CN102986417B - Method for rapidly cultivating cotton seedlings - Google Patents
Method for rapidly cultivating cotton seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN102986417B CN102986417B CN201210457234.XA CN201210457234A CN102986417B CN 102986417 B CN102986417 B CN 102986417B CN 201210457234 A CN201210457234 A CN 201210457234A CN 102986417 B CN102986417 B CN 102986417B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a technology which is not restricted by the climate factor of winter and capable of rapidly cultivating cotton seedlings by utilizing an idle curing barn in a seedling cultivation curing workshop, and using LED (light-emitting diode) lamps and fluorescent lamps with different wavelengths and matching ratios as light sources, aiming at the climate obstacles of low temperature and sparse sunlight confronted by seedling cultivation in winter in Hunan. With the adoption of the method, a seedling cultivation period can be greatly shortened to 35 days from 120 days, thus greatly reducing labour needs, and enabling the seedlings to be adaptive to a transplanted soil environment soon.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to modern technical field of cultivation, relate to a kind of method of quickly breeding cotton seedling, be specifically related to a kind of method being incubated irradiation quickly breeding cotton seedling.
Background technology
Cotton, is the seed fiber of Malvaceae cotton, originates in subtropics.Plant shrub shape, in torrid areas, cultivation can grow to 6 meters high, is generally 1 to 2 meters.Flower milky, Post flowering changes into peony soon and then withers, and leaves green small-sized capsule, is called cotton boll.Have cottonseed in brocade bell, the fine hair on cottonseed grows from cottonseed skins, fills up cotton boll inside.Cotton boll splits time ripe, exposes soft fiber.Fiber white is yellow to white middle band, is about 2 to 4 centimetres, containing cellulose about 87 ~ 90%.There are China, the U.S., India etc. in the country that output of cotton is the highest.
Current cotton planting is distributed in Hills more, dispersion plantation in units of peasant household.Owing to limiting by technical merit, it is uneven that cotton growth is educated by institute, and transplanting time extends, and grown in field is inconsistent, affects the harvesting of cotton.The test of booth intensive seedling production, demonstration have been carried out in various places, obtain better effects.It compensate for conventional seedbed system Shortcomings, and cotton seedling growth is neat, healthy and strong, goes back that seedling is fast, growth potential is strong, facilitate the harmony of grown in field after transplanting.
But the Hunan raising seedling of cotton phase, and this period was minimum on the occasion of the annual temperature in Hunan, lighting delay number is minimum, cold wave attacks season frequently in annual late December to next year late March.This disadvantageous weather conditions cause Hunan Cotton Production long-term existence seedling raise period long, and Young Cotton quality is not high, and resistance is poor, and transplanting time is postponed, and the problem that also seedling stage is long, has had a strong impact on the yield and quality of cotton.Have impact on the popularization of floating seedlings technology to a certain extent.
Publication number a kind of cotton nutrition seedling growing process that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN1178628, by using the coated slow release fertilizer of 0.1-1.0% in cotton nutrition-pot soil, and point face of slow release fertilizer in alms bowl soil that Reasonable adjustment applies, thus make cultivated cotton seedling robust growth, reduce and wear alms bowl, the suitable cultivation phase is long, and seedling-slowing stage is short, reaches the object of saving of labor, volume increase.
Publication number a kind of water floatation seedling method of cotton that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN1711825, floating seedlings is carried out with porous seedling-cultivating tray, matrix and nutrient solution water body seedbed, the emergence rate of excellent cotton seed reaches more than 90%, the cotton seedling well developed root system cultivated, vitality is strong, cotton seedling neat and consistent, few sick seedling strain or anosis bacterial strain, without weeds, planting percent is high.The transplantation technique matched with it, has saving of labor, saves cost, transplants simple and easy, and get Miao Yunmiao convenient, transplanting survival rate is high, returns seedling stage short, and feature is sent out in transplanting time flexibility etc.
To be the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN1887044 one to grow cotton factorial seedling-culturing method publication number; industrializing facility protection and Cultivation of Cotton Seedlings Without Soil technology ensure to combine to be formed; industrializing facility protection refers to and utilizes batch production equipment concentrated protection seedling raising process, and the guarantee of Cultivation of Cotton Seedlings Without Soil technology refers to and ensures omnidistance Quality of Seedlings in conjunction with raising seedling of cotton growth characteristic.Can in modernization temperature, plastics or brick wall booth, Plastic tunnel evades the bad climate and unfavorable conditions that occur in the growth and development process of raising seedling of cotton, Cultivation of Cotton Seedlings Without Soil technology ensures to be included in seedling raising process to carry out factorial seedling growth early seedlings culture tidy seedlings output technology, strong sprout full stand administrative skill, the comprehensive use of front administrative skill is planted in nursery, and use soilless raising seedling substrate nursery at seedling raising process, chemicalization process, obtain the full stand effect and effect after planting in strong sprout cultivated, the seed and space saving when nursery, reduce risks, facilitate transplanting simultaneously, realize the operation of cotton seedling non-soil replanting.
