CN102960223B - Method for simply, easily and quickly cultivating tobacco seedlings - Google Patents
Method for simply, easily and quickly cultivating tobacco seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN102960223B CN102960223B CN201210455348.0A CN201210455348A CN102960223B CN 102960223 B CN102960223 B CN 102960223B CN 201210455348 A CN201210455348 A CN 201210455348A CN 102960223 B CN102960223 B CN 102960223B
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
Aiming at climatic obstacle of low temperature and spare sunlight that winter seedling raising in Hunan province faces, idle curing barns in seedling raising baking workshops are utilized, and LED (Light Emitting Diode) lamps and florescent lamps of different wavelengths and matching ratios are adopted as a light source, so that a seedling raising technology which is not limited to winter climatic factors and is capable of quickly cultivating the tobacco seedlings is provided. By using the method, the seedling raising period can be greatly shortened from 90 days to 30 days, the labor requirements are greatly reduced, and the transplanting soil environment can also be quickly adapted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to modern culture technique field, relate to a kind of method that simple and fast is cultivated tobacco seedling, be specifically related to a kind of method of barn insulation irradiation quickly breeding cured tobacco seedling.
Background technology
Tobacco is Solanaceae annual herb plant, and the nearly kind more than 60 of Nicotiana, but really for the manufacture of cigarette and pipe tobacco, substantially only have safflower tobacco also has small part in addition with Aztec tobacco, and other kinds are seldom used.Area is mainly planted by China the areas such as Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Henan, Fujian, Shaanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Jilin and Heilungkiang.
Current tobacco planting is distributed in Hills more, take peasant household as unit dispersion plantation.Owing to limited by technical merit, it is uneven that tobacco seedling growth is educated by institute, and transplanting time extends, and grown in field is inconsistent, affect Maturity of Tobacco Leaf, and tobacco leaf picking is raw or overdone, occurs roasting bad, roasting blue or green phenomenon in bake process, restricts the raising of baking quality of tobacco.The test of booth intensive seedling production, demonstration have been carried out in various places, obtain better effects.It has made up conventional seedbed system Shortcomings, and tobacco seedling growth is neat, healthy and strong, goes back that seedling is fast, growth potential is strong after transplanting, has promoted the harmony of grown in field.
From the one-tenth of floating seedlings mode originally, although floating seedlings mode has increased the input of the materials of growing seedlings such as booth, but unit seedlings growing area greatly reduces than Nutrition Soil seedling raising manners, the labour intensity of recruitment aspect floating seedlings and workload are more than the Nutrition Soil minimizing of growing seedlings, and technology is easy to grasp and the feature such as operation makes intensive, batch production flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating become possibility, just a set of floating seedlings technology of this research at present and summary is more ripe, can adapt with current cured tobacco production technology.
But Hunan Tobacco-growing rice crop rotation cigarette district's flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating phase, and this period was minimum on the occasion of the annual temperature in Hunan, lighting delay number is minimum, cold wave is attacked season frequently in annual late December to next year late March.This disadvantageous weather conditions cause the Hunan Tobacco-growing rice crop rotation cigarette district cured tobacco production long-term existence nursery stage time long, and cigarette seedling quality is not high, and resistance is poor, and transplanting time is postponed, and go back long problem in seedling stage, have had a strong impact on the yield and quality of tobacco leaf.Affected to a certain extent the popularization of floating seedlings technology.
Lai Luxiang etc. are by air-pruning seedling production is inquired into, and compare with floating seedlings technology.Air-pruning seedling production is to utilize synthetic medium and seedling-cultivating tray as the stationary support of root system, and seedling-cultivating tray is placed on the shelf that 40cm is high, by sprinkling irrigation nutrient solution, provides tobacco seedling growth required various nutriments.Air-pruning seedling production technology, owing to being built on stilts growing seedlings, therefore need not be built nutrition liquid pool, without laying plastic, not only can reduce seedling cost, and is not similar in floating seedlings often because mulch film damages the defect that causes nutrient solution to be revealed.Air-pruning seedling production, because being provides the required moisture of tobacco seedling growth and nutrient by sprinkling irrigation, this just must cause air humidity large, and on blade, adhesive water is many, therefore when temperature is high, will strengthen ventilation dewetting, prevents disease outburst.At present also had a lot of Introduction of Literatures tobacco cultivate method and the culture medium of cigarette seedling.
