis of agronomic characters result
Claims (3)
1. the invention provides the method in strong sprout of utilizing barn quickly breeding cured tobacco seedling, step comprises:
(1) selection of seedling medium: carry out after the mixing and stirring for subsequent use with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer;
(2) lamp bracket setting: adopt stainless steel or wood materials to build layer structure, be used for the placement of culture plate, long is 3m, wide 2m, and interlamellar spacing is 60cm, every layer all hangs with one group of fluorescent tube;
(3) light source is selected: every group of fluorescent tube is 6 of blue light and ruddiness/6+fluorescent lamp of 1:3 Assembled lamp, and fluorescent lamp, Red and blue light are respectively the 40W fluorescent lamp and wavelength is 630 nm(ruddiness) and 450 nm(blue lights) 36 W light emitting diodes as light source;
(4) seedling medium sabot: first seedling medium is fallen on the level ground of plastic film mulch before the sabot, evenly spill wet the stirring with clear water, after mixing thoroughly matrix evenly packed into and contain in the floating disc in 200 holes, pat the seedling dish after filling, make the matrix loadings uniformity in each seedling cave, the matrix elasticity is moderate, then scrapes off card residue matrix with bamboo chip;
(5) sowing: broadcast 1-2 grain capsuled seed in each cave of growing seedlings in the culture plate, then culture plate is put into the nutrient matrix on the seedling culture frame;
(6) light management: adopt model TES-13 illuminometer to detect its intensity of illumination, wherein intensity of illumination is 9000 ± 100 Lux, and detected value is mean value ± amplitude difference of 5 times, carries out illumination every day and grows seedlings certain hour until till the cigarette transplantation of seedlings;
(7) nutrient management: special fertilizer for seedling culture is provided by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., being mixed with 1000 ppm nutrient solutions pours in the culture pond, the nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, adding vegetation charcoal matrix makes the water liquid level at 1cm-1.5cm again, make when putting into culture plate and vegetation charcoal matrix can touch, when reaching 4 leaves, 1 heart, need to replenish 1-2 nutrient solution according to cigarette seedling growing way;
(8) temperature and humidity management: control tobacco seedling growth temperature is 20-25 ℃, keeps barn relative moisture 70-90% between nursery stage;
(9) cigarette transplantation of seedlings pre-treatment: transplanted front 2-3 days, blue light and ruddiness are closed, only keep fluorescent lamp, the floating disc that cultivates seedling is placed on seedling medium cultivated 2-3 days, keep barn relative moisture 70-90%.
2. according to claim 1 method, wherein the fluorescent tube suspension height is from culture plate surface distance 30 cm in the step (2).
3. according to claim 1 method, wherein the illumination seedling raise period is 11-13 h in the step (6).
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| CN112913621A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Low-temperature seedling hardening method before flue-cured tobacco planting |
| CN113875535A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-04 | 湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司 | Multilayer circulation mechanical equipment and seedling raising method for cultivating tobacco seedlings by using multilayer circulation mechanical equipment |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109041877A (en) * | 2018-08-02 | 2018-12-21 | 广西大学 | A kind of flue-cured tobacco pylon mist training device for raising seedlings and its method for culturing seedlings |
| CN112913621A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-08 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Low-temperature seedling hardening method before flue-cured tobacco planting |
| CN113875535A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-01-04 | 湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司 | Multilayer circulation mechanical equipment and seedling raising method for cultivating tobacco seedlings by using multilayer circulation mechanical equipment |
| CN113875535B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-01-24 | 湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司 | Multilayer circulating mechanical equipment and seedling raising method for raising tobacco seedlings by using multilayer circulating mechanical equipment |
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