Publication number a kind of cotton net bottom plastic container seedlings transplanting method that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN101099430, comprising: do seedbed, spills Furadan; Add protectant of emerging in soil and make nutrient soil; Cotton seed and paddy rice or wheat kernel is put into first load half nutrient soil in the cavities of net bottom cave dish after, fuller with nutrient soil lid; Netful for lid basion dish is put into the native harmony in seedbed tight, water sufficient water, spray bed grass after lid layer fine earth more above clean; Seedbed upper cover straw, frame canopy, epiphragma, surrounding grave is tight; Emerge, after neat seedling and when growing 1 true leaf, spray strengthening agent; Qi Miao is to when growing 1 true leaf, and plastics hut two ventilates, and reducing temperature and humidity, takes off half film when long 1-2 leaf; Soil turns white the suitable moisturizing in seedbed; Transplant when seedling age grows to 2 leaf 1 heart with cotton seedling and be advisable, take off film hardening before cultivation, execute urea, stop watering; Dig cave, harmony soil during transplanting, suitably water after transplanting, promote alive.The simple science of the present invention, when avoiding transplanting, root system is impaired, improves survival rate.
Publication number a kind of bare seedling transplanting technology for cotton medium seedling raising that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN102282944A, relate to arviculture technology, it is characterized in that: method step is as follows, seedbed prepares, and seedbed should be above the ground level, and is rectangle, bedside 1-1.5 rice, the bed end and surrounding spreading, surrounding height 10-20 centimetre, film upper berth 10 cm thick seedling medium; Begin sowing in good time; Generally in early and middle ten days sowing in April, draw seed furrow by line-spacing 10 centimetres, ditch depth 3 centimetres, keep spacing in the rows 2 centimetres sowing, 1 bunch planting 1; Seedbed management; Seedbed management, based on control, is mainly reflected in temperature control, controls water, controls cotton seedling leaf age; Improve and transplant quality: soil moisture foot, ground level are whole, loosing soil, transplant front rooting promoter and soak cotton shoot root system 15-20 minute, and wrap up root system with plastic film, strong sprout, weak seedling are separately transplanted.Seedbed of the present invention survival rate can reach 95-100%, generally can increase production 6-8%, every mu of synergy more than 80 yuan, to economize kind, economizes ground, saves time, laborsaving, saving of labor.
Publication number a kind of raise seedling with soil and non-soil replanting method for cotton that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN101341828, after cotton seed and root-growing agent are fully mixed thoroughly in proportion, plant in the groove in seedbed, seed-bearing seedbed will be broadcast with two-layer mulch film again to cover, during treating that cotton seedling grows into leaf one core to five leaf one core, carrying out non-soil replanting, during cotton seedling growth after transplanting by soilless-cultivated seedling vinyl disc and have the space constraint of nutritive cube of seedlings and soil, the Nutrition Soil volume that root system occupies is large, liquid manure is sufficient, add the drug effect of nutrient solution, cotton seedling than matrix or feeding block seedlings raising mode more healthy and stronger, after transplanting, seedling-slowing stage is short, restoration ecosystem is fast, survival rate is high.Solve nutrition bowl seedling transplanting recruitment many, labour intensity is large, and seedbed management is complicated, and soilless-cultivated seedling transplants root system easy damaged, the problem that after transplanting, growth recovery is slow.When the method nursery and transplanting, labour intensity is little, seedbed manageability, can in Around the house, field nursery, the nursery of special adaptation peasant single household.
Publication number a kind of cotton seedling raising transplantation method that has been the Introduction To Cn Patent of CN101379919, cotton stalk or rape straw, corn straw, soybean bar, wheat straw stalk are pulverized, add nitrogenous fertilizer, blending night soil or fowl and animal excrement bio-fertilizer or other fertilizer, carry out processing process, expect ripe after dry or dry, add bactericide, pack for subsequent use; Sowing, the cotton stalk matrix prepared or other straw substrate are filled in seedling culture hole plate or be laid in ground lay plastic film on do seedbed, sowing, watering cover plastic sheeting for farm use, insulation nursery; Transplant, before transplanting, execute antitranspirant and root-growing agent; After getting seedling, seedling is lashed, be placed in the root-growing agent solution after being watered and soak root, take out to be placed on again to fill in gel that water-loss reducer is watered and dip in root; During transplanting, in planting furrow, apply water-loss reducer; Earthing after transplanting, waters sufficient normal root water.There is survival rate of seedling high, effect stability and the short feature of seedling-slowing stage, and cost is low, environmental protection.