Publication number be CN1463584 Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of tobacco nursery sock growing method using tray water bed, step comprises: pallet, matrix, nutrition pond and preparation nutrient solution are prepared; Medium in tray, sowing, code-disc, water and fertilizer management, leaf-cutting, hardening and seedling strain are transplanted.It adopts deep hole raising tray and the configuration of water bed seedling-cultivating method, overcome traditional tray grow seedlings need to heel in seedling raising process in because executing, to water defect and the floating seedlings cost of the unfavorable growth of seedling of liquid manure higher, the defect that seedlings root is not bery flourishing, has solved the problem that tobacco seedling method is optimized.
Publication number be CN101422122 Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of cured tobacco seedling-raising sand body matrix, this matrix composition method and by this substrate seedling method, a kind of cured tobacco seedling-raising sand body matrix is provided, by sand body, vermiculite, perlite, mixed; The present invention also provides a kind of Friendly tobacco seedling raising medium method of preparing, and the method is screening sand body, sterilization, and sand body, vermiculite, perlite are mixed; The present invention also provides a kind of cigarette seedling-growing method of educating, and the method is that sand body matrix is placed in seedling-cultivating tray, and sowing adds water in nursery pond, and Ensure Liquid liquid after cigarette seedling all sprouts carries out thinning, fills the gaps with seedlings, leaf-cutting, hardening in vegetative period, finally transplant.Use this formulation media to grow seedlings, its emergence rate, planting percent are high, and cost is low, and does not use the peat composed of rotten mosses, has reduced environmental destruction.
Publication number be CN101531551 Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of tobacco floating seed rearing culture medium reproduction process, with its discarded object " bacterium chaff ", make raw material, carry out the sterilizing of microorganism fermentation maturity and make organic matter, reproduce into tobacco seedling and with medium, carry out the tobacco floating seed rearing culture medium reproduction process of floating seedlings, in discarded bacterium chaff, add microorganism-decomposing agent, utilize spontaneous high temperature in digest process to kill edible mushroom mycelium, then spray carbendazim and kill other miscellaneous bacteria; With bacterium chaff, vermiculite and the perlite becoming thoroughly decomposed after sterilizing, according to volume ratio, carry out raw material mixing at 5: 3: 2, and stir, become tobacco floating seed rearing culture medium, solved the comprehensive utilization of agricultural crop straw, become useless and utilize, can produce significant economic benefit and social benefit.
Publication number be CN102124894A Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of technical method for cultivating cured tobaccos under mulching film, comprise the following steps: grow seedlings, manage after ridging and fertilising, transplanting and cultivation.The technology of the present invention has: the time in seedling stage is short, saves land used, and operating technology link is simple, cost saving; Land for growing field crops virus disease morbidity is light; Lower tobacco leaf is grown, and availability is high; Reduce or avoid early blossoming phenomenon; Cigarette strain leaves number is many, well developed root system, and double-deck root system is obvious, resistant to lodging, opens straw and hacks; Produce the more common vega of matter benefit and obviously put forward advantages of higher.
Publication number be CN102633544A Introduction To Cn Patent a kind ofly take farmyard manure and produce biological tobacco fertilizer method as raw material, comprise batching, inoculation, pile, become thoroughly decomposed, after fermentation, take livestock and/or poultry dung as major ingredient, controlling water content is 55 ~ 65%, using agricultural crop straw, green grass, pine nut shell, peanut shell etc. as auxiliary material, and both are mixed into base-material by weight 100:5 ~ 15; In the ratio of 100kg major ingredient inoculation 0.5 ~ 1.5L bacterial classification, to combined inoculation biocontrol microorganisms fermenation raw liquid in base-material; Base-material nature pile, every 3 ~ 5d turning, controls temperature in heap and is not less than 55 ℃, fermentation 10d; Control fertile heap moisture content 45 ~ 50%, continue fermentation 15 ~ 30d, after temperature is down to 40 ℃, complete digest process.Publication number be CN102613054A Introduction To Cn Patent a kind ofly improve that tobacco is cold-resistant, the method for resistance against diseases, comprise: grow seedlings: utilize floating seedlings method to carry out tobacco seedling, in being filled with the floatation of foam hole seedling-cultivating tray of matrix, 2～3cm place Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi fungi below tobacco seed sowing position, guarantee that tobacco individual plant is containing 90～150 mycorrhizal fungal spores, then sow tobacco seed, cultivate, grow tobacco seedling; At tobacco seedling, transplant in first 2 weeks, inoculation phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria liquid bacterial agent 2～5 times, each every strain tobacco seedling inoculum concentration is 103～105 phosphorus-solubilizing bacterias, during transplanting, the phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria solid fungicide that tiling contains 0.5 * 109～1 * 109 phosphorus-solubilizing bacterias in the cave of transplanting, then transplant tobacco seedling, earthing, then carries out conventional cultivation management to tobacco seedling.
Publication number be CN102204504A Introduction To Cn Patent one grow tobacco and float wet arenosols matrix and the preparation method of growing seedlings, described tobacco floats wet each component of arenosols matrix of growing seedlings and forms according to following quality proportioning: arenosols 50-88%, peat composed of rotten mosses 10-40%, fine perlite 2-15%.Publication number be CN102523990A Introduction To Cn Patent regulate and control method and the regulation device thereof of a kind of multilayer culture facility light source used, relate to the seedling equipment in industrialized agriculture planting technology field, its regulation device is to consist of control device, light source shelf, two or two above light source board 10, hydraulic cylinder 4, oil pump 6 and oil pipes 5; Have and can adjust the distance between light source and seedling according to the different growing stages of crop seedling automatically, in good time, and can shorten the features such as nursery stage, saving electric energy, reduction seedling unit cost, both be applicable to open multilayer culture facility, also can be used for the multilayer culture facility of totally-enclosed; Both can be used for vegetables, melon and fruit, tobacco seedling, also can be used for flowers, trees are grown seedlings, the seedling while also can be used for plant of grain crops.
Publication number be CN102144485A Introduction To Cn Patent one artificial light seedling cultivation method growing tobacco, utilize the Illuminations such as intensity of illumination, light application time of artificial light source regulation and control tobacco seedling environment, and in conjunction with to environmental key-element and suitable water-fertilizer conditionings such as temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration, air velocities, cultivate tobacco seedling by the bimestrial time.Publication number be CN102657010A Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of mountain sandbox tobacco vegetables floating seedlings composite substrate, the following material composition that ratio mixes by weight: mountain is husky: sawdust=2:0.8-1.2, mountain is husky is less than 15% containing mud, granularity is less than 2mm, moisture is less than 5%, and pH value is between 6～7.5.Sawdust is the sawdust of China fir, pine, birch, oak or cypress, and sterilization treatment is carried out in mountain sand and sawdust assembly for first 10 days, to kill, causes the bacterium of falling ill.
Publication number be CN102696620A Introduction To Cn Patent a kind of tobacco seedling specific complex preparation and application, this compound formulation is prepared through the following step: the ratio that a. adds 3ml absolute alcohol by abscisic acid according to every 100mg is first dissolved, and then is configured to 200mg/L mother liquor with pure water constant volume; Paclobutrazol is configured to 500mg/L mother liquor with pure water; Boric acid is configured to 1000mg/L mother liquor with pure water; Calcium chloride is configured to 10mg/L mother liquor with pure water; Zinc sulphate is configured to 10mg/L mother liquor with pure water; B. get respectively above-mentioned five kinds of mother liquors and dissolve and mix with pure water, after fully mixing, in the ratio of 0.001-0.01mg/L, add selenium powder again fully to mix and shake up, obtain compound formulation; The mass volume ratio that this is compound makes minute is: abscisic acid 20-100mg/L, paclobutrazol 20-100mg/L, boric acid 200-500mg/L, selenium 0.001-0.01mg/L, zinc sulphate 0-0.5mg/L, calcium chloride 0-0.5mg/L.