Therefore, this existing resource of barn when we adopt local cotton seedling to plant carries out fast seedling growing and strong sprout, although there is bibliographical information to utilize barn to produce the method for edible mushroom, but we think that barn is not fully utilized, because utilize barn to produce edible mushroom also to need to invest miscellaneous equipment, want 300,000 yuan at least.And our barn reduces the infection rate of this virus when carrying out nursery, can greatly accelerate raising seedling of cotton speed.Because barn has good heat insulation effect (because needing high temperature for during flue-cured tobacco), do not need other warming-up device, only need equipment and the irradiation method that can divide heat producing light sources to cotton seedling providing unit.In addition, floating seedlings there will be the slow-footed feature of restoration ecosystem when field-transplanting, mainly from soil, absorbs moisture and nutrient because be not suitable with.
Summary of the invention
The technical solution used in the present invention comprises: after barn cleaning, the daylight lamp bracket that mounting design is good, broadcasts sowing cotton seeds, get out seedling medium, irradiation temperature control, and cotton seedling nutrient solution strong sprout, field-transplanting cotton seedling are added in midway.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of method of quickly breeding cotton seedling, step comprises:
(1) selection of seedling medium: for subsequent use after carrying out mixing and stirring with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer;
(2) lamp bracket is arranged: using barn as nursery place, adopts stainless steel or wood materials to carry out building layer structure, and for the placement of culture plate, long is 3m, wide 2m, and interlamellar spacing is 60cm, and every layer all hangs with one group of fluorescent tube;
(3) light source is selected: often organizing fluorescent tube is blue light and ruddiness/1:3 Assembled lamp 6+fluorescent lamp 6, and fluorescent lamp, Red and blue light are respectively 40W fluorescent lamp and wavelength is that the 36W light emitting diode of 630nm (ruddiness) and 450nm (blue light) is as light source;
(4) seedling medium sabot: first seedling medium is fallen on the level ground of plastic film mulch before sabot, wet stirring is evenly spilt with clear water, after mixing thoroughly, matrix is evenly loaded in the floating disc containing 200 holes, seedling dish is patted after filling, make the matrix loadings uniformity in each seedling cave, matrix elasticity is moderate, then scrapes off card residue matrix with bamboo chip;
(5) sow: in culture plate, broadcast 1-2 grain capsuled seed in each nursery cave, then culture plate is put into the nutrient matrix on seedling culture frame;
(6) light management: adopt model TES-13 illuminometer to detect its intensity of illumination, wherein intensity of illumination is 9000 ± 100Lux, and detected value is the mean value ± amplitude difference of 5 times, carries out illumination nursery certain hour every day till cotton seedling is transplanted;
(7) nutrient management: special fertilizer for seedling culture is provided by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., being mixed with 1000ppm nutrient solution pours in culture pond, nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, adding vegetation charcoal matrix again makes water liquid level at 1cm-1.5cm, when making to put into culture plate and vegetation charcoal matrix can touch, 1-2 nutrient solution need be supplemented according to cotton seedling growing way when reaching 4 leaf 1 heart;
(8) temperature and humidity management: controlling Cotton Seedling-Growth temperature is 20-25 DEG C, keeps barn relative moisture 70-90% between nursery stage.
In a specific embodiment, wherein the middle fluorescent tube suspension height of step (2) is from culture plate surface distance 30cm.
In another embodiment, wherein in step (6) in seedling raising process light application time be 12-14h.
Technique effect
1, adopt the method greatly can shorten growing-seedling period, within 120 days, shortened to 35 days from growing-seedling period, greatly reduced artificial demand.
2, take full advantage of existing nursery factory site, save medicine resource, reduce production cost.
3, utilize barn after high temperature flue-cured tobacco, eliminate the danger of bacteriosis in barn, decrease the probability that cotton seedling is fallen ill in seedling raising process, reduce the consumption of agricultural chemicals.
4, fully take into account cotton seedling and need changqiang illumination condition, in seedling raising process, adopt changqiang illumination condition significantly can strengthen the resistance of cotton seedling, substantially increase the photosynthesis of cotton seedling.