China's tobacco planting mainly concentrates on subtropical zone, and winter and spring temperature are lower, is not suitable for the growth of tobacco, so mainly adopt sowing in spring, gather in the crops autumn.China's tobacco seedling mainly adopts the intensive floating seedlings of booth, moistening growing seedlings and these three kinds of methods of air-pruning seedling production now.But these three kinds of methods all need other used device to build certain space, guarantee the growth of the suitable cigarette seedling of environmental temperature in seedling raising process.While adopting raise seedling in greenhouse in land for growing field crops due to spring temperature lower, canopy temperature is difficult to improve, and has had a strong impact on the growth rate of cigarette seedling.During general tobacco planting, all adopt locality to grow seedlings, due to long-term planting tobacco, contain certain tobacco mosaic virus in soil, this virus of raise seedling in greenhouse easy infection, has a strong impact on the production of tobacco.
While adopting air-pruning seedling production and floating seedlings culturing method to grow seedlings, adopt culture matrix and soil to have very large difference, so the cigarette seedling of cultivating all needs to carry out hardening.Tobacco planting all carries out in spring in addition, and while cultivating cigarette seedling, environmental temperature is lower.Floating seedlings facility comprises outside plant and floating system facility two parts.Outside plant generally refers to the automation greenhouse of standard abroad, and temperature of shed and humidity can regulate by corresponding firing equipment and blower fan, is subject to natural temperature variable effect little in seedling raising process, and nursery effect is good.Domestic general plastic tunnel, the little shed floating system used replaces, and cost is well below building green house, but temperature of shed does not reach nursery temperature requirement.The minimum temperature of tobacco seed germination and growth is 7.5～11.0 ℃, and optimum temperature is 25～28 ℃, but quite vigorous at 20 ℃ of left and right growth of seedling, and floating seedlings after planting requires culture plate surface temperature to remain between 21～24 ℃.And adopting air-pruning seedling production to run into too same problem, it is bad that the little temperature of equipment investment is controlled, if equipment investment is very large when temperature reaches tobacco optimum growth temperature, greatly increased the cost at tobacco planting family.In areas such as Yunnan, all adopt outdoor floating seedlings at present, 2-3 month grows seedlings, and to May, starts to carry out cigarette transplantation of seedlings, carries out tobacco leaf harvesting to October, so only plants tobacco in these regional 1 year, no longer plants crop.But after the ground such as Hunan are all harvesting tobacco leaf, also need the cereal crops such as crop rotation paddy rice, tobacco planting is had to certain limitation season.If adopt current tobacco seedling method cannot make tobacco leaf harvesting carry out in seven Augusts, directly affect other crop of crop rotation.Add the areas such as Hunan and often produce anomalous weather as hail, low temperature etc. in spring, very large on the cigarette seedling impact that adopts floating seedlings to obtain, this cigarette seedling is not sturdy not strong to environment resistance.After plantation cigarette seedling, occurring after these anomalous weathers in addition, easily cause cigarette seedling Large Scale Death, all need to mend cultivation, adopt floating mode to educate cigarette seedling, is cannot realize completing fast to mend planting, the minimizing that easily causes tobacco grower to take in.Therefore, this existing resource of barn when we adopt local tobacco planting is carried out fast seedling growing and strong sprout, although there is bibliographical information to utilize barn to produce the method for edible mushroom, but we think that barn is not fully utilized, because utilize barn to produce edible mushroom, also need to invest miscellaneous equipment, want at least 300,000 yuan.And our barn has reduced the infection rate of some tobacco mosaic viruss while growing seedlings, and can greatly accelerate tobacco seedling speed.Because barn has good heat insulation effect (because for roasting grass time need high temperature), do not need other warming-up device, equipment and the irradiation method that can provide part to generate heat light source to cigarette seedling be only provided.In addition, floating seedlings there will be the slow feature of recovery growth rate when field-transplanting, is mainly because inadaptable moisture and the nutrient of absorbing from soil.
Summary of the invention
The technical solution used in the present invention comprises: after barn cleaning, the daylight lamp bracket that mounting design is good, broadcasts sowing tobacco seed, is ready to seedling medium, and irradiation temperature control adds tobacco nutrient solution midway and grows seedlings, field-transplanting cigarette seedling.
Therefore, the invention provides a kind of simple and fast and cultivate tobacco seedling method, step comprises:
(1) selection of seedling medium: carry out after mixing and stirring standby with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer;
(2) lamp bracket setting: adopt stainless steel or wood materials to build layer structure, for the placement of culture plate, long is 3m, wide 2m, interlamellar spacing is 60cm, every layer all hangs with one group of fluorescent tube;
(3) light source is selected: every group of fluorescent tube is 6 of blue light and 6+fluorescent lamps of ruddiness/1:3 Assembled lamp, and fluorescent lamp, Red and blue light are respectively 40W fluorescent lamp and wavelength is 630 nm(ruddiness) and 450 nm(blue lights) 36 W light emitting diodes as light source;
(4) seedling medium sabot: first seedling medium is fallen on the level ground of plastic film mulch before sabot, with clear water, evenly spill wet stirring, after mixing thoroughly, matrix is evenly packed in the floating disc that contains 200 holes, after filling, pat seedling dish, make the matrix loadings uniformity in each seedling cave, matrix elasticity is moderate, then with bamboo chip, scrapes off card residue matrix;
(5) sowing: broadcast 1-2 grain capsuled seed in each cave of growing seedlings in culture plate, then culture plate is put into the nutrient matrix on seedling culture frame;
(6) light management: adopt model TES-13 illuminometer to detect its intensity of illumination, wherein intensity of illumination is 9000 ± 100 Lux, and detected value is the mean value ± amplitude difference of 5 times, carries out illumination every day and grows seedlings certain hour until cigarette transplantation of seedlings;
(7) nutrient management: special fertilizer for seedling culture is provided by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., being mixed with 1000 ppm nutrient solutions pours in culture pond, nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, add again vegetation charcoal matrix to make water liquid level at 1cm-1.5cm, while making to put into culture plate and vegetation charcoal matrix can touch, when reaching 4 leaf 1 heart, need supplement 1-2 nutrient solution according to cigarette seedling growing way;
(8) temperature and humidity management: controlling tobacco seedling growth temperature is 20-25 ℃, keeps barn relative moisture 70-90% between nursery stage.
In a specific embodiments, wherein in step (2), fluorescent tube suspension height is from culture plate surface distance 30 cm.
In another embodiment, wherein in step (6) in seedling raising process light application time be 12 h.
Technique effect
1, adopt the method can greatly shorten growing-seedling period, from growing-seedling period, within 90 days, shortened to 30 days, greatly reduce artificial demand.
2, take full advantage of the existing factory site of growing seedlings, joint medicine resource, reduced production cost.
3, utilize barn after high temperature flue-cured tobacco, eliminated the danger of bacteriosis in barn, reduced the probability that tobacco falls ill in seedling raising process, reduced the consumption of agricultural chemicals.
4, fully taking into account tobacco needs changqiang illumination condition, adopts changqiang illumination condition can significantly strengthen the resistance of cigarette seedling in seedling raising process, has greatly improved the photosynthesis of cigarette seedling.
5, utilize the insulation effect that barn is good, can not need additionally heats just can reach the needed temperature of growing seedlings, and has reduced and has grown seedlings to energy demand.
6, adopt barn to grow seedlings and easily realize with cereal crops and carry out crop rotation, can not strive ground with cereal crops, saved this scarce resource of soil, also can improve farmers' income.
7, adopt blue light, ruddiness and fluorescent lamp combination to grow seedlings, can greatly improve the sturdy degree of cigarette seedling, root system is more flourishing, more can improve cigarette seedling resistance.
8, in seedling raising and strengthening process, take full advantage of illumination and temperature and organically combine, must under uniform temperature and illumination condition, could promote fast growing of cigarette seedling.
9, compare with floating seedlings, moistening growing seedlings more approaches nature, is conducive to the growth of root system, and root system is in water during floating seedlings, is transplanted in native Reel and is prone to the situations such as inadaptable.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1: the placement design sketch of culturing rack, fluorescent tube, culture plate in barn, wherein divide tri-layers of a, d, f, be highly all 60cm; B is 2m; C is 3m; H is culture plate; E is fluorescent tube.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention will be further detailed with embodiment, but it is not limited to any or the similar example of these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
(1) selection of seedling medium: after mixing with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer (by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.), the base of growing seedlings used is that Chenzhou, Hunan Province Guiyang County one toasts tobacco with room, and barn ventilating opening is sealed to processing.