5, the insulation effect utilizing barn good, can not need additionally to heat the temperature that just can reach required for nursery, reduces nursery to energy demand.
6, adopt barn nursery easily to realize carrying out crop rotation with cereal crops, ground can not be striven with cereal crops, save this scarce resource of soil, also can improve farmers' income.
7, adopt the combination of blue light, ruddiness and fluorescent lamp to carry out nursery, greatly can improve the sturdy degree of cotton seedling, root system is more flourishing, more can improve cotton seedling resistance.
8, in seedling raising and strengthening process, take full advantage of illumination and temperature organically combines, must could promote growing of cotton seedling fast under uniform temperature and illumination condition.
9, compared with floating seedlings, moistening nursery, closer to nature, be conducive to the growth of root system, and during floating seedlings, root system is in water, is transplanted in native Reel and easily occurs the situations such as inadaptable.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention will be further detailed by embodiment, but it is not limited to any one or similar example of these embodiments.
Embodiment 1
(1) selection of seedling medium: after mixing with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer (by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.), nursery base used is flue-cured tobacco room, Taoyuan county, changde, hunan province one, and barn ventilating opening is carried out Seal treatment.
(2) lamp bracket is arranged: adopt stainless steel or wood materials to carry out building layer structure, and for the placement of culture plate, long is 3m, wide 2m, and interlamellar spacing is 60cm, and every layer all hangs with one group of fluorescent tube, and fluorescent tube suspension height is from culture plate surface distance 30cm.
(3) light source is selected: often organizing fluorescent tube is blue light and ruddiness/1:3 Assembled lamp 6+fluorescent lamp 6, and fluorescent lamp, Red and blue light are respectively 40W fluorescent lamp and wavelength is that the 36W light emitting diode of 630nm (ruddiness) and 450nm (blue light) is as light source.
(4) seedling medium sabot: first seedling medium is fallen on the level ground of plastic film mulch before sabot, wet stirring is evenly spilt with clear water, after mixing thoroughly, matrix is evenly loaded in the culture plate containing 200 holes, seedling dish is patted after filling, make the matrix loadings uniformity in each seedling cave, matrix elasticity is moderate, then scrapes off card residue matrix with bamboo chip.
(5) sow: in culture plate, broadcast 1-2 grain capsuled seed in each nursery cave, then culture plate is put into the nutrient solution on seedling culture frame.
(6) light management: adopt model TES-13 illuminometer to detect its intensity of illumination, wherein intensity of illumination is 9000 ± 100Lux, detected value is the mean value ± amplitude difference of 5 times, and carry out illumination nursery certain hour every day till cotton seedling is transplanted, illumination seedling raise period is 13h.
(7) nutrient management: special fertilizer for seedling culture is provided by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., being mixed with 1000ppm nutrient solution pours in culture pond, nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, adding vegetation charcoal matrix again makes water liquid level at 1cm-1.5cm, when making to put into culture plate and vegetation charcoal matrix can touch, 1-2 nutrient solution need be supplemented according to cotton seedling growing way when reaching 4 leaf 1 heart;
(8) temperature and humidity management: controlling Cotton Seedling-Growth temperature is 20-25 DEG C, keeps barn relative moisture 70-90% between nursery stage.Barn insulation floating seedlings is not only seeded into seedling only needs about 30 days, and cotton seedling can reach the requirement in strong sprout of stem height 10cm, stem girth 1.6cm, and total power consumption is 4500 degree, and investment lamp bracket and fluorescent tube need 5000 yuan.
Comparative examples 1
The selection of seedling medium: after mixing with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer (by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.), nursery base used is the artificial incubator of the full weather of Agricultural University Of Hunan.Lamp bracket setting, light source selection, seedling medium sabot, sowing, light management, nutrient management, temperature and humidity management, cotton seedling transplant pre-treatment identical with embodiment 1.The cotton seedling producing same quantity needs to invest the artificial incubator of full weather 500,000 yuan, and light power consumption is 4300 degree, and heating or refrigeration power consumption are 6500 degree.
Comparative examples 2
(1) selection of seedling medium: after mixing with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer (by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.), nursery base used is Chenzhou, Hunan Province Guiyang County one seedling raising greenhouse.
Seedling medium sabot, sowing, moisture management are consistent with embodiment 1, lamp source adopts lamp, nutrient management employing is mixed with 1000ppm nutrient solution and pours in floating pool, nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, 1-2 nutrient solution, temperature nature need be supplemented according to cotton seedling growing way when reaching 4 leaf 1 heart, without power consumption, need to invest booth 1.5 ten thousand yuan, the time that nursery needs is about 3 months.