(2) lamp bracket setting: adopt stainless steel or wood materials to build layer structure, for the placement of culture plate, long is 3m, wide 2m, interlamellar spacing is 60cm, and every layer all hangs with one group of fluorescent tube, and fluorescent tube suspension height is from culture plate surface distance 30 cm, sees Fig. 1.
(3) light source is selected: every group of fluorescent tube is 6 of blue light and 6+fluorescent lamps of ruddiness/1:3 Assembled lamp, and fluorescent lamp, Red and blue light are respectively 40W fluorescent lamp and wavelength is 630 nm(ruddiness) and 450 nm(blue lights) 36 W light emitting diodes as light source.
(4) seedling medium sabot: first seedling medium is fallen on the level ground of plastic film mulch before sabot, with clear water, evenly spill wet stirring, after mixing thoroughly, matrix is evenly packed in the culture plate that contains 200 holes, after filling, pat seedling dish, make the matrix loadings uniformity in each seedling cave, matrix elasticity is moderate, then with bamboo chip, scrapes off card residue matrix.
(5) sowing: broadcast 1-2 grain capsuled seed in each cave of growing seedlings in culture plate, then culture plate is put into the nutrient solution on seedling culture frame.
(6) light management: adopt model TES-13 illuminometer to detect its intensity of illumination, wherein intensity of illumination is 9000 ± 100 Lux, detected value is the mean value ± amplitude difference of 5 times, carries out illumination every day and grows seedlings certain hour until cigarette transplantation of seedlings, and illumination seedling raise period is 11-13 h.
(7) nutrient management: special fertilizer for seedling culture is provided by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., being mixed with 1000 ppm nutrient solutions pours in culture pond, nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, add again vegetation charcoal matrix to make water liquid level at 1cm-1.5cm, while making to put into culture plate and vegetation charcoal matrix can touch, when reaching 4 leaf 1 heart, need supplement 1-2 nutrient solution according to cigarette seedling growing way;
(8) temperature and humidity management: controlling tobacco seedling growth temperature is 20-25 ℃, keeps barn relative moisture 70-90% between nursery stage.Barn insulation floating seedlings is not only seeded into seedling only to be needed about 30 days, and cigarette seedling can reach the requirement in strong sprout of the high 10cm of stem, stem girth 1.6cm, and total power consumption is 4500 degree, and investment lamp bracket and fluorescent tube need 5000 yuan, grow seedlings and the results are shown in Table 1 and 2.
Control Example 1
The selection of seedling medium: after mixing with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer (by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.), the base of growing seedlings used is the artificial incubator of the full weather of Agricultural University Of Hunan.Lamp bracket setting, light source selection, seedling medium sabot, sowing, light management, nutrient management, temperature and humidity are managed, cigarette transplantation of seedlings pre-treatment is identical with embodiment 1.Produce the cigarette seedling of same quantity and need to invest 500,000 yuan of the artificial incubators of full weather, light power consumption is 4300 degree, and heating or refrigeration power consumption are 6500 degree, grow seedlings and the results are shown in Table 1 and 2.
Control Example 2
(1) selection of seedling medium: after mixing with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer (by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.), the base of growing seedlings used is Chenzhou, Hunan Province Guiyang County one seedling raising greenhouse.
Seedling medium sabot, sowing, moisture management are consistent with embodiment 1, lamp source adopts lamp, nutrient management employing is mixed with 1000 ppm nutrient solutions and pours in floating pool, nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, while reaching 4 leaf 1 heart, need, according to supplementary 1-2 the nutrient solution of cigarette seedling growing way, temperature nature, without power consumption, need to invest 1.5 ten thousand yuan of booths, the time that growing seedlings needs is about 3 months, grows seedlings and the results are shown in Table 1 and 2.
Control Example 3
(1) selection of seedling medium: after mixing with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer (by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd.), the base of growing seedlings used is Chenzhou, Hunan Province Guiyang County one seedling raising greenhouse.
Seedling medium sabot, sowing, moisture management are consistent with embodiment 1, lamp source adopts lamp, nutrient management employing is mixed with 1000 ppm nutrient solutions and pours in floating pool, nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, while reaching 4 leaf 1 heart, need supplement 1-2 nutrient solution, temperature insulation 15 according to cigarette seedling growing way and spend, power consumption is 6000 degree, need to invest 1.5 ten thousand yuan of booths, the time that growing seedlings needs is about 2 months, grows seedlings and the results are shown in Table 1 and 2.
Table 1 is processed the statistics of cigarette seedling leafing number of days
71 heart stages of leaf of table 2, are respectively processed cigarette seedling Analysis of agronomic characters result
Claims (3)
1. the invention provides a kind of simple and fast and cultivate the method for tobacco seedling, step comprises:
(1) selection of seedling medium: carry out after mixing and stirring standby with vegetation charcoal and fertilizer;
(2) lamp bracket setting: adopt stainless steel or wood materials to build layer structure, for the placement of culture plate, long is 3m, wide 2m, interlamellar spacing is 60cm, every layer all hangs with one group of fluorescent tube;
(3) light source is selected: every group of fluorescent tube is 6 of blue light and 6+fluorescent lamps of ruddiness/1:3 Assembled lamp, and fluorescent lamp, Red and blue light are respectively 40W fluorescent lamp and wavelength is 630 nm(ruddiness) and 450 nm(blue lights) 36 W light emitting diodes as light source;
(4) seedling medium sabot: first seedling medium is fallen on the level ground of plastic film mulch before sabot, with clear water, evenly spill wet stirring, after mixing thoroughly, matrix is evenly packed in the floating disc that contains 200 holes, after filling, pat seedling dish, make the matrix loadings uniformity in each seedling cave, matrix elasticity is moderate, then with bamboo chip, scrapes off card residue matrix;
(5) sowing: broadcast 1-2 grain capsuled seed in each cave of growing seedlings in culture plate, then culture plate is put into the nutrient matrix on seedling culture frame;
(6) light management: adopt model TES-13 illuminometer to detect its intensity of illumination, wherein intensity of illumination is 9000 ± 100 Lux, and detected value is the mean value ± amplitude difference of 5 times, carries out illumination every day and grows seedlings certain hour until cigarette transplantation of seedlings;
(7) nutrient management: special fertilizer for seedling culture is provided by Hu'nan Xianghui Agricultural Technology Development Co., Ltd., being mixed with 1000 ppm nutrient solutions pours in culture pond, nutrient solution height dimension is held in 8-10 centimetre, add again vegetation charcoal matrix to make water liquid level at 1cm-1.5cm, while making to put into culture plate and vegetation charcoal matrix can touch, when reaching 4 leaf 1 heart, need supplement 1-2 nutrient solution according to cigarette seedling growing way;
(8) temperature and humidity management: controlling tobacco seedling growth temperature is 20-25 ℃, keeps barn relative moisture 70-90% between nursery stage.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the middle fluorescent tube suspension height of step (2) is from culture plate surface distance 30 cm.
3. according to the process of claim 1 wherein in step (6) in seedling raising process that light application time is 12 h.
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| CN104446749B (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2017-01-11 | 湖南农业大学 | Nutrient solution for low-temperature resisting floating seedlings of tobaccos and application method thereof |
| CN105165437B (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-11-14 | 湖南绿米科技有限公司 | A kind of method for promoting tobacco seedling using LED plant growth light sources |
| CN105532210A (en) * | 2015-11-18 | 2016-05-04 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Lighting environment based tobacco seedling growing method |
| CN106922506B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2022-12-02 | 福建省中科生物股份有限公司 | Artificial light environment cultivation method for tobacco |
| CN108541573B (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2020-03-06 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for obtaining short-period tobacco by promoting early flowering of tobacco |
| CN108235934B (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2020-04-21 | 云南中烟工业有限责任公司 | Method for changing external growth conditions of tobacco and promoting early flowering of tobacco |
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