Comparative examples 3
(1) selection of seedling medium: after mixing with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer (by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.), nursery base used is Chenzhou, Hunan Province Guiyang County one seedling raising greenhouse.
Seedling medium sabot, sowing, moisture management are consistent with embodiment 1, lamp source adopts lamp, nutrient management employing is mixed with 1000ppm nutrient solution and pours in floating pool, nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, 1-2 nutrient solution, temperature 15 degree need be supplemented according to cotton seedling growing way when reaching 4 leaf 1 heart, power consumption is 6000 degree, needs to invest booth 1.5 ten thousand yuan, and the time that nursery needs is about 2 months.
Claims (3)
1. a method for quickly breeding cotton seedling, step comprises:
(1) selection of seedling medium: for subsequent use after carrying out mixing and stirring with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer;
(2) lamp bracket is arranged: using barn as nursery place, adopts stainless steel or wood materials to carry out building layer structure, and for the placement of culture plate, long is 3m, wide 2m, and interlamellar spacing is 60cm, and every layer all hangs with one group of fluorescent tube;
(3) light source is selected: often organizing fluorescent tube is blue light and ruddiness/1:3 Assembled lamp 6+fluorescent lamp 6, and fluorescent lamp, Red and blue light are respectively 40W fluorescent lamp and wavelength is that the 36W light emitting diode of 630nm (ruddiness) and 450nm (blue light) is as light source;
(4) seedling medium sabot: first seedling medium is fallen on the level ground of plastic film mulch before sabot, wet stirring is evenly spilt with clear water, after mixing thoroughly, matrix is evenly loaded in the floating disc containing 200 holes, seedling dish is patted after filling, make the matrix loadings uniformity in each seedling cave, matrix elasticity is moderate, then scrapes off card residue matrix with bamboo chip;
(5) sow: in culture plate, broadcast 1-2 grain capsuled seed in each nursery cave, then culture plate is put into the nutrient matrix on seedling culture frame;
(6) light management: adopt model TES-13 illuminometer to detect its intensity of illumination, wherein intensity of illumination is 9000 ± 100Lux, and detected value is the mean value ± amplitude difference of 5 times, carries out illumination nursery certain hour every day till cotton seedling is transplanted;
(7) nutrient management: special fertilizer for seedling culture is provided by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., being mixed with 1000ppm nutrient solution pours in culture pond, nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, adding vegetation charcoal matrix again makes water liquid level at 1cm-1.5cm, when making to put into culture plate and vegetation charcoal matrix can touch, 1-2 nutrient solution need be supplemented according to cotton seedling growing way when reaching 4 leaf 1 heart;
(8) temperature and humidity management: controlling Cotton Seedling-Growth temperature is 20-25 DEG C, keeps barn relative moisture 70-90% between nursery stage.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), fluorescent tube suspension height is from culture plate surface distance 30cm.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein in step (6), illumination seedling raise period is 12-14h.
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| CN201210457234.XA CN102986417B (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2012-11-14 | Method for rapidly cultivating cotton seedlings |
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| CN201210457234.XA CN102986417B (en) | 2012-11-14 | 2012-11-14 | Method for rapidly cultivating cotton seedlings |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP5723904B2 (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2015-05-27 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Plant cultivation method |
| JP5723900B2 (en) | 2013-02-04 | 2015-05-27 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Plant cultivation method |
| CN103348859B (en) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-09-30 | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所 | Water saving type of seeding that cotton is no-tillage |
| CN108541532A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-18 | 竹溪三元米业有限公司 | A kind of method that biomass nutrient Bowls educates maize seedling |
| CN109006481A (en) * | 2018-08-03 | 2018-12-18 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of method of cotton embryo sprouting and rooting |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US8001722B2 (en) * | 2008-02-26 | 2011-08-23 | Horizon Seed Technologies, Inc. | Enhancing yields of harvested plant seeds by treating sowing seeds with selected doses of a physical plant stressor |
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| US4506474A (en) * | 1980-05-12 | 1985-03-26 | Gte Laboratories Incorporated | Use of night-break lighting to increase fruit set in economically important fruit crops |
| CN101889531A (en) * | 2010-06-28 | 2010-11-24 | 南京农业大学 | Method for controlling indoor seedling raising of upland cotton |
| CN102047838A (en) * | 2010-09-27 | 2011-05-11 | 绍兴市伊贤农业科技有限公司 | Intelligent indoor plant LED light-compensating cycled water culture system |
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